Chapter 1 2010-2011

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ELECTRICALINSTALLATION

DESIGN

CHAPTER 1

Introduction toElectricalInstallation

Design

Hasnizam Hana

Sc!ool o"Electrical

S#stem

Electrical Installation Design $ DET %&'

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DESIGN

Design o" Po(er Distri)utionDesign o" Po(er Distri)ution

S#stem in *uildingsS#stem in *uildings

The best distribution system isone that will, cost efectively andsaely, supply adequate electricservice to both present and

uture probable loads+unction o" t!e electric+unction o" t!e electric

,o(er distri)ution s#stem,o(er distri)ution s#stem

To receive power at one or more

supply points and deliver it tothe individual lamps, motors,and all other electricallyoperated devices.

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DESIGN

*asic Princi,les or +actor*asic Princi,les or +actor

Re-uiring ConsiderationRe-uiring Consideration

During DesignDuring Design

• +unctions o" structure.,resent and "uture/

• Li"e and 0ei)ilit# o"structure/

• Locations o" ser2ice

entrance and distri)utione-ui,ment. locations andc!aracteristics o" loads.locations o" unitsu)stations/

• Demand and di2ersit#"actors o" loads/

• Sources o" ,o(er3 includingnormal. stand)# andemergenc#/

• Continuit# and -ualit# o"

,o(er a2aila)le andre uired/

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DESIGN

Cont//*asic Princi,les orCont//*asic Princi,les or

+actor Re-uiring+actor Re-uiring

Consideration During DesignConsideration During Design

• Energ# e4cienc# andmanagement/

• Distri)ution and utilization2oltages/

• *us and5or ca)le "eeders/• Distri)ution e-ui,ment andmotor control/

• Po(er and lig!tingdistri)ution )oards and

motor control centers/• T#,es o" lig!ting s#stems/

• Installation met!ods/

• Po(er monitoring s#stems/

• Electric utilit#re-uirements/

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DESIGNGoals o" S#stem DesignGoals o" S#stem Design

1616 Sa"et#Sa"et# To design the power systemwhich will not present any

electrical hazard to the peoplewho utilize the acility, and/orthe utilization equipment edrom the electrical system

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DESIGN

Goals o" S#stem DesignGoals o" S#stem Design

%6 7inimum Initial In2estment

The owner’s overall budget orrst cost purchase andinstallation o the electricaldistribution system andelectrical utilization equipment

will be a !ey actor indetermining which o variousalternate system designs are tobe selected. "hen trying tominimize initial investment orelectrical equipment,

consideration should be given tothe cost o installation, #oorspace requirements and possiblee$tra cooling requirements aswell as the initial purchase price

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DESIGN

Goals o" S#stem Design 8Cont96

:6 7aimum Ser2ice Continuit#

The degree o service continuity and reliabilityneeded will vary depending on the type anduse o the acility as well as the loads orprocess being supplied by the electricaldistribution system.

Typically, service continuity and reliability canbe increased by% &upplying multiple utility power sources

or services

&upplying multiple connection paths toloads served

'sing short time rated power circuitbrea!ers

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DESIGN

Goals o" S#stem Design 8Cont96

(roviding alternate customers ownedpower sources such as generators orbatteries supplying uninterruptible powersupplies

&electing the highest quality electricalequipment and conductors

'sing the best installation methods )esigning appropriate systems alarms,

monitoring and diagnostics &electing preventative maintenance

systems or equipment to alarm beore anoutage occurs

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DESIGN

Goals o" S#stem DesignGoals o" S#stem Design 8Cont968Cont96

;6 7aimum +lei)ilit# < E,enda)ilit#*n many industrial manuacturing plants,electrical utilization loads are periodically relocated or changed requiring changes in theelectrical distribution system. +onsideration othe layout and design o the electrical distribution system to accommodate thesechanges must be considered

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DESIGN

Goals o" S#stem DesignGoals o" S#stem Design 8Cont968Cont96

=6 7aimum Electrical E4cienc# 87inimumO,erating Costs6lectrical e-ciency can generally bema$imized by designing systems thatminimize the losses in conductors,

transormers and utilization equipment. (ropervoltage level selection plays a !ey actor in thisarea and will be discussed later. &electingequipment, such as transormers, with loweroperating losses, generally means higher rstcost and increased #oor space requirements

thus, there is a balance to be consideredbetween the owner’s utility energy change orthe losses in the transormer or otherequipment versus the owner’s rst cost budgetand cost o money.

