Chapter 01Test

Chapter 1: Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

Multiple Choice

1. All silicate minerals contain the elements ____________.a. silicon and ironb. silicon and magnesium

c. silicon and calcium d. silicon and sodium e. silicon and oxygen

2. The most abundant element in Earth's crust (by weight) is ____________.

a. oxygen b. silicon c. calcium d. sodium

3. The tendency of minerals to break along smooth flat surfaces is called __________.

a. streak b. fracture c. cleavage d. conchoidal e. polyhedral

4. An atom that loses or gains electrons is called a(n) ____________.

a. isotope b. proton c. nutreno d. neutron e. ion

5. The most common mineral in Earth's crust is ____________.

a. mica b. quartz c. olivine d. feldspar e. hornblende

6. If the atomic number of an element is 6 and its mass number is 14, how many neutrons are contained in the nucleus?

a. 6 b. 20 c. 0 d. 8

e. 84

7. Which of the following is NOT a charac-teristic of minerals?

a. possess a crystalline structure b. formed by inorganic processes c. definite chemical composition d. either liquid or solid e. a unique set of physical properties

8. The most abundant mineral group in Earth's crust is ____________.

a. oxides b. carbonates c. sulfides d. halides e. silicates

9. The central region of an atom is called the ____________.

a. proton b. electron c. neutron d. nucleus e. shell

10. The positively charged particles that com-pose atoms are called ____________.

a. protons b. electrons c. neutrons d. nuclei e. shells

11. Orbiting the central region of an atom are negatively charged ____________.

a. protons b. electrons c. neutrons d. nuclei

12. The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral is called ____________.

a. sheen b. fluorescence

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Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

c. streak d. color e. luster

13. The resistance of a mineral to abrasion is known as ____________.

a. cleavage b. hardness c. resistance d. conchoidal e. fracture

14. The mass number of an atom is obtained by totaling the number of ____________.

a. electrons and protons b. electrons and neutrons c. protons and neutrons d. neutrons and positrons e. positrons and neutrinos

15. The building block of the silicate minerals is called the ____________.

a. silicon-oxygen tetrahedron b. aluminum-silicon tetrahedron c. silicon-oxygen octahedron d. aluminum-silicon octahedron e. none of these

16. The most unreliable (variable) diagnostic property of minerals such as quartz is ____________.

a. hardness b. crystal form c. luster d. specific gravity e. color

17. The mass of an atom is concentrated in its ____________.

a. nucleus b. electron c. neutron

d. angstrom e. isotope

18. Each element is defined by the number of ____________.

a. atoms b. isotopes c. neutrons d. protons e. nuclei

19. A(n) ____________ has a negative charge and a very small mass.

a. neutron b. nucleus c. proton d. isotope e. electron

20. Isotopes of the same element differ in the number of ____________.

a. protons b. electrons c. neutrons d. nuclei e. ions

21. On Mohs hardness scale, which is the softest mineral?

a. talc b. calcite c. quartz d. apatite e. feldspar

22. Which one of the following is NOT one of the eight most common elements in Earth's crust?

a. carbon b. potassium c. aluminum d. calcium e. sodium

23. The definition of a mineral includes words such as ____________.

a. foliated and amorphous b. naturally occurring and crystalline c. clastic and mafic d. organic and solution e. none of the above

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Testbank

True-False:

24. All minerals exhibit cleavage.

25. Rocks are aggregates of one or more minerals.

26. Metallic is a term used to describe a type of luster.

27. The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron is a stable chemical compound.

28. In any uncombined atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

29. Most minerals have a higher specific gravity than water.

30. In the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron there are more silicon atoms than oxygen atoms.

31. All atoms with the same number of protons are given the same name.

32. Over 100 elements are currently known.

33. Among the various silicate minerals, the ratio of oxygen atoms to silicon atoms remains constant.

34. Minerals, like all matter, are composed of elements.

35. A mineral can be composed entirely of one element.

36. Most minerals are economically important.

37. Because silicon-oxygen bonds are strong, silicate minerals tend to cleave between silicon_ oxygen structures rather than across them.

38. The micas exhibit sheet-type cleavage.

39. Nearly 4,000 minerals have been named.

Completion:

40. Most minerals are composed of two or more elements joined to form a chemically stable ____________.

41. The orderly internal arrangement of atoms, which make up a mineral is reflected in the regularly shaped objects we call ____________.

42. The hardest naturally occurring mineral is ____________.

43. When a mineral breaks into smooth curved surfaces, it is said to exhibit ____________ fracture.

44. Mohs scale is used to describe which mineral property? _____________

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Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

45. The tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weak bonding is called ____________.

46. The color of a mineral in a powdered form is known as _____________.

47. When minerals are permitted to form without space restrictions, they will develop __________.

48. An aggregate of one or more minerals is called a ____________.

49. The ____________ is the smallest part of matter that still retains the characteristics of an element.

50. The central region of an atom is known as the ____________.

51. List the two most abundant elements found in Earth's crust. ____________ ____________

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Testbank

Answers to Chapter 1 Test Questions

Multiple Choice:

1. e 7. d 13. b 19. e 2. a 8. e 14. c 20. c 3. c 9. d 15. a 21. a 4. e 10. a 16. e 22. a 5. d 11. b 17. a 23. b 6. d 12. e 18. d

True-False:

24. false 35. true25. true 36. false26. true 37. true27. false 38. true28. true 39. true29. true 30. false31. true 32. true33. false 34. true

Completion:

40. compound41. crystals42. diamond43. conchoidal 44. hardness45. cleavage46. streak47. crystal form48. rock49. atom50. nucleus51. oxygen, silicon

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