Chap1 1 1

FP612FP612WEB PROGRAMMING 2WEB PROGRAMMING 2

By the end of the class, student should be able to: Define the use of AWT Explain the AWT hierarchy

Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) is a set of application program interfaces ( API s) used by Java programmers to create graphical user interface ( GUI ) objects, such as buttons, scroll bars, and windows.

In Java, the AWT API is a package (java.awt) that contains classes from which GUIs are built import java.awt.*;

Consist s of a set of APIs that support: The creation of Graphical User Interface

components such as buttons, labels, checkboxes, scrollbars, menus and etc.

Event-handling that manages the events fired by some GUI components.

Graphics and imaging tools. Layout managers for handling the layouts of

components on windows independent of window size and screen resolution.

AWTEvent

Font

FontMetrics

Component

Graphics

Object Color

Canvas

Button

TextComponent

Label

List

CheckBoxGroup

CheckBox

Choice

Container Panel Applet

Frame

Dialog FileDialog

Window

TextField

TextArea

MenuComponent MenuItem

MenuBar

Menu

Scrollbar

LayoutManager

Java Programming 8

java.awt

javax.swing

Container Panel Window Frame Dialog Applet

Container Description

Container The parent of all classes that can contain other components.

Panel A container used to organize and group components. It is added to another containers

Applet A panel that is displayed in a web browser

Window A window is free floating window on the display that is independent of other containers. Two types of window: Frame and Dialog

Frame A window that has a border and a title bar. It supports the use of menu.

Dialog A popup window is created to deal with a specific situation and cannot have a menu bar.

Container is an abstract subclass of Component, which allows other components to be nested inside it.

Containers are helpful in arranging GUI components on the screen.

Example of container is: Panel Window Applet Frame Dialog

A frame is a subclass of Window.

It is a window with title and resize corners.

Frame is a window that is not contained inside another window.

Frame is the basis to contain other user interface components in Java GUI applications.

Panel like Frames, provide the space to attach any GUI component, including other panels.

Panel is invisible container. Once a Panel object is created, it must be

added to a window or Frame object in order to be visible.

Without panel With panel

Nested panel

A dialog is popup window or message box normally used as a temporary window to receive additional information from the user, or to provide notification that some event has occurred.

A dialog can be either modeless (the default) or modal.

Modal

Modeless

Applet is a container that contain program written in the Java programming language that can be run from a web browser or an applet viewer.

Applet using applet viewer

Applet using web browser

A window must have either a frame, dialog, when it's constructed.

invisible

Window w = new Window( Window owner,GraphicsConfiguration gc); Rectangle bounds = gc.getBounds(); w.setLocation(10 + bounds.x, 10 + bounds.y);

import java.awt.Button; public class PackageTest { /* …….*/}

import java.awt.*; public class PackageTest { /* …….*/}

or

In this class, you learnt the following:

AWT – is a Java package containing standard Graphical User Interface (GUI) elements, drawing primitives, event-handling mechanisms, windows, dialogs, components, layout managers, interfaces

Container is a class that is used to contain other java objects – panel, window, applet, frame and dialog.

By the end of the class, student should be able to: Define the use of Frame in Java programs Create and set the Frame windows Create menu bars in Java programs Write a program with dialog and panels

Use to contain other user interface components in Java GUI applications.

import java.awt.*; public class MyFrame {

public static void main(String[] arg) {MyFrame bingkai= new MyFrame("FrameDemo"); bingkai.setSize(200,100); bingkai.setVisible(true);

}}

setSize (width, height):This is the method of the Frame class that sets the size of the frame or window. This method takes two arguments width (int), height (int).

setVisible(boolean):This is also a method of the Frame class sets the visibility of the frame. The frame will be invisible if you pass the boolean value false otherwise frame will be visible.

A Menu Bar is a set of option that allow the user to choose from any one of the saving option.

Are used to group a number of components A panel cannot be seen directly(do not have border), we

need to add it to a frame

Create a panel.Panel p = new Panel();

Add components to panel.p.add(label1);

Add panel to container.add(p, BorderLayout.CENTER);

By the end of the class, student should be able to: Define swing component and identify its uses. List the swing packages:▪ javax.swing▪ javax.swing.border▪ javax.swing.event

An enhanced GUI component set – tree view, tabbed panes

Swing components are lightweight - Written in Java, not weighed down by complex GUI capabilities of platform

Defined in package javax.swing

Swing components allow programmer to specify look and feel (LAF) Can change depending on platform Can be the same across all platforms

Windows LAF

Motif LAF

.