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DESIGN


8Cont968Cont96

>6 7inimum 7aintenance Cost

'sually the simpler the electrical system designand the simpler the electrical equipment, theless the associated maintenance costs andoperator errors. s electrical systems andequipment become more complicated to

provide greater service continuity or #e$ibility,the maintenance costs and chance or operatorerror increases. The systems should bedesigned with an alternate power circuit to ta!eelectrical equipment 0requiring periodicmaintenance1 out o service without dropping

essential loads. 'se o drawout type protectivedevices such as brea!ers and combinationstarters can also minimize maintenance costand out2o2service time.

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DESIGN


8Cont968Cont96

'6 7aimum Po(er ?ualit# The power input requirements o all utilizationequipment has to be considered including theacceptable operating range o the equipmentand the electrical distribution system has to

be designed to meet these needs

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DESIGN

Lo( @oltage Distri)utionS#stem 8Princi,les6

M

S

B

S S B 1

M a i n D i s t r ib u t io n L e v e l S u b D i s t r i b u t io n L e v e l S u b D i s t r ib u t io n L e v e l

S S B 2

S S B 3

D B

D B

D B

D B

D B

D B

D B

D B

D B

2 +entralised highpower loads such asair compressors andwater cooling units inindustrial processes or

air conditioners andlits in o-ce buildings.

• &ub distribution usedto distribute electricitywithin each area

• 7inal distribution, usedto supply the variousloads

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DESIGN

Lo( @oltage Distri)utionLo( @oltage Distri)ution

S#stem 8Princi,les6S#stem 8Princi,les6

*asic To,ologies*asic To,ologies

ll distribution systems are combinationso two basic topologies%

8.&tar topologies% 9adial or centralizeddistribution

:.4us topologies% )istribution usingbusduct / busways 0also reerred to asbusbar trun!ing system1

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DESIGN

Lo( @oltage Distri)utionS#stem 8Princi,les6

&tar Topologies

4us Topologies

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DESIGN

Selecting a Distri)utionSc!emes

The 65 distribution scheme is selected accordingto%• Energ# a2aila)ilit# re-uirements

The criterion o independent circuits todiferent parts o an installation ma!es it

possible to%8. 6imit the consequences o a ault to the

circuit concerned:. &imply ault locating

;. +arry out maintenance wor! or circuit

e$tensions without interrupting thesupply o power to the whole installation.

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DESIGN

Selecting a Distri)utionSelecting a Distri)ution

Sc!emesSc!emes

• Size o" t!e site 8area < total ,o(er to )edistri)uted6&mall sites are supplied directly by the utility’s65 networ! and the size and powerrequirements o the installation do not

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DESIGN


• Load la#out 8e-ui,ment and ,o(er densit#6 Two types o loads, depending on their layout onthe site, must be ta!en in account%• +oncentrated load, generally corresponding

to building utilities used or the entire siteand requiring high power 0e.g. centralized airconditioning units, lits, rerigeration units insupermar!et1

• )istributed loads that can be dealt with ingroups corresponding to a homogeneousarea 0#oor, actory shop, production line1 and

characterized by two parameters% powerdensity 0in 5/m:1 and equipment density 0innumber o devices per 8= or 8==m:1

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DESIGN


• Installation 0ei)ilit# re-uirements*nstallation #e$ibility is an increasinglyimportant requirement, in particular orcommercial and industrial premises.

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DESIGN

Rules and Statutor# Regulations

6ow2voltage installations are governed by a

number o regulatory and advisory te$ts, whichmay be classied as ollows%8. &tatutory regulations 0decrees, actory

acts, etc.1,:. +odes o practice, regulations issued by

proessional institutions, ational and international standards orinstallations,

?. >ational and international standards orproducts.

