Chapter 1 An Overview of Strategic Marketing 1 | 3Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Objectives Define marketing as focused on.

Chapter 1An Overview of

Strategic Marketing

1 | 3Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Objectives

• Define marketing as focused on customers

• Identify important marketing terms

• Become aware of the marketing concept and marketing orientation

• Understand importance of building customer relationships

• Learn the process of marketing management

• Recognize role of marketing in society


Defining Marketing

the process of creating, distributing, promoting, and pricing goods, services, and ideas to facilitate satisfying exchange relationships with customers and to develop and maintain favorable relationships with stakeholders in a dynamic environment


Marketing focuses on customers

• Customers, who are buyers of organization’s products, are the focal point of all marketing activities.

• The essence of marketing is to develop satisfying exchanges from which both customers and marketers benefit.

• Organizations generally focus their marketing efforts on a specific group of customers, or target markettarget market.

• Organizations must define their products not as what they produce but as what they do to satisfy customers.


Target Market

• A specific group of customers on whom an organization focuses its marketing efforts.


Components ofStrategic Marketing


Marketing deals with “Marketing Mix”

• Marketing is more than simply advertising or selling a product; it involves developing and managing a product, making

the product available in the right place and at a price acceptable to buyers, and communicating information to help customers determine if the product will satisfy their needs.

• These activities — product, distribution, promotion, and pricing — are known as the marketing mix because marketers decide what type of each element to use and in what amounts. (each will be briefed in the followings slides)


Product Variable• The product variable deals with researching

customers’ needs and wants and designing a product that satisfies them.

• A product can be a good, a service, or an idea:– GoodGood—a physical entity you can touch– ServiceService—the application of human and mechanical efforts

to people or objects to provide intangible benefits to customers

– IdeaIdea—concept, philosophy, image, or issue

• The product variable also involves creating or modifying brand names and packaging and may include decisions regarding warranty and repair services.


Distribution Variable

Makes products available in the right quantities to the target market, and

Yet, keeps the following costs under control:

Inventory Transportation Storage

It also involves Selecting/Motivating intermediaries


Promotion Variable

It relates to activities used to inform individuals or groups about an organization and its products.

It can also increase public awareness of an organization and of new or existing products.

Promotional activities can also educate customers about product features


Price Variable

• Decisions and actions associated with establishing pricing objectives and policies and determining product prices.

• Price is a critical component of the marketing mix because customers are concerned about the value obtained in an exchange.exchange.


The Marketing Mix – the control issue

• The marketing mix variables are often viewed as controllable because they can be modified. But,

• Economic conditions, competitive structure, or government regulations may limit how much marketing managers can alter them (uncontrollable).


Marketing Builds Relationships with Customers and Other Stakeholders

• Individuals and organizations engage in marketing to facilitate exchanges. (see next slide

for illustration)

• ExchangeExchange is “the provision or transfer of goods, services, or ideas in return for something of value”.


Exchange BetweenBuyer and Seller


Conditions of Exchange

1) Two or more must participate and possess something of value other party desires

2) Exchange should provide benefit/ satisfaction to both parties

3) Parties have confidence in the promise of “something of value” held by the other

4) Parties must meet expectations


Stakeholders

• Marketers are also concerned with building relationships with relevant stakeholders,

• Stakeholders: those who have a “stake,” or claim, in some aspect of a company’s products, operations, markets, industry, and outcomes”.

• Stakeholders may include customers, employees, investors and shareholders, suppliers, governments, communities, and many others.


Marketing Occurs in a Dynamic Environment

• The marketing environment includes competitive, economic, legal and regulatory, technological, and socio-cultural forces.

• It affects marketer’s ability to facilitate exchanges

• Marketing environment forces can fluctuate quickly and dramatically.

• Changes in the marketing environment produce uncertainty for marketers and at times hurt marketing efforts, but they also create opportunities.


Marketing Occurs in a Dynamic Environment

• The forces of the marketing environment affect a marketer’s ability to facilitate exchanges in three general ways:

• 1- they influence customers by affecting their lifestyles, standards of living, and preferences and needs of products.

• 2-marketing environment forces determine whether and how a marketing manager can perform certain marketing activities.

• 3- environmental forces may affect a marketing manager’s decisions and actions by influencing buyers' reactions to the firm’s marketing mix.


Marketing Concept• The marketing concept is “a philosophy that an

organization should try to provide products that satisfy customers’ needs through a coordinated set of activities that also allows the organization to achieve its goals.

• It is also a management philosophy that guides an organization’s overall activities.

• Customer satisfaction is the major focus of the marketing concept.

• To implement this concept, an org. focuses on customer analysis, competitor analysis, and integration of the firm’s resources to provide customer value and satisfaction, as well as long-term profits.


Evolution of theMarketing Concept


The Production Orientation (1850-1900)

During the second half of the nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution was at its peak in the United States. The attention was fully focused on production

As a result of new technology and new ways of using labor, products poured into the market, where consumer demand for the new manufactured goods was strong.


