CHAN, KELVIN C. Parts 1-3 with Related Appendices

CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUNDI.1 GENERAL OVERVIEWChapter 1 focuses on the background of the studies, the statement of the problem, the goals & objectives, the significance of the study, the scope & limitations, the assumption, and the conceptual framework.

I.1.1 INTRODUCTIONUrban areas today are suffering from congestion due to lack of land resources that would cater all the basic human needs of every individual. In response to the fast growing issue, the conceptualization of vertical planning of buildings was taken into consideration. The construction of high-rise mixed use buildings are increasing. In the past decade, impact of tall buildings in shaping the urban development, is a great and effective response to exploring questions of density, alternative land use patterns and sustainability. It has been evident that vertically planned buildings consume lesser land area than those of that horizontally planned. Also, vertically planned buildings are more open to future expansion, without having to consider the availability of land.

I.1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYPrison design has always been a challenging yet unavoidable issue in the society. One major problem globally with prison nowadays is overcrowding. The concept of overcrowding does not only cover the number of people, but also the lack distribution of resources.Prison overcrowding is a major public health, humanitarian and security concern in most countries. Penal reform and the solution to prison overcrowding are badly needed, especially in most developing countries.Overcrowding in prisons results to shifting in sleeping routines of inmate primarily because of lack of beddings and the lack of space (Atencia, 2012). Research shows that in 117 countries, overcrowding in prisons is felt where the total prison capacity does not meet the number of prisoners. Overcrowding is often defined as the cause of rising crime rates, but according to many, overcrowding is the direct consequence of criminal justice policy, not the other way around. Also, that it disables the ability and resources of prison systems to meet basic human needs, such as sanitation, hygiene, healthcare, food, security, recreation and accommodation.Overcrowding, as well as related problems such as lack of privacy and resources, can also cause serious mental health problems, and increase rates of violence, self-harm and suicide.Philippines main correctional facilities for sentenced inmates are all managed by the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor); one facility, of which headed by this organization, is The New Bilibid Prison in located in Muntinlupa. This maximum security penitentiary is Luzons main prison which currently houses 21,000 inmates. The congested prison facility allows inmates to freely roam around within the compounds. Recently, President Benigno Aquino III signed into law a consolidated House and Senate bill that seeks to modernize the Bureau of Corrections. RA 10575 otherwise known as The Bureau of Corrections Act of 2013, mainly gives importance to upgrade prison facilities in the Philippines.Jail congestion is considered as one of the biggest problems of the Bureau of Jail and Management Penology, an agency of the Department ofInterior and Local Government, and the Bureau of Corrections, an agency under the Department of Justice. Overcrowding is a hazard to health in many prisons in the Philippines (Laserna Jr., 2010) and remains to be a serious concern. Ratio of prison facilities in the Philippines is not enough against the number of detainees.Urban settings are in need of developments in design practices, being sustainability, which reduces energy, food, and water cost, as the most efficient solution to innumerable issues rising in institutional establishments catering long-term residents, such as prisons.

I.1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMFor academic purposes, the researcher confined himself to the main research question that shall endeavor to answer deliberately whether vertical planning is a solution to the fundamental issues concerning vertical planning as a solution to overcrowding, lack of resources, violence & health concerns of a prison.The paper aims to highlight the vertical planning of prison. Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions: How will the 3 elements of vertical planning be incorporated in the vertical prison? How will vertical planning contribute to the better distribution of resources? How will vertical planning, psychologically, lessen the violence on prison? How will overcrowding on prisons be eliminated by the implementation of vertical planning?

