Looking Out/Looking In Thirteenth Edition 1 A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION CHAPTER TOPICS • Why We Communicate • The Process of Communication • Communication Principles and Misconceptio ns • The Nature of Interpersonal Communication • What Makes an Effective Communicator
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Looking Out/Looking InThirteenth Edition
1A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
CHAPTER TOPICS
• Why We Communicate• The Process of Communication• Communication Principles and Misconceptions• The Nature of Interpersonal Communication• What Makes an Effective Communicator
2A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Why We Communicate
• Physical Needs
• Identity Needs
• Social Needs
• Practical Goals
3A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Why We Communicate
• Physical Needs• Social isolation increases risk of:
• Coronary disease• Rivals cigarette smoking, high blood pressure and lack of
physical activity
• Catching the common cold• Premature death
• Positive communication and strong social ties lead to better health
4A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Why We Communicate
• Identity Needs• Identity comes from how we interact with
others
• Acting human is a learned process
• Messages influence our identity throughout our lives
5A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Why We Communicate
• Social Needs• Communication is used to:
• Obtain pleasure, affection, companionship, relaxation, escape and control
• Create happier relationships and social lives
• Theorists argue that positive relationships may be the most important source of human satisfaction and emotional well-being
6A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Why We Communicate
• Practical Goals• Getting others to behave in ways we want• Communication is the tool that:
• Lets you explain your needs to the hair stylist• Helps you negotiate household duties• Is essential in virtually every career
• Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs• Physical, Safety, Social, Esteem and Self-
Actualization
7A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Process of Communication
• A Linear View• Communication is “done to” a receiver
Figure 1.1 Page 10
8A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Process of Communication
• Linear Communication• The model
• Suited to radio and television• Created by scientists interested in electronic media• Affected the way we think and talk about
communication
• Is there really only one sender and one receiver?
9A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Process of Communication
• A Transactional View• Communication as a uniquely human process
Figure 1.2 Page 11
10A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Process of Communication
• Transactional Communication• The model
• Messages are sent and received at the same time• Sender/Receiver become communicators• Environments
• Physical location• Personal experiences and cultural backgrounds
• Noise• Internal as well as external noise is represented
• Channels retain significant role
11A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Principles and Misconceptions
• Principles• Some communication is clearly intentional• Communication can be unintentional
• Overhearing another's conversation• How does the meaning change?
• Nonverbal Communication• Unaware of your expressions
• Sour face, restlessness, sighs of boredom• Unknowingly being observed
12A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Principles and Misconceptions
• Principles• Communication is irreversible
• It is impossible to “unreceive” a message• Think about “unsqueezing” a tube of toothpaste
• Words said and deeds done are irretrievable
• It’s impossible not to communicate• Intentional and unintentional behaviors send a
message• People who decode your message may not
interpret it accurately
13A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Principles and Misconceptions
• Principles• Communication is unrepeatable
• Communication is an ongoing process• It is impossible to repeat the same event
• If attempted, the act of repetition will change the intended meaning
• Both communicators have changed because they have lived longer
• The “same” words and behaviors are different each time they are spoken or performed
14A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Principles and Misconceptions
• Principles• Content and relational dimension
• Content dimension• Involves the information being explicitly discussed
• Relational dimension• Involves how you feel about the other person
• Like or dislike• In control or subordinate• Comfortable or anxious
15A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Principles and Misconceptions
• Misconceptions• More communication is not always better
• Excessive communication can be unproductive and can also backfire
• Pestering a potential employer about a job prospect• Texting too many “call me” messages
• Meanings are not in the words• Saying something is not the same as
communicating it
16A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Principals and Misconceptions
• Misconceptions• Communication and shared understanding
• Successful communication doesn’t always involve shared understanding
• Being deliberately vague• Sacrificing clarity to spare another's feelings
• More satisfying relationships can sometimes come from less-than-perfect understanding
17A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Principals and Misconceptions
• Misconceptions• People/Events do not cause another’s
reaction• Communication is transactional, ongoing and
collaborative• Communication does not occur in a vacuum
• Communication will not solve all problems
18A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Nature of Interpersonal Communication
• Two Views of Interpersonal Communication• Quantitative Communication
• Any interaction between two people, usually face to face
• Can be considered routine or impersonal
• Qualitative Communication• Occurs when we treat others as unique individuals
regardless of context or the number of people involved
19A FIRST LOOK AT INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The Nature of Interpersonal Communication
• Aspects of Qualitative Communication• Uniqueness• Irreplaceability• Interdependence• Disclosure• Intrinsic Rewards• The scarcity of quality interpersonal