The Sales Orientation (1900-1950)

• Between 1900 and 1950, businesspeople viewed sales as the major means of increasing profits. [sell what you can make]

• During this era, businesspeople believed that the major marketing activities were personal selling, advertising, and distribution.


Marketing Orientation 1950-now

By the early 1950s, some businesspeople recognized that they must first determine what customers want and then produce it, rather than make products and try to persuade customers that what they need is what was produced. [make what you can sell]

• Marketing orientationMarketing orientation is “an organization-wide commitment to researching and responding to customer needs”


Implementing the Marketing Concept

marketing orientationmarketing orientation requires an “organization-wide generation of market intelligence pertaining to current and future customer needs, dissemination of the intelligence across departments, and organization-wide responsiveness to it.” This means that:

– Management must first establish an information system to discover customers’ real needs and then use the information to create satisfying products.


Relationship Marketing• It refers to “establishing long-term, mutually satisfying buyer-

seller relationships”.

• Relationship marketing continually deepens the buyer’s trust in the company, and as the customer’s confidence grows, this in turn increases the firm’s understanding of the customer’s needs.

• Eventually this interaction becomes a solid relationship that allows for cooperation and mutual dependency.

• Relationship marketing can be developed through:

Acquire new customers

Enhance profitability of existing customers

Extend duration of customer relationship


CustomerRelationship Management (CRM)

Using information about customers to create marketing strategies that develop and sustain desirable customer relationships.


Value-Driven Marketing

• To manage customer relationships, organizations must develop marketing mixes that create valuevalue for customers.

• Value is “a customer’s subjective assessment of benefits relative to costs in determining the worth of a product” (customer value = customer benefits – customer costs).

• Customer benefits include anything a buyer receives in an exchange. While,

• Customer costs include anything a buyer must give up to obtain the benefits provided by the product. Costs include the monetary price of the product as well as non-monetary costs such as time and effort.


Value-Driven Marketing (continued)

• The process people use to determine the value of a product is not highly scientific (subjective).

• In developing marketing activities, it is important to recognize that customers receive benefits based on their expectations and previous experiences.

• The marketing mix can be used to enhance perceptions of value.


Marketing Management

Marketing managementMarketing management is “the process of planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling marketing activities to facilitate exchanges effectively and efficiently.

• “EffectivenessEffectiveness” is the degree to which an exchange helps achieve an organization’s objectives. While,

• “EfficiencyEfficiency” refers to minimizing the resources an organization must spend to achieve a specific level of desired exchanges (objectives).


Marketing Management

• The Proper implementation of marketing plans depends on proper coordination of marketing activities. Look at McDonald’s example on page16.

• An effective control process has four requirements:

First, it should ensure a rate of information flow.

Second, it must accurately monitor various activities and be flexibly.

Third, the cost of the control process must be low relative to the cost that would arise without control.

Fourth, all employees should be able to understand the process.

Marketing manager should have an effective communication system that connects him with others.


The Importance of Marketing in Global Economy

1. Marketing Costs Consume a Sizable Portion of Buyers’ money

About one-half of a buyer’s money goes to pay the costs of marketing.

Because marketing expenses consume such a significant portion of our money, we should know how this money is used.


The Importance of Marketing in Global Economy (continued)

2. Marketing Is Used in Nonprofit Organizations

– Marketing is also important for nonprofit organizations. For example, government agencies use marketing activities to fulfill their goals.

– In the private sector, nonprofit organizations also employ marketing activities to create, distribute, promote, and even price programs that benefit particular segments of society.



3. Marketing Is Important to Business and the Economy– Businesses must sell products to survive and

grow, and marketing activities help sell their products.

– Marketing activities help individual business make healthy profits, and this is important for the health and ultimate survival of the global economy.



4. Marketing Fuels Our Global Economy

– Profits from marketing products contribute to the development of new products and technologies.

– Advances in technology lead to a higher standard of living, and this stimulates global economic growth.



5. Marketing Knowledge Enhances Consumer Awareness

– Studying marketing allows us to assess a product’s value more effectively.

– Understanding marketing enables us to understand measures (i.e. laws and regulations) that could stop unfair, damaging, or unethical marketing practices.



6. Marketing Connects People Through Technology

– New communication technology helps marketers understand and satisfy more customers than ever before. (E-marketing, E-shopping)

– The Internet has become a vital tool for marketing to consumers and businesses.



7. Socially Responsible Marketing Can Promote the Welfare of Customers and Society

– The success of economic system depends on marketers who promote trust and treat customers with respect.

– By being socially responsible, a firm can protect the interests of the general public and the natural environment.



8. Marketing Offers Many Exciting Career Prospects– For example, 25 to 33 percent of all civilian

workers in the United States perform marketing activities.

– Whether a person earns a living through marketing activities or otherwise, marketing knowledge and skills are valuable assets.

Chapter 1 An Overview of Strategic Marketing 1 | 3Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Objectives Define marketing as focused on.

Documents

marketing efforts

marketing activities

marketing deals

marketing concept

objectivesdefine marketing

essence of marketing

marketing mixmarketing

activities product