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DESIGN

Rules and Statutor# Regulations

The electricity supply and installation practice

in (eninsular 3alaysia are governed by theollowing%8. lectricity &upply ct 8@@= A ct ??B

:. 6icensee &upply 9egulation 8@@=;. lectricity 9egulation 8@@?

?. C&D 8@@? A Cccupational, &aety E Dealthct

F. 3alaysia &tandard 3& *+ G=;G? lectrical*nstallation o 4uildings

G. The current edition o the * "iring9egulations or lectrical *nstallations,where necessary 0* "iring 9egulation 8GE8B th dition1

B. lectricity &upply 0&uccessor +ompany1 ct8@@= A ct ??H

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DESIGN

Denitions o" @oltage Ranges

*n 3alaysia, the design criteria aredeveloped by Tenaga >asional 4erhad0T>41 or steady state supply voltagelevel #uctuation o the low voltagesystem can be divided into%

&teady state voltage level #uctuationunder normal condition% ?8F5/:?=5 I8=Jto KFJ.

&teady state voltage level #uctuationunder contingency condition% ?8F5/:?=5I8=J.

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DESIGN

TN* Su,,l# Sc!emes and 7aimumDemand Le2el "or Lo( @oltage

S#stem

7D Ranges o"Indi2idualCustomer

Su,,l#@oltage

T#,ical Su,,l#Sc!eme

'p to 8:!5 :?=5 • Cverhead services

rom 65 mains8:!5 to 8==!5 ?8F5 • Three phase

overhead orunderground cableservice rom e$isting

65 mains

8==!5 to 8===!5 ?8F5 • )irect cable servicesrom 65 board rom asubstation

Typical supply schemes or various 3a$imum

)emand 03)1 levels

l ! d i

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DESIGN

No T#,e o" Premises 7inimum

8B6

A2erage

8B6

7aimum

8B6

8 6ow cost #ats, single

storeyterrace

8.F :.= ;.=

: )ouble storey terrace orapartment

;.= ?.= F.=

; &ingle storey,

semidetached

;.= F.= B.=

? &ingle storey bungalow Ethree room condominium

F.= B.= 8=.=

F )ouble storey bungalowE

lu$ury condominium

H.= 8:.= 8F.=

9ange o 3a$imum )emand 03)1 or domestic customersubclasses or premises

TN* Su,,l# Sc!emes and 7aimumDemand Le2el "or Lo( @oltage

S#stem

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DESIGN

9ange o 3a$imum )emand 03)1 or types o shophouses

TN* Su,,l# Sc!emes and7aimum Demand Le2el "or

Lo( @oltage S#stem

No T#,e o" Premises 7inimum

8B6

A2erage

8B6

7aimum

8B6

8 &ingle storey,semidetached

F 8= 8F

: )ouble storey shophouse

8F := :F

; Three storey shop house := ;= ;F

? 7our storey shop house :F ;F ?F

F 7ive storey shop house ;= ?= FF

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DESIGN

Rules and Statutor#Regulations

T#,es o" su,,l# a,,lications are

,ro2ided )# TN* can )e classiedinto t!ree t#,es

• Su,,l# a,,lication "or load u, to1&&@A

Su,,l# usuall# "rom eistingsu,,l# mains Su)mission o" a,,lications to

TN*D )# Electrical Contractorregistered (it! Suru!ana#a

Tenaga 8ST6 Processing ,eriod "or su,,l# (ill

tae a maimum o" : (ees u,ona,,ro2al "rom t!e localaut!orities/

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DESIGN

Rules and Statutor#Regulations

• Su,,l# a,,lication "or load

eceeding 1&&@A Su,,l# ma# re-uireesta)lis!ment o" ne( su)station

Su)mission o" a,,lications toTN*D )# Consultant Engineer

Processing ,eriod "or su,,l# ma#tae )et(een > mont!s to :#ears de,ending on t!e etent o"electrical in"rastructure re-uired/

• Su,,l# a,,lication "or streetlig!t

A,,lication made )# t!e localaut!orit#5go2ernmentde,artment

A,,lication )# de2elo,er A,,lication )# indi2idual

Chapter 1 2010-2011

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