Chapter 1-2 Study Guide Social Studies 7 Burnette & Davis Fall 2013.

Chapter 1-2 Study Guide

Social Studies 7

Burnette & Davis

Fall 2013

ER 1 – Domestication

• Domestication is making plants and animals useful to humans

• Plants=year round food supply, surplus, eliminate the need to gather over long distances

• Animals=power supply, protection, and food supply

• Impact = allowed for people to settle

• Created a stable food supply

ER 2 – Impact Today

• Development of cities and towns

• Farmers raise livestock for meat and milk

• Farmers grow crops according to climate and season

• Development of farming technology over time (plows, harvesters, irrigation systems, hybrid foods, etc)

MC 1 - Historians

• Historians are interested in studying the knowledge, beliefs, and customs of people

MC 2 - Archaeologists

• Archaeologists are interested in things that people leave behind throughout history.

• Study sites such as ancient battle fields, settlements, and burial grounds.

MC 3 – What does history teach…?

• History teaches people about their past.

• History teaches people about how their government came into existence.

• History acknowledges triumphs and tragedies.

MC 4 - Culture

• Culture is the beliefs, customs, and art of a group of people

MC 5 – Primary Sources

• A primary source is an account of an event created by someone who took part in the event.

• Examples of primary sources are treaties, letters, diaries, laws, court documents, and royal commands

MC 6 – Secondary Source

• A secondary source is information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event.

• Examples of secondary sources are textbooks, journal articles, and encyclopedias.

• These are often Historian’s opinions on events.

MC 7 – Historians Interpret

• Sometimes, historians interpret events differently because of they form different opinions about the primary sources they study.

MC 8 – Studying History Helps

• Studying history leads you to ask important questions.

• Studying history forces you to analyze facts.

• Studying history helps you identify main facts.

MC 9 – Early Man

• Early forms of man are known as HOMINIDS.

• These are the ancestors of modern man.

MC 10 – Stages of human development

• Homo habilis = “handy man”

• Homo erectus = “upright man”

• Homo sapiens = “wise man”

• All modern humans today are Homo sapiens.

MC 11 - Tools

• Tools helped early humans because they increased the chances for survival.

MC 12 – First skill…

• Early humans developed first the ability to make tools.

• Once they developed tools, many parts of their daily lives were made easier.

MC 13 - Society

• A society is a community of people who share a common culture.

MC 14 – Three reasons language developed

• Language was developed to make hunting easier.

• Language was developed to form new relationships.

• Language was developed to resolve issues like distributing food.

MC 15 – Tools of Middle Stone Age

• People developed more complex tools like fishing hooks and fishing spears out of wood and bone.

MC 16 – Which Stone Age… Religion?

• Historians and archaeologists believe that the first ideas of religion were developed in the OLD STONE AGE (or, the Paleolithic Era) from the Cave Art paintings.

MC 17 – Ice Ages

• Early humans were forced to move to new environments as the result of the Ice Age!!!

MC 18 – Three Stone Ages

• PALEOLITHIC (Old Stone Age) – simple stone tools used for cutting and scraping, cave paintings (art & religion), early language

• MESOLITHIC (Middle Stone Age) – animal skin clothing, shelters and more complex tools out of wood and bone

• NEOLITHIC (New Stone Age) -- domestication of plants and animals, settlement, learned how to make fire

MC 19 – Clothing & Shelter

• People needed better clothing and shelter as they migrated out of Africa because they needed more protection to survive in colder areas.

MC 20 – Neolithic Revolution

• The Neolithic Revolution is defined as the time in history where there was a shift from food gathering to food producing.

• People slowly stopped relying only on hunting and gathering for their food supply and began raising animals and crops.

MC 21 - Farming

• With the development of farming, people were able to create settlements and build permanent shelters

MC 22 – List the order of settlements

1. AFRICA

2. EUROPE & ASIA

3. AUSTRALIA

4. NORTH AMERICA

5. SOUTH AMERICA

MC 23 – Settlement of N. Amer

• A land bridge over the Bering Strait thousands of years ago aided in the settlement of North America. This land bridge connected Russia and Alaska.

MC 24 - Megaliths

• Megaliths are large stone monuments that historians believe were used during religious ceremonies and as monuments to early gods and goddesses during the Neolithic Era.