Professor Trong Professor Trong - - Yen Lee Yen Lee e e - - mail: mail: [email protected][email protected]http:// http:// www.ntut.edu.tw/~tylee www.ntut.edu.tw/~tylee NTUT/EN NTUT/EN Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to the System Prototype and Introduction to the System Prototype and Hardware/Software Architectures Hardware/Software Architectures
125
Embed
Chapter 1 · 2008-03-04 · 1.2.1 Introduction The core component of embedded system is varied embedded processors. Embedded processors characteristics Fast processing Low power consumption
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Transcript
Professor TrongProfessor Trong--Yen LeeYen Leeee--mail mail tyleentutedutwtyleentutedutw
OutlineOutline11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
11 System on a Chip11 System on a Chip11 System on a Chip11 System on a Chip12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoCSystem
A collection of all kinds of components andor subsystems that are appropriately interconnected to perform the specified functions for end users
A SoC design is a ldquoproduct creation processrdquoStarts at identifying the end-user needsEnds at delivering a product with enough functional satisfaction to overcome the payment from the end-user
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoC ndashndash SoCSoC Design TasksDesign TasksDefinition of system-level design specification (C-based HDLs)Design evaluation and explorationHardwareSoftware codesignCo-verification co-simulation and co-emulationDebugging and diagnosisRapid prototyping
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
OutlineOutline11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
11 System on a Chip11 System on a Chip11 System on a Chip11 System on a Chip12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoCSystem
A collection of all kinds of components andor subsystems that are appropriately interconnected to perform the specified functions for end users
A SoC design is a ldquoproduct creation processrdquoStarts at identifying the end-user needsEnds at delivering a product with enough functional satisfaction to overcome the payment from the end-user
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoC ndashndash SoCSoC Design TasksDesign TasksDefinition of system-level design specification (C-based HDLs)Design evaluation and explorationHardwareSoftware codesignCo-verification co-simulation and co-emulationDebugging and diagnosisRapid prototyping
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
11 System on a Chip11 System on a Chip11 System on a Chip11 System on a Chip12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoCSystem
A collection of all kinds of components andor subsystems that are appropriately interconnected to perform the specified functions for end users
A SoC design is a ldquoproduct creation processrdquoStarts at identifying the end-user needsEnds at delivering a product with enough functional satisfaction to overcome the payment from the end-user
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoC ndashndash SoCSoC Design TasksDesign TasksDefinition of system-level design specification (C-based HDLs)Design evaluation and explorationHardwareSoftware codesignCo-verification co-simulation and co-emulationDebugging and diagnosisRapid prototyping
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoCSystem
A collection of all kinds of components andor subsystems that are appropriately interconnected to perform the specified functions for end users
A SoC design is a ldquoproduct creation processrdquoStarts at identifying the end-user needsEnds at delivering a product with enough functional satisfaction to overcome the payment from the end-user
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoC ndashndash SoCSoC Design TasksDesign TasksDefinition of system-level design specification (C-based HDLs)Design evaluation and explorationHardwareSoftware codesignCo-verification co-simulation and co-emulationDebugging and diagnosisRapid prototyping
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoCSystem
A collection of all kinds of components andor subsystems that are appropriately interconnected to perform the specified functions for end users
A SoC design is a ldquoproduct creation processrdquoStarts at identifying the end-user needsEnds at delivering a product with enough functional satisfaction to overcome the payment from the end-user
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoC ndashndash SoCSoC Design TasksDesign TasksDefinition of system-level design specification (C-based HDLs)Design evaluation and explorationHardwareSoftware codesignCo-verification co-simulation and co-emulationDebugging and diagnosisRapid prototyping
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoCSystem
A collection of all kinds of components andor subsystems that are appropriately interconnected to perform the specified functions for end users
A SoC design is a ldquoproduct creation processrdquoStarts at identifying the end-user needsEnds at delivering a product with enough functional satisfaction to overcome the payment from the end-user