I.1.4 PROJECT GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIESThis papers main goal is to improve ecological, social, and economic status of prison facilities that would benefit the living environment, being the incorporation of the three elements of vertical planning; structural, vegetation, and function, to the design as the main approach, thus establishing several objectives that would help meet the goal. Objectives are as follows:ECOLOGICAL To be able to provide a sustainable solution to the growing problem of overcrowding in prison facilities; Installation of vertical farm in the design of prison facilities;SOCIAL To eliminate health problems caused by overcrowding; To apply psychological simulation in prison facilities;ECONOMIC Application of vertical farm as self-sustained prison

I.1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYIn the height of the need of prisons to overcome the issues on congestion, lack of resources, violence and health problems, the researcher aims to improve the facilities of and within a prison. The researcher is in quest to forefront the enormous benefits of providing a habitable and humane space that would enhance inmates mental refuge and psychological well-being. This paper seeks to contribute to existing knowledge and explore the importance of the integration of vertical planning to a prison facility. This study sought to generate useful literature to promote integration of the innovation that offers useful recommendation and measures to aid in the realization of the effects of vertical planning to the current issues on prisons.The output of this research further sought to benefit and assist: Architects and Architecture students; that they may be able to uplift their hunger for improvement in the Design process. Also, that they may include such solution in future architectural projects. Bureau of Corrections, BuCor; that this may serve as a proposal to anticipate the construction of vertical prisons as a solution to congestion issues. Also, that this may serve as a reference to solve current social, economic, ecological and environmental issues on prisons of today.

I.1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONThis research has many structural and other components which are difficult to study in depth. Time constraint was a limiting factor because the study had to be concluded within 3 term of nine months. Availability of funds was also a limiting factor to the study since the researcher was self-sponsored. Despite all odds, extensive efforts were made to obtain the relevant material and data. Hence, to elucidate the delimitation of the study, the researcher tries to confine itself to single out the study to explicitly convince the discerning identified aspects only.The study was restricted and shall only centralize on the identified issues, objectives, concepts and principles as covered and as related to the researchers main problem statement, i.e., whether vertical planning is a solution to the fundamental issues concerning vertical planning as a solution to overcrowding, lack of resources, violence & health concerns of a prison. In addition, this paper shall only include health problems caused by overcrowding, vertical planning in terms of function (space and security), aesthetic (ventilation, vegetation) and structural (low rise, medium rise or high rise).

I.1.7 ASSUMPTIONSIn the studies on hand, it is evident that vertical planning may be used in several building types, including schools, colleges, and universities, hospitals, residential, office and commercial buildings. Vertical planning in the development of other building types has the same effects and benefits in prisons. It is an effective and efficient solution for future consideration: expansion, overcrowding & other issues.

1.8 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

I.1.9 DEFINITIONS AND TERMSI.1.9.1 GENERAL DEFINITION OF TERMS1. Correctional Facility a prison, especially for long-term confinement;2. Economic referring to the use of income, wealth and the like;3. Ecological a branch of biology that deals with the interaction between every living organism and the environment;4. Elements pertains to the structural, aesthetic and function of the building;5. Incarceration- the act of incarcerating, or putting in prison or another enclosure;6. Inmate- a person who is confined to an institution such as a prison or hospital;7. Overcrowding pertaining to an undesirable excess in number of people in a particular area;8. Penitentiary a state or federal prison for convicted felons;9. Prison- a building for the confinement of persons held while awaiting trial, persons sentenced after conviction, etc.;10. Prison Cell a room where a prisoner is kept;11. Prisoner - one who resides in a prison;12. Sustainable the ability of the structure to support itself in the future;13. Vertical Farm incorporation of planting greens within and as a part of a vertical structure;14. Vertical Planning planning of elements vertically;I.1.9.2 BuCor DEFINITION OF TERMS1. Prison refers to a penal establishment under the control of the Bureau of Corrections and shall include the New Bilibid Prison, the Correctional Institution for Women, the Leyte Regional Prison and the Davao, San Ramon, Sablayan and Ihawig Prison and Penal Farms;2. Inmate refers to a national prisoner or one sentenced by a court to serve a maximum term of imprisonment of more than three (3) years or to a fine of more than one thousand pesos (P1,000); or regardless of the length of the sentence imposed by the court, to one sentenced for violation of the customs law or other laws within the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Customs or enforceable by it, or for violation of immigration and elections laws; or to one sentenced to serve two (2) or more prison sentences in the aggregate exceeding the period of three (3) years, whether or not he has appealed. It shall also include a person committed to the Bureau by a court or competent authority for safekeeping or similar purpose. Unless otherwise indicated, inmate shall refer to a detainee;3. Bureau refers to the Bureau of Corrections;4. Department refers to the Department of Justice

I.1.10 ACRONYMS1. BJMP Bureau of Jail and Management Penology;2. BuCor Bureau of Corrections;3. NBP New Bilibid Prison;4. PNP Philippine National Police

I.2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIESThis chapter focuses on the studies and theories of others that would help enhance and support the entire research paper. It includes prison history, vertical farming, overcrowding, lack of resources and case study.