JButton

JMenuItem

JCheckBoxMenuItem

AbstractButton

JComponent

JMenu

.JRadioButtonMenuItem

.JToggleButton JCheckBox

JRadioButton

.JComboBox

.JInternalFrame .JLayeredPane

.JList .JMenuBar .JOptionPane

.JPopupMenu

.JProgressBar

.JPane

.JFileChooser .JScrollBar .JScrollPane

.JSeparator

.JSplitPane

.JSlider .JTabbedPane

.JTable

.JTableHeader

.JTextField .JTextComponent

.JEditorPane

.JTextArea

.JToolBar

.JToolTip

.JTree

.JRootPane

.JPanel

.JPasswordField

.JColorChooser

.JLabel

Package Name Purpose

javax.swing Provide a set of lightweight components such as JButton, JLabel and much more

javax.swing.border Provides classes and interfaces for drawing specialized borders such as bevel, etched, line and more

javax.swing.event Dealing with events generated by some Java Swing GUI component

javax.swing.border

javax.swing.colorchooser javax.swing.filechooser javax.swing.table javax.swing.undo javax.swing.tree javax.swing.plaf javax.swing.text javax.swing.plaf.basic javax.swing.text.html javax.swing.plaf.metal javax.swing.text.html.parser javax.swing.plaf.multi javax.swing.text.rtf javax.swing.plaf.synth

JFrame construct a new frame

JLabel display area for a short text, an image, or both

JButton component that triggers an action event when clicked

JCheckBox component that enables the user to toggle a choice on or off, like a light switch.

JRadioButton used in the group, where only one button is checked at a time.

JScrollPane component that supports automatically scrolling without coding.

JTextField input area where the user can type in characters.

JTextArea enables the user to enter multiple lines of text.

import javax.swing.JFrame; // import javax.swing.*;public class Frame2 extends JFrame{

public Frame2() { setTitle("Test Frame");//super ("Test Frame"); setSize(400, 200); setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String[] args) { Frame2 a = new Frame2();

a.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);}

}

A label is a display area for a short text, an image, or both.

JLabel(String text,int horizontalAlignment)

JLabel lblName = new Jlabel(“Name”,SwingConstants.LEFT)

JLabel(String text)

JLabel lblName = new JLabel(“Name”)

JLabel(Icon icon, int horizontalAlignment)

Icon cat = new ImageIcon(“cat1.gif");JLabel lblOnel = new JLabel("Label with text and icon", cat, SwingConstants.LEFT)

setText

setIcon

setHorizontalAlignment

setVerticalAlignment

import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*; public class LabelTest extends JFrame {private JLabel label1; // set up GUIpublic LabelTest(){

super( "Testing JLabel" );// get content pane and set its layoutContainer container = getContentPane();container.setLayout( new FlowLayout() );// JLabel constructor with a string argumentlabel1 = new JLabel( "Label with text" ); label1.setToolTipText( "This is label1" ); container.add( label1 );

setSize( 275, 170 );setVisible( true );

} // end constructor

public static void main( String args[] ) { LabelTest application = new LabelTest(); application.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE ); }}

A button is a component that triggers an action event when clicked.

Several types of buttons Command buttons, toggle buttons, check

boxes, radio buttons

JButton(String text)

JButton btnOne = new JButton( "Button" );

JButton(String text,Icon icon)

Icon bug1 = new ImageIcon( "bug1.gif" );

JButton btnOne = new JButton("Fancy Button",bug1 );

import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*;

public class TestButton extends JFrame{ private JButton button; public TestButton() { super(“Button Example”); Container c = getContentPane();

c.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); button= new JButton(“Click Here”); c.add(button); setSize(200,200); setVisible(true); }

public stat ic void main(String[] arg) { TestButton s= new TestButton(); s.setDefaultCloseOperat ion(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } }

Example: Creating Button

A check box is a component that enables the user to toggle a choice on or off, like a light switch.

JCheckBox()

JCheckBox(String text)

JCheckBox(String text, boolean

selected)

JCheckBox(Icon icon)

JCheckBox(String text, Icon icon)

JCheckBox(String text, Icon icon,

boolean selected)

import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*;

public class CheckBox extends JFrame{ private JCheckBox chkBox1,chkBox2;

publ ic CheckBox() { super(“Create CheckBox"); Container s = getContentPane(); s.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); chkBox1 = new JCheckBox("Wira"); chkBox2 = new JCheckBox("Waja",true);

s.add(chkBox1); s.add(chkBox2); setSize(400,200); setVisible(true); }

public stat ic void main(String[] arg) { CheckBox t = new CheckBox(); t .setDefaultCloseOperat ion(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); }}

Radio buttons are variations of check boxes. They are often used in the group, where only one button is checked at a time.