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoC ndashndash SoCSoC Design TasksDesign TasksDefinition of system-level design specification (C-based HDLs)Design evaluation and explorationHardwareSoftware codesignCo-verification co-simulation and co-emulationDebugging and diagnosisRapid prototyping
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoCSystem
A collection of all kinds of components andor subsystems that are appropriately interconnected to perform the specified functions for end users
A SoC design is a ldquoproduct creation processrdquoStarts at identifying the end-user needsEnds at delivering a product with enough functional satisfaction to overcome the payment from the end-user
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoC ndashndash SoCSoC Design TasksDesign TasksDefinition of system-level design specification (C-based HDLs)Design evaluation and explorationHardwareSoftware codesignCo-verification co-simulation and co-emulationDebugging and diagnosisRapid prototyping
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoC ndashndash SoCSoC Design TasksDesign TasksDefinition of system-level design specification (C-based HDLs)Design evaluation and explorationHardwareSoftware codesignCo-verification co-simulation and co-emulationDebugging and diagnosisRapid prototyping
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoC ndashndash SoCSoC Design TasksDesign TasksDefinition of system-level design specification (C-based HDLs)Design evaluation and explorationHardwareSoftware codesignCo-verification co-simulation and co-emulationDebugging and diagnosisRapid prototyping
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoC ndashndash SoCSoC Design TasksDesign TasksDefinition of system-level design specification (C-based HDLs)Design evaluation and explorationHardwareSoftware codesignCo-verification co-simulation and co-emulationDebugging and diagnosisRapid prototyping
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoC ndashndash SoCSoC Design TasksDesign TasksDefinition of system-level design specification (C-based HDLs)Design evaluation and explorationHardwareSoftware codesignCo-verification co-simulation and co-emulationDebugging and diagnosisRapid prototyping
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
111 Introduction to 111 Introduction to SoCSoC ndashndash SoCSoC Design TasksDesign TasksDefinition of system-level design specification (C-based HDLs)Design evaluation and explorationHardwareSoftware codesignCo-verification co-simulation and co-emulationDebugging and diagnosisRapid prototyping
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
113 Conclusion113 ConclusionSoC is Sound of CenturySoC design methodology needs to be studied furtherNew test paradigm and methodologiesChallenges and opportunities in Giga-scale integration for SoC amp Nanometer technologiesSoC amp IP Center in Taiwan
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
121 Introduction121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of ARM Series126 Processor Selection Guide
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
Adoption instruction format is fixed lengthInstruction completeness and simplenessSimply decode instruction formatUse code of optimization to compile
Single cycle instruction facilitate pipeline processingThe instruction decode and data processing are regular and common used Do not need to use complicated hardware control circuit and instruction set decode
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
121 Introduction121 IntroductionRISC features (contrsquod)
Usage large number of registersData processing instruction only operate the registers
Memory access has specially instruction of loading and storingOnly loadingstoring instruction can access memoryImproves the execution time of the instruction
Usage less instruction type and addressing modeBasic addressing has 2 to 3 kinds
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM MicroprocessorARM microprocessor has the following characteristics
Low power consumption low cost small size and high performance Support instruction set of Thumb (16-bit)ARM (32-bit)Usage large number of register hence the execution speed of theinstruction is fasterMost data operating and finishing in the register Addressing is flexible simple and high efficiencyFixed instruction lengthThe biggest cooperative partner in the world
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash V1V1 VersionVersionOnly appear in prototype machine ARM1 The following of basic property
Basic data processing instruction (no multiplication)Have byte half-word and word instructionTransfer instruction include link instruction and sub schedulingSoftware interruption instructionAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV2 Version2 VersionThe version is extension of V1 version such as ARM2 and ARM3 (V2a version) architectureThe version have increased functions as following
Multiplication and multiply-add instructionSupport operable instruction of additional-operatorFast interruption modeExchange instruction of basic memory and register for SWPSWPBAddress space 64MB