I.2.1 RELATED LITERATURE

I.2.1.1 DIFFERENCE OF PRISON AND JAIL Often, the terms jail and prison are used interchangeably. People think whether of the two are both places where people who commit crime go until such crime is paid.We all know that incarceration of any kind is an unpleasant experience. The policies, rights, and daily activities of an inmate vary between jails and prisons. What really differentiates a prison from a jail?The main difference between the two is the length of stay of inmates. Jails are run by the local government agencies that cater short-term stay for those inmates awaiting their trials. Prisons, on the other hand are by a state government, or the Bureau of Corrections, in the case of the Philippines. Prisons hold individuals convicted of more serious crimes or felony. Prisons provide different programs to inmates depending on their level of custody.Because jails are designed for short-term stay, they tend to have fewer amenities, while prisons provide extensive amenities, in most cases; they provide exercise areas or the grounds, common areas for inmates to be able to socialize, church facilities, and most importantly, educational facilities.

I.2.1.2 BUREAU OF CORRECTIONSPrisons in the Philippines are run by the Bureau of Corrections, which is an agency under the Department of Justice. Operations of the agency are guided by the Bureau of Corrections Operating Manual that focuses on safekeeping of inmates confined in national penal establishments (Ongkiko, Ursua, 2013).The Bureau of Corrections is formerly known as the Bureau of Prisons under the Administrative Code of 1987 and Proclamation No. 495, issued on the 22nd of November 1989.Recently, President Benigno Aquino III signed into law a consolidated House and Senate bill that seeks to modernize the Bureau of Corrections. RA 10575 otherwise known as The Bureau of Corrections Act of 2013, mainly gives importance to upgrade prison facilities in the Philippines. This is a new beginning for BuCor. With the new law, we can now improve prison facilities, recruit more corrections officers, and implement more responsive reformation programs for inmates. One of our long-term goals is to meet international standards in prison administration as required by the new law Justice Secretary Leila De LimaThe Act took effect on the 15th of June 2013.Under the new Act, it states that prisons and penal farms must have facilities that would cater for the inmates benefits; such as dormitories, a hospital, a recreation and training center, a workshop area and a visiting area (Maruenas, Calonzo, 2013).

I.2.1.3 PRISON HISTORY Incarceration is the concept of restricting ones freedom as a significant punishment for crime and is measured depending on the severity of the crime done.

In the United States, the first prisons were made and functioned as penitentiaries, which denotes their detainees as religious penitents who pay and serve time as punishment for their sins. Penitentiaries of the early times were what people look up to for their goals of making a disciplined society. But after all the efforts and high moral aims, penitentiaries became dirty, dangerous and overcrowded. Until today, maintaining control over the increasing population in jails has been the primary task.

Photos from: http://www.adpsr.org/home/prison_history By the late 19th Century, prisons have become a reformatory movement, aiming to redefine the role of prisons that reforms inmates into model citizens, by providing work, education and ldg.ling inside the facility. Prisoners were separated according to age and gender. Minors were separated from adult prisoners for the first time. And again, after all the efforts of the reformatory movement, prison conditions still deteriorates to a need for control over hostile and inhumane conditions.

