Changes Under Mao - Industry

Changes under Mao: 1949-1963

Learning Objectives:To examine how industrial reforms altered China between 1949-1957

Key Words: Common

ProgrammeAgrarian Reform

LawPeoples Courts

Speak Bitterness Meetings

Mutual Aid TeamsCo-Operatives

CollectivesFive Year Plan

StarterPropaganda poster:

New view in the rural village, 1953

LO: To examine how the agricultural and industrial reforms altered China between 1949-1957

• How useful is this poster to an historian who wants to study Chinese agriculture under Mao Zedong?

• Describe how the Agrarian Reform Law changed Chinese agriculture?

• Explain how successful the Agrarian Reform Law was?

How did Industry Change?

• When the CCP took over the economy was in ruins. Industry had been destroyed and inflation was over 1000%.

• Mao introduced a series of measures to deal with this chaos:

1. Mao ordered prices and wages to be fixed at a low rate. He punished black

marketeers severely. Inflation was down to 15% within a year.

2. He increased the taxes paid by business and in 1953 took over all businesses.

Government planned and organised what should be produced.

3. He took over private banks and introduced the ‘People’s Bank’ in 1951 and a new currency the Yuan introduced. This

helped to stabilise the currency.

4. Railway links were repaired and taken over by government so that industries

could be supplied with coal.

LO: To examine how the agricultural and industrial reforms altered China between 1949-1957

• By 1953 the economy had stabilised and Mao began the first 5 Year Plan.

• With the help of the USSR he began an ambitious programme to build new industries.

• Thousands of Russian scientists and engineers supervised millions of Chinese on over 700 major projects.

The Five Year Plan 1953-1957

What does the above poster tell us?

LO: To examine how the agricultural and industrial reforms altered China between 1949-1957

Nanjing Bridge over the Yangzi River

Steel -bridge spars

Girders – Steel

Steel -Deisel engine

Steel – railway lines

Steel - pipes

Iron -Railings

Steel - Motor Vehicles

Iron – lamp posts

Ships

IRON COAL CEMENT OIL RUBBER

Why did Mao want to develop Heavy Industries first?

LO: To examine how the agricultural and industrial reforms altered China between 1949-1957

The idea for Five Year Plans was borrowed from Stalin’s Russia. It involved the ideas of: • NATIONALISATION - Private businesses and industries

are taken over and run by the national government – state control.

• CENTRAL PLANNING - All decisions about the economy are decided by the central [national] government.

• TARGETS / QUOTAS - To increase output the government sets production ‘targets’ which have to be met within a 5 year time span.

• INCENTIVES - To encourage workers [and supervisors] to work harder to reach the targets set, ‘incentives’ are offered eg. bigger food ration, better apartment, better schooling for their children.

How was the 5 Year Plan organised?

LO: To examine how the agricultural and industrial reforms altered China between 1949-1957

• The plan achieved astounding results. Motivated Chinese workers surpassed all the targets.

• In five years, China was criss-crossed with railways which moved vital goods over vast distances.

• The population of cities soared as peasants moved to the jobs created in the new industries.

The Five Year Plan 1953-1957

LO: To examine how the agricultural and industrial reforms altered China between 1949-1957

Production figures before the start of the 1st Five

Year Plan.

Expected production figures at end of 1st Five Year Plan.

Compare 1957 figures with 1952 figures.

SSSF???F???S

Were these failures?

How successful was the first Five Year Plan?

LO: To examine how the agricultural and industrial reforms altered China between 1949-1957

• PRIDE - in helping to build a strong, modern and industrialised China with a 9% growth rate.

• CONCERN - due to increasing shortages both of food and luxury and consumer goods. Why were there shortages?

• FOOD - Most surplus farm produce was being sent overseas to buy machinery for China’s industries.

• LUXURY AND CONSUMER GOODS - The Chinese economy was focused on developing heavy industries, there were few resources available for consumer products - soap, clothing, etc.

• CONCERN - movement of peasants from countryside into the cities to work in the new industries. More mouths had to be fed. (1949-57 went from 57 to 100 million)

The Five Year Plan 1953-1957

LO: To examine how the agricultural and industrial reforms altered China between 1949-1957

Use your text books (pg.30-33) and your own knowledge to answer the below questions.

The Five Year Plan 1953-1957

Reasons for the plan

Industries

Success and failures

Soviet Help

LO: To examine how the agricultural and industrial reforms altered China between 1949-1957

• Read ‘The Hundred Flowers’ (pg.33) and make notes. • Complete question C on pg.33• Read the worksheet on the ‘Hundred Flower Campaign’ and

complete the tasks on this sheet.

Homework: The Hundred Flower

Campaign

LO: To examine how the agricultural and industrial reforms altered China between 1949-1957