JRadioButton()

JRadioButton(String text)

JRadioButton(String text, boolean

selected)

JRadioButton(Icon icon)

JRadioButton(String text, Icon icon)

JRadioButton(String text, Icon icon,

boolean selected)

JRadioButton rd1= new JRadioButton(“waja”);JRadioButton rd2= new JRadioButton(“wira”);

ButtonGroup btn = new ButtonGroup();btn.add(rd1);btn.add(rd2);

import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*;

public class RadioButton extends JFrame{ private JRadioButton rdButton1,rdButton2;

public RadioButton() { super("Create RadioButton"); Container s = getContentPane();

s.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); rdButton1 = new JRadioButton("wira",true); rdButton2 = new JRadioButton("Waja"); s.add(rdButton1); s.add(rdButton2);

ButtonGroup btn= new ButtonGroup(); btn.add(rdButton1); btn.add(rdButton2);

setSize(400,200); setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String[] arg) { RadioButton t = new RadioButton(); t .setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); }}

If you want to let the user enter multiple lines of text, you cannot use text fields unless you create several of them.

The solution is to use JTextArea, which enables the user to enter multiple lines of text.

JTextArea(int rows, int columns)Creates a text area with the specified number of rows and columns.

JTextArea(String s, int rows, int columns)Creates a text area with the initial text andthe number of rows and columns specified.

JTextArea( s, 10, 15)

import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*;

public class TestTextArea extends JFrame{ private JTextArea txtArea; public TestTextArea() { super(“Create TextArea"); Container c = getContentPane(); c.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); txtArea = new JTextArea(“Type here",5,20); c.add(txtArea); setSize(400,200); setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String[] arg) { TestTextArea s = new TestTextArea(); s.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

}}

A scroll pane is a component that supports automatically scrolling without coding.

Use to text area, list and etc. Constructor

JScrollPane (Component) Component – component that need to have scroll pane

Eg :JTextArea txtArea = new JTextArea(10,12);JScrollPane scroll = new JScrollPane(txtArea);

import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*;

public class Scrol l extends JFrame{ private JTextArea txtArea; private JScrollPane scroll;

public Scroll() { super("Create TextArea with Scroll Pane"); Container c = getContentPane(); c.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); txtArea = new JTextArea(“Type here",5,20); scroll = new JScrol lPane(txtArea); c.add(scroll); setSize(400,200); setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String[] arg) { Scroll s = new Scrol l(); s.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

}}

A text field is an input area where the usercan type in characters.

Text fields are useful in that they enable the user to enter in variable data (such as a name or a description).

JTextField(int columns)Creates an empty text field with the specified number of columns.

JTextField( 10 ) - sets textfield with 10 columns of text

JTextField(String text)Creates a text field initialized with the specified text.

JTextField( "Hi" )

JTextField(String text,int columns)Creates a text field initialized with the specified text and the column size.

getText()Returns the string from the text field.

setText(String text)Puts the given string in the text field.

setEditable(boolean editable)Enables or disables the text field to be edited. By default, editable is true.

setColumns(int)Sets the number of columns in this text field.The length of the text field is changeable.

import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*;

public class TestTextField extends JFrame{ private JTextField txtField1,txtField2,txtField3;

public TestTextField() { super("Membuat TextField"); Container c = getContentPane();

c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

txtField1 = new JTextField(“Enter your ID"); txtField2 = new JTextField(“Please Type",20); txtField3 = new JTextField(10);

c.add(txtField1); c.add(txtField2); c.add(txtField3); setSize(400,200); setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String[] arg) { TestTextField s = new TestTextField(); s.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } }

A combo box is a simple list of items from which the user can choose.

It performs basically the same function as a list, but can get only one value.