Two further waves of reform characterize the 20th Century. A 1930s building wave of rural institutions, where it was assumed to be a help to rehabilitate prisoners, made a major increase in the size of individual facilities, thus leading to the nickname of prisons as Big House. Architecture played a major role in coming up with the better prisons, especially in the aspects of attempting to provide more daylight and a less oppressive atmosphere within the facility. The attempt to meet the basic needs in hygiene and safety failed due to the number of prisoners at a time. There also came a time in the early 1950s, when even modern social scientists took part in the treatment of prisoners, with the help of sociologists, counselors, and more new buildings aiming to make more humane environments. Prisons were switched to the word Corrections to describe the bureaucracies efforts to administer the correctional needs of prisoners. In this, architects of the 50s and 60s provided additional facilities for learning, socialization, activities and rehabilitation in prisons to make it less intimidating. Yet again, after all the efforts of the government, the sociologists, counselors, and architects to a gentler Corrections approach, riots in prisons and frequent presence of prisoner abuse became more common which led to a vocal prisoners rights movement.

I.2.1.4 VERTICAL FARMING Photo from: http://skygreens.appsfly.com/Media Vertical Farming is a method of high-tech farming in high-rise buildings that primarily aims to provide alternative solutions and resources to solve the problems in mass production of food (Fears, 2010). At present, land used for the production of food is diminishing, also population rates get higher as years go by, food scarcity will no longer be a shocker in the next few years, and may be the biggest problem we have to deal with. Also, vertical farming is one of the key components in sustainability, organic and green architecture.To be able to live and survive on the surface of the moon and other planets, the practice of using vertical farming is one thing we have to master (Banerjee, 2009) In the Philippines, a House Bill known as the Urban Agriculture Act of 2011 was introduced by Hon. Catalina Cabrera-Bagasina, which seeks to promote urban farming and vertical farming in cities to solve food production concerns and the evident disfunctioning of the ecosystem today.

The Bureau of Corrections is currently finding its way to greener and healthier prisons. The Director of the said agency, USEC Oscar C. Calderon had ordered the cultivation and propagation of medicinal plants and the establishment of herbal gardens in the prison and penal farms.

I.2.2 RELATED STUDIES

1.) VERTICAL FARM

Dragonfly Vertical Farm Concept by Vincent Callebaut ArchitectsAdvantages: Function:-Every town will possess its own native food source in the safest way possible, where no drop of water or particle of light is wasted, and where a simple elevator ride can transport you to natures grocery store.-No weather-related crop failures due to droughts, floods, pests -All vertically farmed food is grown organically: no herbicides, pesticides, or fertilizers -Vertical farming virtually eliminates agricultural runoff by recycling black water -Vertical farmingreturns farmland to nature, restoring ecosystem functions and services -Vertical farminggreatly reduces the incidence of many infectious diseases that are acquired at the agricultural interface Beauty:-Vertical farmingconverts abandoned urban properties into food production centers, hence beautifying the environment rather than to stay dull.-Vertical farmingcreates sustainable environments for urban centers, thus creating a busy place that is more pleasing to the eye than a place with less people. Structural:-Easier access to rooms because of the use of elevators rather than stairs-Structural work were expensive at first but as time goes by, it will gain the cost expenditure and gain more profit since the high rise building is capable of receiving natural lighting and ventilation.

2.) One Central Park by Arch. Jean Nouvel together with Bertram BeisselFUNCTION:-In a land area with dense population, high rise residential building is the key answer to minimize the usage of lot and to provide a park or an oasis to the city.-Because it is a high rise building, it is capable of helping the environment to clean air by means of vertical garden.-Because of its vertical garden and other sun shades, the inside of the building is way cooler than that of the outside of the environment, even with natural ventilation.BEAUTY:-The vertical garden became a tourist spot of the place, since in a busy city, people desire of enlightenment whereas the structure gives an essence of nature.-The vertical garden is then to give a small neighborhood park a big citywide presence. The most effective way to do this is to bring its vegetation up into the sky along the tower facades, where it will be visible in the city from afar.STRUCTURAL:-Its structural design uses the advantage of the high rise building to create an overhanging sunshade or sun rays director at the highest part of the structure, directing the sunrays to the reflector of the other adjacent building reflecting the sunlight bounce back to the atmosphere, helping the building itself and the environment to be cooler.3.) Flame Towers by Azinko Development MMC. HOK