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV3 Version3 VersionThe address space increase to 32-bit (4GB)For deal with unusual state easily hence addition of two register
Current Program Status Register (CPSR)Saved Program Status Register (SPSR)
Addition abort and undefined processor modesARM6 adopts this version architecture The instruction set is changed as follows
Addition MRSMSR instruction to access new CPSRSPSR registerAddition return instruction is from unusual state process
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV4 Version4 VersionThe V4 version architecture is used widest ARM system at presentThe Thumb instruction set is added in v4 version that is extension of V3 versionARM7 ARM8 ARM9 and StrongARM are adoption this version architecture The version have increased functions as following
Semiosis unsemiosis half-word and semiosis byte access instruction16-bit Thumb instruction setPerfect software interruption SWI instructionUser-register is operated while the processor mode is peculiar modeUnused instruction space is changed into undefined instruction
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV5 Version5 VersionARM10 and XScale is adoption V5 version architectureThe version have increased instructions as following
Transference BLX instruction of link and exchangeCLZ instruction (zero-offset )BRK interruption instructionSingle process instruction (V5TE version)More can select instruction for additional-operator
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV6 Version6 VersionThe V6 version is presented in 2001Basic characteristic as following
100 of compatibility with previously system architectureSIMD is expanded make processing speeds 175 times fasterImprovement memory management make system performance raise 30V6 version improvement the question that Endian does not align with the dataReal-time system has improved interruption response time 35 cycles under the worst situation will improve to 11 cycles
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
124 ARM System Architecture 124 ARM System Architecture ndashndash VV7 Version7 VersionV7 version is presented at ldquoEmbedded Systems Conference(ESC)San Franciscordquo conference in 2004 it is named CortexV7 according to require divided into A R M three series
A series pays attention to raise operation performance such as PDA and mobile-phone etcR series pays attention to real-time process that reduce data inout delay time and raise insturction prediction accuracy etcM series toward low priced microprocessor
V7A and V7R strengthens the V6 version and V7M reduce the manufacturing cost specially
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeriesARM product series
ARM7 ARM9 ARM9E ARM10 ARM 11 SecurCore Intel XScaleand StrongARM
For example ARM7TDMIARM732-bit integer operations kernel T 16-bit Thumb Instruction SetD On-Chip debugM Enhancement multiplierI Embedded ICE hardware interrupt and test
The following extension represent the choices of different form and function
S Synthetic softcoreE DSP functionJ Jazeller allow to execute Java byte program directly
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
Has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location independent of the location accessed by the previous operation
A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 ARM9 Microprocessor Series125 ARM9 Microprocessor SeriesARM9 family
Catched MacrocellsFive-stage pipeline11 MIPS MHz Support 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busMemory Management Unit (MMU) support Windows CELinuxPalm OSMPU support real-time operation systemSupport data catch and instruction catch
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 ARM9E Microprocessor Series125 ARM9E Microprocessor SeriesARM9E features
The best hardware unit of high performance and low power consumptionDSP extensionEmbeddedICE-RT debug logic11 MipsMHz Five-stage pipeline Tightly Coupled Memory(TCM)Mainly apply to the advanced engine management the instrument instrument security system SetTop Box PDA network computer or intelligent telephone
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM10 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM10 specifics
Support DSP instruction set suitable for high speed digital signal processSix-stage pipelineSupport 32-bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb instruction setSupport 32-bit high speed AMBA busSupport VFP10 float process additional-operatorMMU support Windows CELinuxPalm OSSupport data catch and instruction catchEmbedded collateral readwrite operation component
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)125 ARM11 Microprocessor Series (22)ARM11 specifics
High performance memory system design Supports 4-64k cache sizes ARMv6 memory system architecture accelerates OS context-switch
Vectored interrupt interface and low-interrupt-latency mode speeds interrupt response and real-time performance Optional Vector Floating Point coprocessor (ARM1136JF-S) for automotiveindustrial controls and 3D graphics acceleration