To add an item to a JComboBox jcbo, use

jcbo.addItem(Object item)

To get an item from JComboBox jcbo, use

jcbo.getItem()

JComboBox jcbo = new JComboBox();

getSelectedIndex Returns the index of the currently selected item

setMaximumRowCount( n )Eg: setMaximumRowCount( 3 );

Set the maximum number of elements to display when user clicks combo box

Scrollbar automatically provided

import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*;

public class TestComboBox extends JFrame{ private JComboBox jcb; public TestComboBox() { super(“Create combobox"); Container c = getContentPane(); c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

jcb = new JComboBox(); jcb.addItem("wira"); jcb.addItem("waja"); jcb.addItem(“saga”);

c.add(jcb);

setSize(400,200); setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String[] arg) { TestComboBox s = new TestComboBox(); s.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); }}

A list is a component that performs basically the same function as a combo box, but it enables the user to choose a single value or multiple values.

Does not have scrollbar, need to create it.

JList()

Creates an empty list.

JList(Object[] stringItems)

Creates a new list initialized with items.

List Properties selectionMode : determine the selection:

SINGLE_SELECTION ▪ select only 1 item

SINGLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION▪ Select many items from JList and allows

continuous range selection

MULTIPLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION▪ Select many items from JList and allows

discontinuous range selection

import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*;

publ ic class SingleList extends JFrame { private JList l ist ; private JScrollPane scroll; Str ing car [] = {"kancil","kelisa","wira","waja"," iswara" };

public SingleList() { super(“Create single select ion l ist"); Container c = getContentPane(); c.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); l ist= new JList(car) ; l ist.setVisibleRowCount(3); l ist.setSelectionMode(ListSelect ionModel.SINGLE_SELECTION); scroll = new JScrollPane(l ist); c.add(scrol l); setSize(400,200); setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String[] arg) { SingleList t = new SingleList(); t .setDefaultCloseOperat ion(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); }}

import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*;

public class TryPanel extends JFrame { private JPanel panel1; private JLabel label; private JTextField txtField;

public TryPanel() { super("Test Panel"); Container c = getContentPane(); panel1 = new JPanel(); c.add(panel1,BorderLayout.NORTH); panel1.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

label = new JLabel("Name"); txtField = new JTextField(10); panel1.add(label); panel1.add(txtField);

setSize(300,200); setVisible(true); } public static void main(String[] arg) { TryPanel s = new TryPanel(); s.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); }}

A message dialog box simply displays a message to alert the user and waits for the user to click the OK button to close the dialog.

The messageType is one of the following constants:

JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGEJOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGEJOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGEJOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE

Example :

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(Component parentComponent, Object msg, String tit le_bar, int type_of_msg);

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,”User ID salah”,”contoh mesej”, JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);

Msg

tit le_bar

type_of_msg

import javax.swing.*;

public class TestDialog extends JFrame{ public TestDialog() {

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Your user ID is wrong","Message", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"Your user ID is wrong","Message", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);

}

public static void main(String[] arg) { TestDialog s = new TestDialog(); s.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); }}

Java provides several classes—JMenuBar, JMenu, JMenuItem, JCheckBoxMenuItem, and JRadioButtonMenuItem —to implement menus in a frame.

JMenuBar – structure or component to support menus.

A JFrame or JApplet can hold a menu bar to which the pull-down menus are attached.

Menus consist of menu items that the user can select (or toggle on or off).

Create a menu bar with frame. Example :

JFrame frame = new JFrame();frame.setSize(400,200);frame.setVisible(true);JMenuBar jmb = new JMenuBar();frame.setJMenuBar(jmb); //to add a menu bar into the frame

Method setJMenuBar() – use to add the menu bar into the frame

JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu(“File”); // create menus ‘file’JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu (“Help”); // create menus ‘help’jmb.add(fileMenu); // add menus ‘file’ into the menu barjmb.add(helpMenu); // add menus ‘help’ into the menu bar

Menu bar

JMenuItem mnuNew= new JMenuItem(“New”) // create menu item ‘New’fileMenu.add(mnuNew); // add menu item ‘New’ into menus ‘File’JMenuItem mnuOpen= new JMenuItem(“Open”)fileMenu.add(mnuOpen);fileMenu.addSeparator();JMenuItem mnuPrint= new JMenuItem(“Print”) // create menu item ‘Print’fileMenu.add(mnuPrint); // add menu item ‘Print’ into menus ‘File’fileMenu.addSeparator();JMenuItem mnuExit= new JMenuItem(“Exit”)fileMenu.add(mnuExit);

separator

JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu("Help"); // create menus ‘Help’JMenu mnuPerisian = new JMenu("Perisian"); // cipta menu item ‘Perisian’helpMenu.add(mnuPerisian); // add menu item ‘Perisian’ into menus ‘help’JMenuItem mnuJava = new JMenuItem("JAVA"); // cipta sub menu item ‘Java’JMenuItem mnuPascal = new JMenuItem("Pascal"); // cipta sub menu item ‘Pascal’mnuPerisian.add(mnuJava); // add sub menu item ‘Java’ into menu item ‘Perisian’mnuPerisian.add(mnuPascal); // add sub menu item ‘Pascal’ into menu item ‘Perisian’

JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu("Help"); // create menus ‘Help’ // create menu item ‘periksa’JCheckBoxMenuItem mnuPeriksa = new JCheckBoxMenuItem(“periksa”);

helpMenu.add(mnuPeriksa) //add menu item‘periksa’ into menus ‘Help’

JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu("Help"); // create menus ‘Help’

JMenu mnuWarna = new JMenu(“warna”); // create menu item ‘warna’

helpMenu.add(mnuWarna); // add menu item ‘warna’ into menus ‘Help’

JRadioButtonMenuItem mnuHitam = new JRadioButtonMenuItem(“hitam”);JRadioButtonMenuItem mnuMerah = new JRadioButtonMenuItem(“merah”);warna.add(mnuHitam); // add sub menu item ‘hitam’ intomenu item ‘warna’

warna.add(mnuMerah); // add sub menu item ‘merah’ into menu item ‘warna’

ButtonGroup bGroup = new ButtonGroup(); // button group is created

bGroup.add(mnuHitam); // radio button is grouped into bGroup

bGroup.add(mnuMerah); // radio button is grouped into bGroup

Use Alt followed by the key: example Alt+H

JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu("Help");helpMenu.setMnemonic(‘H’);JMenu mnuPerisian = new JMenu("Perisian");mnuPerisian.setMnemonic(‘P’);

Mnemonic

Menu bar

Sub menu item

Menu item

Menus

1. Create frame2. Create menu bar3. Add menu bar into frame 4. Create menus5. Add menus into menu bar6. Create menu item7. Add menu item into menus8. Create sub menu item 9. Add sub menu item into menu item

import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*;

public class TestMenu extends JFrame{ public TestMenu() { setTitle(“Test Menu"); JMenuBar jmb = new JMenuBar(); JMenu fi leMenu = new JMenu("File"); JMenuItem mnuNew= new JMenuItem("New"); f i leMenu.add(mnuNew); JMenuItem mnuAdd= new JMenuItem("Open"); f i leMenu.add(mnuAdd); f i leMenu.addSeparator(); JMenuItem mnuPrint= new JMenuItem("Print"); f i leMenu.add(mnuPrint); f i leMenu.addSeparator(); JMenuItem mnuExit= new JMenuItem("Exit"); f i leMenu.add(mnuExit);

JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu("Help"); helpMenu.setMnemonic('H'); JMenu mnuSoftware = new JMenu(“Software”); mnuSoftware.setMnemonic('P'); JMenuItem mnuJava = new JMenuItem("JAVA"); JMenuItem mnuPascal = new JMenuItem("Pascal"); mnuSoftware.add(mnuJava); mnuSoftware.add(mnuPascal); helpMenu.add(mnuSoftware); JCheckBoxMenuItem mnuCheck = new JCheckBoxMenuItem(“Check"); helpMenu.add(mnuCheck);

JMenu mnuColor = new JMenu(“Color"); helpMenu.add(mnuColor); JRadioButtonMenuItem mnuBlack= new JRadioButtonMenuItem(“Black”); JRadioButtonMenuItem mnuRed = new JRadioButtonMenuItem(“Red"); mnuColor.add(mnuBlack); mnuColor.add(mnuRed); ButtonGroup bGroup = new ButtonGroup();

bGroup.add(mnuBlack); bGroup.add(mnuRed);

jmb.add(fi leMenu); jmb.add(helpMenu);

setJMenuBar(jmb); setSize(400,200); setVisible(true); }

public stat ic void main(String[] arg) {

TestMenu s = new TestMenu();s.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

}}

Write a code based on the interface below

In this class, you learnt the following:

Swing is a set of program components for Java programmers that provide the ability to create graphical user interface ( GUI ) components, such as buttons and scroll bars, that are independent of the windowing system for specific operating system .

Swing features include: All the features of AWT. 100% Pure Java certified versions of the existing

AWT component set (Button, Scrollbar, Label, etc.).

A rich set of higher-level components (such as tree view, radio button, and tabbed panes).

Pluggable Look and Feel.