FUNCTION:-The tall building gave the capability to have more users in a span of smaller land area, which to say that tall buildings were created to maximize the use of land.-Each towering building is to serve as different types of building, one in which as a hotel, the other is as office and the last is as residential. In this way, the expected users are estimated and it conforms not to the size of the land occupied by a tower but by its height. The hotel building is the one with the most expected number of users so it is designed to be taller than the other two buildings, the number of users were regulated by number of floors, again, to maximize space.BEAUTY:-Because of its tall height, the residents residing in the building and other users are capable of seeing the beautiful scenery outside the structure.-The people from afar would easily see and locate the three beautiful towers, especially at night where the buildings would be lighted with LED light, and the orange tinted faade glasses would spice up the environment.-The higher the floor, the more view the user would see, so the higher the room is located, the higher the cost; which gives credit to the tall height for giving more profit to the company owner of the building.STRUCTURAL:-Because of its tall height, it is made possible for the building to possess the curve massing that it needs to have in order to conform to the design concept which is the fire.-The elevator gives bliss to the users of the building to have a glimpse of the beautiful scenery outside the building.

4.) Edith Green-Wendell Wyatt Federal Building by SERA corp.

FUNCTION: -The tall building Edith Green-Wendell Wyatt houses almost of the government employees of the Portland, and is capable because it possesses more than ten floors, thus maximizing the floor area.-The said building also represents that regardless how old the building was, it is still competent to be transformed to as a sustainable structure that would help the environment. Because of its height, it is able to easily convert as a green building as far as natural lighting and rainwater collection is concerned. BEAUTY:-The almost invisible structure because of its faade were noticeable, not only that it compliments with its environment but because its as if it reflects the sky. And when the spring comes, the beauty of the green feature of the faade enlightens its environment.STRUCTURAL:- The roof canopy of the Wyatt building includes embedded photovoltaics that generate as much as 200 kilowatts of electricity. A 25,000-square-foot rooftop canopy includes 13,000 square feet of photovoltaic panels. This installation will generate 200,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity annually.-The roof canopy of the tall building also shades the uppermost floors of the 18-story tower. Furthermore, in response to the buildings 43 percent glazing-to-wall ratio, its south, west and east elevations feature steel shading devices that minimize solar heat gain; they are customized to the unique sun conditions of each orientation.-Edith Green-Wendell Wyatts 25,000-square-foot roof canopy funnels rainwater into a former rifle range, which has been converted into a 165,000-gallon cistern. Captured storm water is reused for toilet flushing, landscape irrigation and mechanical cooling.

5.) Zuellig Building by W. V. Coscolluela & Associates, Manila

FUNCTION: -One good thing about a tall building is the opportunity to have mixed use type of building, Zuellig building has five levels for parking slots, two-storey retail podium, and other else is an office tower.-The free standing plan of the high rise building of Zuellig allows offices to be fitted out so that over 90% of all work stations will benefit from daylight and outdoor views.BEAUTY:-The tower gains its identity from the ceramic frit-pattern of the glass curtain wall at its faade. It was inspired by bamboo and flowing water, this unique texture refers to native organic motifs and serves to complement the shading capabilities of the building envelope.-Simplicity of expression is achieved with the all glass faade and the use of large floor-to-ceiling glazing panels.STRUCTURAL:-By its use of double-paned, low-emissivity (low-E) glass system ensures that heat gain and energy loss are minimized, while penetration of natural light is maximized.-Water conservation is considered in planning the construction, it includes the efficient management of potable water, the capture of rain and condensate water and the use of water saving surface material all throughout the faade of the tower.-They also include a power-saving lighting technology wherein a daylight dimming system relying on photocells keeps the required lighting levels in common spaces by lessening electric lighting, based on the amount of daylight in space.

1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThe purpose of this study is to introduce possible solutions such as the implementation of vertical planning to the development of prisons in the Philippines. It is a concept to keep abreast of new and improved facilities that would solve the problem of prison congestion.The purpose of this chapter is to describe (1) research design (2) research instruments (3) research locale (4) population, universe and subject of studies (5) sampling procedure (6) statistical treatment.