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Microprocessor SeriesMicroprocessor SeriesStrongARM is the embedded processor of Intel company for hand-held consumer electronic device and mobile computing and communicationThe processor that adopts StrongARM architecture have
SA-1StrongARM processor kernelSA-110StrongARM processor kernelSA-1100General processor MPUSA-1110 General processor MPUIXP1200Adoption network processor of StrongARM kernel
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
Kernel SA-1Instruction Cache (I-Cache) 16KBData Cache (D-Cache) 8KBMini Data Cache 512BInstruction Memory Management Unit (IMMU) and Data Memory Management Unit (DMMU) Read and Write Buffer
Memory Control ModuleSupport various ROM FLASH DRAM SRAM and PCMCIA
System Control ModuleGeneral-Purpose interrupt GPIO 28-Pin Watchdog Timer Time interval counter Power management controls Interrupt control and Internal oscillator 2 (inclusion PLL)
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 125 StrongARMStrongARM Specifics (22)Specifics (22)Peripheral control module
LCD driver serial interface UART irDA interface and audio codec interface
The SA-1110 is extension of SA-1100 and increase functions as following
DMA controller 6-channel is to improve the efficiency of LCD display and IO conveying RTCSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI)The SA-1111 chip cooperates with SA-1110 and has expanded PS2 keyboard mouse USB and PCMCIACF interface
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125 125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (12)Microprocessor Series (12)XScale processor is novel embedded processor for wireless portable application productsXScale processor is the embedded processor in application subsystem and communication subsystem of PCA development platformThe clock of XScale microarchitecture processor can reach to 1GHz 1200MIPS and power consumption only 16WIOP310 IOP321 PXA210 PXA 25X PXA 26X and PXA 27X
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
125125 XScaleXScale Microprocessor Series (22)Microprocessor Series (22)XScale processor is a solution based on ARMv5TE architecture that is high cost-effective and low consumptionSupport Thumb instruction and DSP instruction set of 16-bit that has used in digital cellular phone Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and network productsXScale processor that Intel popularizes a ARM microprocessor at present
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide121 Introduction121 Introduction122 Embedded Processor122 Embedded Processor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor123 Feature of ARM Microprocessor124 ARM System Architecture124 ARM System Architecture125 The Products of 125 The Products of ARMARM SeriesSeries126 Processor Selection Guide126 Processor Selection Guide
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
Usage OS such as WinCE or Linux etc need to choose the above ARM720T and have MMU functionARM720TARM920TARM922TARM946TStrong-ARM have MMU functionARM7TDMI has no MMU and unsupported Windows CE and Linux But the uCLinux is an OS not needing MMU to support that can execute on ARM7TDMI hardware platform1
Peripheral circuit within chipSuch as USB IIS LCD controller keyboard RTC ADC DAC and DSP additional-operator etcThe designer wants to analyze system requirement as much as possible adopt peripheral circuit within the chip to finish the necessary function
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
The system operating frequency has determined the handling ability of ARM microprocessor The typical processing speed of ARM7 series of microprocessor are 09MIPSMHz Common ARM7 chip system clock is 20MHz-133MHzThe typical processing speed of ARM9 series of microprocessor are 11MIPSMHz Common ARM9 chip system clock is 100MHz-233MHz ARM10 most can reach 700MHz
Memory capacity within chipThe capacity of most ARM microprocessor chip internal memories is not very largeSuch as the AT91F40162 of ATMEL has chip internal procedure storage space of 2MB
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
131 Embedded System (23)131 Embedded System (23)Electronic devices that incorporate a computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementationHardware and software which forms a component of some larger system and which is expected to function without human interventionA computer is used in such devices primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
131 Embedded System (33)131 Embedded System (33)A typical embedded system consists of a single-board microcomputer with software in ROM which starts running some special purpose application program as soon as it is turned on and will not stop until it is turned off (if ever)An embedded system may include some kind of operating system butoften it will be simple enough to be written as a single program Often it must provide real-time response
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]132 Embedded Operating Systems [13]A program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardwareGoal
Manage system resourcesProvide a development environment applications
Using Systemrsquos APIFacilitate program execution
