Changes in the UK Visa and Immigration Rules after the 9/11 Event – Effects on non-EU Nationals Presented by: Supervisor:

Changes in the UK Visa and Immigration Rules after the 9/11

Event – Effects on non-EU Nationals

Changes in the UK Visa and Immigration Rules after the 9/11

Event – Effects on non-EU Nationals

Presented by:

Supervisor:

Objectives

Introduce general content of the paper

Report the results of the paper

Find out the positive and negative effects of

the changes on the British society

Contents

I. Background information

II. The study

III. Consequences

Background informationThe 9/11 event

The most terrible terror attack on America

Twin Towers, Pentagon destroyed

About 3,000 people killed

Background informationImpacts of the 9/11 event on the UK’s

immigration policy

Alarm of Terrorism in all the world

Tightening the security policies

Immigrants as terror-threats: Non-EU nationals in the UK Changes in Immigration policy

Background informationMethodology

Existing information and Content analysis

Contents

I. Background information

II. The study

III. Consequences

The study

1. Changes of the UK Visa and Immigration rules

2. Effects of the UK Visa and Immigration policy changes on non-EU nationals

3. Analysis of the change core

Changes of the UK Visa and Immigration rules

Changes before September 11 2001

Changes after September 11 2001

Changes before September 11 2001

After World War II: two contrasting trends:

1950s - 1970s:

limitation of immigrants - integration in British society.

1979 – 1997: conservative era – asylum-seekers

Limitation of immigrants from non-EU nations

Free movement of people from the UK and the EU

Changes after September 11 2001

Source: bbc news

Changes after September 11 2001

Internal changes

External changes

Internal changes

Identity management

Increased employer compliance

More public service compliance

Regularization

External changes

Points-Based System (PBS)

UK Border Agency (UKBA)

Points-Based System

Tier 1: High skilled individuals.

Tier 2: Skilled workers.

Tier 3: Low skill workers.

Tier 4: Students.

Tier 5: Youth mobility and temporary workers.

UK Border Agency

On 3 April 2008

Source: UK Border Agency

UK Border Agency

3 strategic objectives

10 key changes

Controlling the immigration and

protecting from crime.

Effects of the UK Visa and Immigration policy changes on

non-EU nationals

Major changes

Non-EU students

Non-EU labours

Non-EU dependents

Asylum seekers

Reduction of non-EU net immigration

Non-EU Students

Key changes

New requirement for education providers

Tier 1 (post study work visa) to a form of Tier 2

English language skill & financial maintenance

Working fewer hours

Non-EU labours

Key changes

Annual cap on non-EU workers: Intra-Company transfers (ICTs)

Minimum income for ICTs

Higher English skill requirement

Closure of Tier 1 (Post study work) replaced with Exceptional talent route

Non-EU dependents

Key changes

Cap on nuclear families

Standard of English skill for non-EU nationals

Minimum income for sponsors

Asylum seekers

Figure 2: The annual number of asylum applications made since 2001 Legend:

(1) Non-suspensive appeals process

(2) Juxtaposed Controls

(3) Detained Fast Track Source: http://www.gov.uk

Analysis the core of the changes

Job issue

Political issue

Housing issue

Analysis the core of the changesJob issue

Attitude of the British

56%

21%

23%British people want-ing to cut immigra-tion by "a lot"

British people want-ing to cut immigra-tion by a bit

Other opinions

Result of the British Attitude Survey in 2014

Source: http://www.independent.co.uk

Analysis the core of the changesJob issue

1995 20110%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

12%

21%

12%

32%

15%

38%

The British EEA immigrants Non-EEA immigrants

Percentage of the UK and immigrant population holding university degrees

Source: The Fiscal Effects of Immigration to the UK

Analysis the core of the changesJob issue

Government:

- Passed and gradually carried out immigration bills and policies.

- After the 9/11 event, gave out the goal of security & anti-terrorism to cut sharply immigrants.Þ The root purpose:

unemployment reduction in British workers.

Source: http://ivarfjeld.com

Analysis the core of the changesPolitical issue

Founded in 1993Þ An extreme young

political party.Now, receiving much more British supports thanks to immigration cutting plans.Source: https://www.british-

history.ac.uk

Analysis the core of the changesPolitical issue

Coaliation government: failed to meet the target of cutting immigrants to “ten thousands” => face difficulty in gaining British voters.

=> Membership of the Conservatives, the

Labour and the Liberal

FALL

The UKIP’s membership

INCREASE

Analysis the core of the changesHousing issue

- The estimated number of new immigrants: about 65,000 people/year.

- In fact, above 172,000 new migrants.

=> Housing crisis

- 1.5 million new houses (30%) of total new houses: required by immigration over the next 20 years.

Contents

I. Background information

II. The study

III. Consequences

Consequences

Positive Effects

Unemployment reduction

Selecting the brightest and the best

Negative Effects

Economic impact

The UK reputation

ConsequencesPositive Effects

Unemployment reduction

In 1997, 3 in 4 jobs in Britain: for immigrants.

In 2012, 65% new jobs: for Britons.

From Oct to Dec 2012, extra 197,000 Britons

found full-time jobs.

=> a successful sign for the government’s effort.

ConsequencesPositive Effects

Selecting the brightest and the best

“Transformation of immigration policy” will leave room for only “the

brightest and best”.

Damian Green _ Immigration Minister

Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk

ConsequencesPositive Effects

Year

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

United

Kingdom 3579 3291 3085 3173 4299 4292 5211 5806

Number of patents in the UK 2006 - 2013

Source: http://www.uspto.gov

ConsequencesNegative Effects

Economic impact

• Immigrants = 8% the UK population: 10%

GDP.

• The new arrivals: £25bn.

Overseas students: worth £5bn per year.

: worth £16.9 billion by 2025.

ConsequencesNegative Effects

The UK reputation• The UK: an ideal country for immigrants• Discrimination towards migrants: • Foreign students:

52%: a negative impression on immigration cutting.

20%: “isolated” feeling.

Conclusion

The core of the changes

The positive and negative changes

References

Adamson, F. (2006). Crossing Borders: International Migration and National Security (Vol. 31). Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Barrow, B. (2013, February 20th). At last, most new jobs are filled by British workers thanks to stricter immigration policies. Retrieved March 5, 2014, from Mail Online: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2282007/At-new-jobs-filled-British-workers-thanks-stricter-immigration-policies.html

Center for Economic Performance. (2012). Immigration and the UK Labour Market: The latest evidence from economic research. London: London School of Economics & Political Science.

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