I.3.1 RESEARCH DESIGNThe paper focuses on the main issue encountered in most of the prison, i.e., overcrowding, lack of resources, health concerns of a prisons and psychological spatial impact to the user. The researcher used qualitative research which is based on perception, values and attitudes. The researcher based the paper solely on descriptive method which happens to be under qualitative research. It is used to help increase the researchers understanding and knowledge about the activities and needs of both the people and the facility involved in the study.

I.3.2 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTSData gathering methods included interviews, ocular visits, observations, online articles and questionnaires. The researcher used a variety of methods to achieve triangulation to increase the validity of the results. A short description of each of the main methods used is presented below:Interviewing proceeds much like a dialogue between informant and interviewer. Questions are open-ended and the interviewer makes an active effort at building bond with the informant.Observation emphasizes observing and recording actual behavior, rather than reported or recalled behavior. Observations may focus on an individual (inmate) or a location (prison). Two types of observation were used during the process; (1) Natural Observation, where the researcher observed people from afar including their actions and conversations and (2) Participant Observation, where the researcher himself participated in some activities of the participants during the ocular visit. Online articles of credible sources from online magazines, news websites, and forums are also a consideration in the process of acquiring data.Ocular visits were done to best understand the current situations that the researcher is trying to give solution.

I.3.3 CASE STUDIESCase studies can help in the process of anticipating possible solutions for different problems present in existing prisons in the country. This portion consists of several data gathered from books, websites, magazines, documentaries and ocular visits. This is vital in this study for the acquisition of a deeper insight of prison design and culture. The main focus of the case study is the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City, Philippines.

I.3.3.1 NEW BILIBID PRISON Location: Sampaguita Road, Muntinlupa City, National Capital Region 1776 The New Bilibid Prison is a penitentiary facility that is run and maintained by the Bureau of Corrections under the supervision of the Department of Justice. The penitentiary, situated in the city of Muntinlupa, Philippines, acts as the main insular penitentiary that house the majority of prison population in the country.

The NBP had a land area of 551 hectares before the Former President Corazon C. Aquino issued the Presidential Proclamation No. 792 which was later amended by the Presidential Proclamation No. 120 on December 15, 1992 that states the effect that 104.22 hectares of the land, be developed into a housing project, known as the Katarungan Village, for the benefit of the employees of the Department of Justice and other government agencies. The National Bilibid Prison is the flesh and bones of the National Penitentiary and it has been there since the late 1940s, it was completed in the year 1944 while the country was being bombarded during World War II. It houses 22,000 convicted prisoners of the total prison population of 34,000 prisoners. It explains that the NBP hosts almost 64% of the entire prison population of the whole archipelago. It is also considered as the biggest facility among the other 7 prisons and penal farms operated and maintained by the BuCor.NBP is a place where infamous death penalty execution chamber is located. Also, the central office of the Bureau of Corrections is co-located here, where the Director of Corrections and its division staffs hold their administrative post.The Bureau of Corrections follows its programs on Reformation and Restorative Justice for the prisoners through the following systems: Healthcare Program Education and Skills Development Livelihood and Livelihood Training Moral and Spiritual Enlightenment Sports and Recreation Program Behavioural Modification

Facilities such as a hospital, e-shops, souvenir shops, canteen, chapel, and open recreation courts comprise the NBP to be able to support and enhance the programs provided by the BuCor for the inmates.

OCULAR VISIT

To fully enhance the data at hand, the researcher had conducted an ocular visit at the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City, Philippines. Newly acquired data and observations were noted by the researcher as a guide to the entire design process. The prison community is where one could find all offenders who were sensibly removed from free society, to be segregated from their community of orientation, physically deprived of family life, forced to live in a highly communal, almost dictatorial and regimented, grossly formulated routine of daily life for a specified judicially prescribed period.

PRISON LAYOUTThe prison compound proper had an area of 300 x 300 meters or a total of nine hectares and is surrounded by three layers of barbed wire.

Photo form Google MapCurrently, the facility has three imposing prison camps, each located one kilometer away from another; the Maximum Security Compound, the Medium Security Compound, and the Minimum Security Camp. The total number of inmates residing in the entire complex is 22,000, and obviously has exceeded the accommodation level of 10,000; thus, making the congestion rate almost 150%.

