Chap001

Introduction to Operations

Management

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

You should be able to:1. Define the term operations management2. Identify the three major functional areas of organizations and

describe how they interrelate3. Identify similarities and differences between production and

service operations4. Describe the operations function and the nature of the operations

manager’s job5. Summarize the two major aspects of process management6. Explain the key aspects of operations management decision

making7. Briefly describe the historical evolution of operations management8. Characterize current trends in business that impact operations

management

1-2Student Slides

What is operations?The part of a business organization that is

responsible for producing goods or servicesHow can we define operations

management?The management of systems or processes that

create goods and/or provide services

1-3Student Slides

Goods are physical items that include raw materials, parts, subassemblies, and final products.

•Automobile•Computer•Oven•Shampoo

Services are activities that provide some combination of time, location, form or psychological value.

•Air travel•Education•Haircut•Legal counsel

1-4Student Slides

Suppliers’suppliers

Directsuppliers

Producer DistributorFinal

Customers

Supply Chain – a sequence of activities and organizations involved in producing and delivering a good or service

Student Slides 1-5

Inputs•Land•Labor•Capital•Information

Outputs•Goods•Services

Transformation/Conversion

Process

Control

Measurementand Feedback

Measurementand Feedback

Measurementand Feedback

Value-Added

Feedback = measurements taken at various points in the transformation process

Control = The comparison of feedback against previously established standards to determine if corrective action is needed.

Student Slides 1-6

1. Degree of customer contact2. Uniformity of input3. Labor content of jobs4. Uniformity of output5. Measurement of productivity6. Production and delivery7. Quality assurance8. Amount of inventory9. Evaluation of work10. Ability to patent design

Student Slides 1-7

The operations function includes many interrelated activities such as:

Forecasting Capacity planning Facilities and layout Scheduling Managing inventories Assuring quality Motivating employees Deciding where to locate facilities And more . . .

The scope of operations management ranges across the organization.

1-8Student Slides

The Operations Function consists of all activities directly related to producing goods or providing services.

A primary function of the operations manager is to guide the system by decision making.

System Design DecisionsSystem Operation Decisions

Student Slides 1-9

Every aspect of business affects or is affected by operations

Many service jobs are closely related to operations Financial services Marketing services Accounting services Information services

There is a significant amount of interaction and collaboration amongst the functional areas

It provides an excellent vehicle for understanding the world in which we live

Student Slides 1-10

Operations managerSupply chain managerProduction analystSchedule coordinatorProduction managerIndustrial engineerPurchasing managerInventory managerQuality manager

Student Slides 1-11

Most operations decisions involve many alternatives that can have quite different impacts on costs or profits

Typical operations decisions include: What: What resources are needed, and in what amounts? When: When will each resource be needed? When should the

work be scheduled? When should materials and other supplies be ordered?

Where: Where will the work be done? How: How will he product or service be designed? How will the

work be done? How will resources be allocated? Who: Who will do the work?

1-12Student Slides

Industrial RevolutionScientific ManagementHuman Relations MovementDecision Models and Management ScienceInfluence of Japanese Manufacturers

Student Slides 1-13

Economic conditionsInnovatingQuality problemsRisk managementCompeting in a global economy

1-14Student Slides

In the past, organizations did little to manage the supply chain beyond their own operations and immediate suppliers which led to numerous problems:Oscillating inventory levelsInventory stockoutsLate deliveriesQuality problems

Student Slides 1-15