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Eleventh Edition

1

Introduction to Information SystemsEssentials for the Internetworked E-Business Enterprise

win/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All ri

C h a p t e r

James A. OBrien

3 ComputerHardware

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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 2Introduction to Information Systems


Identify the major types, trends, and uses ofmicrocomputer, midrange, and mainframecomputer systems.

Outline the major technologies and uses of

computer peripherals for input, output, andstorage.

Identify and give examples of the componentsand functions of a computer system.

Identify the computer systems and peripheralsyou would acquire or recommend for a businessof your choice, and explain the reasons for yourselections.

Chapter Objeti!es

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Computer "#stem Cate$ories

ainframeComputers

idrangeComputers

icrocomputers

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%rends in Computer "#stem Capabilities

!irst"eneration

!irst"eneration

Second"eneration

Second"eneration

#hird"eneration

#hird"eneration

!ourth"eneration

!ourth"eneration

!ifth"eneration

!ifth"eneration

$acuum#ubes

$acuum#ubes

Solid%State

Solid%StateIntegrated

Circuits

IntegratedCircuits

&SI, $&SIicro%

processors

&SI, $&SIicro%

processors

"reater'ower,Smaller

!ootprint

"reater'ower,Smaller

!ootprint

Trend:#oward Smaller, !aster, ore (eliable, and &ess Costly

Trend:#oward )asy to 'urchase, and )asy to aintain

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&iroomputer "#stems

Handheld Computers PDA, Information

Appliances

Notebook Computers

Desktop Computers

orkstations

Net!ork "erver

Po!erful microcomputerused in small #ANs

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'etwork Computers and %erminals

Net!ork Computer$%hin Client&

NetPC

Net!ork %erminal

'enefits (ower purhase ost

Easier maintenane

Easier software

distribution andliensin$

Computer platformstandardi)ation

*edued end usersupport re+uirements

Impro!edmana$eabilit#

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Computer "#stem Components

Central 'rocessing *nitCentral 'rocessing *nit

Output

Devices

Cache

emory

'rimary

Storage

SecondaryStorage+evices

Control*nit

&*

Special

'urpose

'rocessors

Output

DevicesInput

Devices

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Input %ehnolo$# %rends

!irst"eneration

!irst"eneration

Second"eneration

Second"eneration

#hird"eneration

#hird"eneration

!ourth"eneration

!ourth"eneration

!ifth"eneration

!ifth"eneration

,unhedCards,aper %ape

,unhedCards,aper %ape

,unhedCards,unhedCards

e# to %ape/iske# to %ape/isk

e#board /ataEntr#,ointin$ /e!iesOptial "annin$

e#board /ataEntr#,ointin$ /e!iesOptial "annin$

0oie*eo$nition%ouh /e!ies1andwritin$*eo$nition

0oie*eo$nition%ouh /e!ies1andwritin$*eo$nition

Trend:#owards +irect Input +evices that re ore -aturaland )asy to *se

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Common Input /e!ies

(e)board

Pointin* Devices

Pen 'ased Computin*

"peech +eco*nition

ptical "cannin*

-a*netic Ink Character

+eco*nition

"mart Cards Di*ital Cameras

l h di i

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Output %ehnolo$# %rends

!irst"eneration

!irst"eneration

Second"eneration

Second"eneration

#hird"eneration

#hird"eneration

!ourth"eneration

!ourth"eneration

!ifth"eneration

!ifth"eneration

'unched Cards'rinted (eportsand +ocuments




'rinted (eportsand +ocuments$ideo +isplays

'rinted (eportsand +ocuments$ideo +isplays

$ideo +isplaysudio (esponses'rinted (eportsand +ocuments

$ideo +isplaysudio (esponses'rinted (eportsand +ocuments

$ideo +isplays$oice (esponsesyperlin/edultimedia+ocuments

$ideo +isplays$oice (esponsesyperlin/edultimedia+ocuments

Trend:#owards Output ethods that Communicate -aturally,0uic/ly, and Clearly

El h Edi iJ A OB i I d i I f i S

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Common Output /e!ies

.ideo utput

C+%

#CD

Printed utput

Ink/et

#aser

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"tora$e %rends

!irst"eneration

!irst"eneration

Second"eneration

Second"eneration

#hird"eneration

#hird"eneration

!ourth"eneration

!ourth"eneration

!ifth"eneration

!ifth"eneration

agnetic+rum

agnetic+rum

agneticCore

agneticCore

agneticCore

agneticCore

&SISemiconductor

emory Chips

&SISemiconductor

emory Chips

$&SISemiconductor

emory Chips

$&SISemiconductor

emory Chips

Trend:#owards &arge Capacities *sing Smaller icroelectronic Circuits

Trend:#owards assive Capacities *sing agnetic and Optical edia

agnetic #apeagnetic +rumagnetic #apeagnetic +rum

agnetic #apeagnetic +is/agnetic #apeagnetic +is/

agnetic +is/agnetic #apeagnetic +is/agnetic #ape

agnetic +is/

Optical +is/

agnetic #ape

agnetic +is/

Optical +is/

agnetic #ape

Optical +is/agnetic +is/Optical +is/

agnetic +is/

'rimaryStorage'rimaryStorage

SecondaryStorage

SecondaryStorage

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,rimar# 2 "eondar# "tora$e &edia

Semiconductor

emory

Semiconductor

emory

agnetic

+is/s!loppy +is/

ard +is/, (I+

agnetic

+is/s!loppy +is/

ard +is/, (I+

agnetic #apeagnetic #ape

Optical +is/s

C+%(O, C+%(

C+%(1

+$+

Optical +is/s

C+%(O, C+%(

C+%(1

+$+

,cc

essSpeedIn

crease

s

Stora

geCap

acity+

ecreas

es

C

ost

per

2it

Increase

s

Direct

Access

Sequential

Access

Direct

Access Sec

ondar

y

Sto

rag

e

Primary

Storage

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Charateristis of &a$neti

/isks

Charateristis of &a$neti

/isks

Cylinders

ccessechanism

ccessrms

(ead31riteeads

+is/s

#rac/s4 Concentric circles

for storing data as magneti5edbits.

Sectors4'ortions of a trac/

#rac/

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Eleventh EditionJames A. O Brien 15Introduction to Information Systems


Chapter "ummar#

A computer s)stem is a s)stem of information

processin* components that perform input, processin*,

output, stora*e and control functions0

%he hard!are components in a computer include input

and output devices, a central processin* unit $CP1&, andprimar) and secondar) stora*e0

%here are three ma/or cate*ories of computers2

microcomputers, midran*e computers and mainframecomputers

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Chapter "ummar# 3ont4

-icrocomputers are used as personal computers, but are

also interconnected in a variet) of telecommunications

net!orks0

-idran*e computers are increasin*l) bein* used as

po!erful net!ork servers and for man) multi3userbusiness data processin* and scientific applications0

-ainframe computers are lar*er and more po!erful and

are used to handle information processin* needs for

lar*e or*ani4ations 0

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i /M G Hill C i ht 2002 Th M G Hill C i I All i

Chapter "ummar# 3ont4

Peripheral devices used for input and output come in a

variet) shape and si4es0 5uture trends are to!ards

devices that communicate naturall) and are 6uick and

easier to use0

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