Dec 21, 2015
Change is a Process
Organizational Stages
Individual Stages (ADKAR)
Business NeedConcept and Design
ImplementationPost-Implementation
AwarenessDesire
KnowledgeAbility
Reinforcement
The Processes
Stage DescriptionAwareness of need for change -- reasons, and degree of comprehension
Desire to participate and support -- motivating factors and consequences and level
Knowledge about how to change -- skills and insights
Ability to implement new skills and behaviors -- evaluate level and determine shortcomings
Reinforcement to keep the change in place -- incentives and constraints to make it stick
For Individual Change Management
Large Systems Implementation
Get Started: Situational Analyzes: Audit Assessment I
It takes too log to respond to changes in the industry.
We want to improve on our production capacity Need to centralize accounting
Audit Assessment I and II End Result Match it’s true needs. Generate competitive advantages in the
short run. Are consistent with the company’s long-
term strategy.
Large Systems Implementation Getting Ready
First Cut Education What is ERP?
Is it for us? Does it make sense for our business?
What will it cost?
What will it save? What are the benefits we’ll get if we do it the right way?
Large Systems Implementation
Who needs first-cut education Top management
Operational management
End users
Large Systems Implementation Mission Statement
The executives’ and managers’ knowledge of: The company and its problems. (Where are we today?)
Its strategic direction. (Where are we going?) Its operating environment. (What does the
marketplace require?) Its competition. (What level of performance would
gain us a competitive advantage in that marketplace?)
Measurable What was learned in first-cut education.
Large Systems Implementation
Why Cost/Benefit Analysis Job 1 is to run the business. Job 1’ Need top management commitment Fund allocation
Large Systems Implementation
Cost/Benefit Analysis Cost analyzes
A = People B= Data C= Computer
Large Systems Implementation
Go/No-Go Decision Are we financially ready Are we resource ready Are we priority ready Are we psychologically ready
Large Systems Implementation
The Written Project Charter Vision statement
What the company will look like following implementation
Levels of performance to be achieved
Costs and benefits, and time frame.
Large Systems Implementation Launching the Project
Form Project Leaders Full-time
Internal person
Should have an operational background
Carefully selected Deep organizational knowledge, good
interpersonal skills,
Large Systems Implementation
Launching the Project Project Team This is the group responsible for
implementing the system at the operational level.
The project team consists of relatively few full-time members
Large Systems Implementation Launching the Project
Project Team jobs include: Establishing the ERP project schedule. Reporting actual performance against the schedule. Identifying problems and obstacles to successful
implementation. Making decisions, as appropriate, regarding priorities,
resource reallocation, and so forth. Making recommendations, when necessary, to the
executive steering committee Doing whatever is required to permit a smooth, rapid,
and successful implementation of ERP at the operational level of the business.
Large Systems Implementation Project Team Meeting
A typical meeting would consist of:
Feedback on the status of the project schedule—what tasks have been completed in the past week, what tasks have been started in the past week, what’s behind schedule.
A review of an interim report from a task force that has been addressing a specific problem.
A decision on the priority of a requested enhancement to the software.
A decision on questions of required functionality to meet the specific business need.
Identification of a potential or real problem. Perhaps the creation of another task force to address the problem.
Initiation of necessary actions to maintain schedule attainment.
Large Systems Implementation
Executive Steering Committee Consists primarily of the top
management group in the company.
It’s mission is to ensure a successful implementation.
The project leader is on the steering committee for communication purposes
Large Systems Implementation Executive Steering Committee
Meets once or twice a month
Review of the project’s status. The project leader reports on progress relative to
the schedule. The seriousness of schedule delays are
explained. The critical path is reviewed and plans to get the
project back on schedule are outlined. Additional resources required are identified, and
so on.
Large Systems Implementation The Torchbearer
The term torchbearer refers very specifically to that executive with assigned top-level responsibility for ERP.
The role of the torchbearer is to be the top-management focal point for the entire project.
Typically, this individual chairs the meetings of the executive steering committee.
Two group
structure