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)132 Embedded Operating Systems (33)Office-style OSes
PalmOSWindowsCE
RTOSesVxWorksQNX
LinuxLinux is already ubiquitous
Hundreds of different devices are using itSeveral variations-from ldquosoft real timerdquo to ldquohard real timerdquoNumerous commercial + open source products
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
133 Embedded Software (13)133 Embedded Software (13)Principal role
ldquoNot transformation of data but interaction with physical worldrdquoAcquires properties of physical world
Takes timeConsumes powerDoes not terminate (unless it fails)
The development of embedded software components is neededTo help structured system design and system developmentTo reduce the cost of overall system development and maintenance effortsTo support the reuse of components within product families
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
Timeliness systematically removed from theories of computationConcurrency In the physical world multiple things happen at onceLiveness Programs must not terminateReactivity Interactive systems
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
135 Typical XP Embedded Projects135 Typical XP Embedded ProjectsMains powered devicesMultimedia network functionality or large storageCustomer develops desktop XP application
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
14 14 System Prototype Development PlatformsSystem Prototype Development Platforms11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
141 NET141 NET--Start (12)Start (12)A fleet of Embedded Linux SolutionsA true embedded system for engineers to develop their Linux appliancesA complete and reliable RISC platform for IA companies to design their own productsA low cost learning kit for students to practice Embedded Linux systemProduct shipped with uCLinux source code and tool chain
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
141 NET141 NET--Start in Product DevelopmentStart in Product DevelopmentInternet appliancesGPSGPRS Car navigation applicationsSecond storage extensions
Type III CF card slotPCMCIA slotIDE HDD interface
IrDAUSB extensionWireless extensionExcellant for Embedded Linux Cources
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
143 Major Components (12)143 Major Components (12)TC1202ATC1402A Test Chip
250 MHz tested under worst-case conditions (110degC)Altera Stratix FPGA
User-programmable FPGA with32 K 40 K 60 K or 80 K logic elements and 3M RAM bits
16-bit Stereo Codec A sigma-delta codec supports sampling rates of 8 11025 16 2205 24 32 441 and 48 KHz The codec features stereo inputs and outputs and on-board speaker and headphone driver
UART 16550 and RS232 Port A standard UART 16550 and a RS232 transceiver support from 50 bps up to 15 Mbps
USB 20 A microcontroller integrates the USB 20transceiverThe USB 20 interface allows fast USB JTAG emulation and Host Interface through a DPRAM
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
143143 Major Components (22)Major Components (22)Memory
DPRAM Two 2Kbyte dual-ported RAMs support a host interface via USB or via ARMAHB
SDRAM One SDRAM SODIMM module (up to 256 MB)
FLASH Two asynchronous flash devices connected to the external memory bus for programdata (4 MB)
Clock Support Choice of an external clock signal supplied through a SMA connector or an on-board 10 MHz oscillator and integrated PLL for the test chip
Power Supply 5 V 5 A universal power supply (UL and MITI certified)
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
144 Specification of Platform (12)144 Specification of Platform (12)Intel XScale PXA255-400MHz CPU81 inch TFT LCDresolution 640x480 or higherTouch PanelUSB
Host 20 x 2Cypress chipClient 11 x1
MemoryFLASH32 MbytesSDRAM64 Mbytes
JTAG interfaceconnect to simulatorEthernet10BaseTACrsquo97 Audio Codec
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
15 15 Peripheral DevicesPeripheral Devices11 System on a Chip 11 System on a Chip 12 Embedded Processors12 Embedded Processors13 Embedded System and Software13 Embedded System and Software14 System Prototype Development Platforms14 System Prototype Development Platforms15 Peripheral Devices15 Peripheral Devices
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
ReferenceReference[7] Leonid Ryzhyk ldquoThe ARM Architectureldquo httpwwwcseunsweduau~cs924406seminars08-leonidrpdfsearch=22The20ARM20Architecture20PDF22[8] Embedded Operating Systems httpwwwlugpsueduminutescgi[9] Embedded Systems httpwwwlecscsuclaedu~thanosEmbedded_systemsppt[10] Software Engineering Competence center httpwwwseccorgegOther20SECC20PDFsESDUpdf
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt
ReferenceReference[11] CIS 700 Integration of Embedded System Components Principles and Practice httpwwwcisupennedu~lee05cis700slides_pdflec01-emsys-v1pdf[12] Embedded Platform Choices httpwwwmpc-datacoukaboutusPresentationsTheRightPlatformChoicepdf[13] Pukyung National University Embedded System Laboratory httpcalab1pknuackrpdfmacro_processorembedded_ppt1ppt[14] Open Source Embedded System Development Platform httpwwwasia-ossorgsep2004presentationcompanywiscoreforaossppt