Image of the researcher with the BuCor on the backgroundInside the facility, lies the central headquarters of the Bureau of Corrections, where the Director of Corrections and its division staffs hold their administrative post. PRISON FACILITIES

Image of the TalipapaThe New Bilibid Prison also houses a talipapa (market) where the prisoners can buy commodities. Educational facilities inside the compound provide elementary education, high school education, vocational training and adult literacy programs. It also provides a Bachelors Degree in Commerce.PRISON CONDITION

Image showing the road going to the Maximum Security CampFrankly speaking, the security from outside to the inside of the compound is just a big question mark. Not enough security measures were executed for visitors to be able to enter the site. No wonder how easily inmates can escape the facility.

Image of the inmate with the blueprintSurprisingly, inmates of the maximum security camp have a blueprint of the said camp. Regardless of whether they made it themselves or someone from the security handed it to them, it is and obviously is a big no no. The cruel conditions in prisons are as a result of the framework of retribution and punishment in the Philippines prison system. In some instances, prisoners are punished by depriving them from their basic rights to justice, nutrition and food, decent shelter and clean and potable drinking water.

Image showing improvised mezzanine floorInside the Medium Security Compound of the NBP, political prisoners occupy one cell with some 80-90 other inmates, one cell can only accommodate up to 30 inmates. With these small rooms, inmates sleep lying sideways and sometimes sitting. At night, lavatory becomes a sleeping quarter by simply putting a cover on the toilet seat. While touring the area, the researcher had noticed that in some buildings, one-storey cells are made with a high ceiling, but in order to make themselves places to stay, the inmates have gotten a way. They provided mezzanine floors as an extension of the cells. This situation is highly in direct contrast with the very comfortable situation of wealthy inmates who have comfortable cells, air-conditioning, flat-screen televisions, laptops, queen-size bed, multiple cellular phones, and unlimited access to the internet. They are also allowed to freely roam around the prison compound at any time of the day.

Image of the handicrafts made personally by the inmatesThe inmates are engaged in the production of several handicrafts. Also, various religious organizations are active in the prison and daily masses are held in the prisons chapel. Medical services are given by religious groups and charitable organizations such as the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Amazing Grace Christian ministries, Philippine Prison Jesuit Service and Caritas Manila.

I.4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND ANALYSISI.4.1 PRESENTATION OF COLLECTED DATAAll data collected should be presented and analyze carefully to have a supporting element on the proposed vertical prison. The solution will be based on the data and statistic gathered and from the interviews, ocular visitation and personal observations outcome.

Fig. 1 - Organizational Chart of the DoJ

Fig. 2 - Inmate population of the 7 prisons and penal farms of BuCorFigure 2 shows the distribution of the total number of prisoners in custody of BuCor, into its seven (7) prisons and penal farms as of December 31, 2013. Based on data acquired, the overall congestion rate in Bucor prison facilities is at 139%, for the year 2013 (see Fig. 3), Being Davao Prison and Penal Farm, the one with the highest congestion rate of 249%.PRISON FACILITIESCAPACITY

PRISON POPULATION

% SHARE

CONGESTION RATE

NBP8,46022,36258%164%

PMA41

CIW Mandaluyong1,5252,1936%44%

IPPF1,2652,4446%93%

DPPF1,7196,00116%249%

CIW Mindanao372303--

SRPPF8021,5474%93%

SPPF1,3912,1236%53%

LRP5841,5614%167%

TOTAL16,11838,575100%139%

Table 1 Congestion Rate of Prison FacilitiesThe annual average population growth is 2.18% or 805 inmates per year. Fig. 4 shows the BuCor 5-Year Population Growth Chart from 2009-2013.

Graph 1 Annual Prison Population2013 number of escapees was the lowest recorded in twenty-five years. Despite given drawbacks, there was a 40% decrease in escapes compared to 2012. Various improvements in the overall prison security policies, systems, and procedures resulted in marked reduction of escapees in 2013 as compared to the previous year. The level of escape in 2013 is a record low since 1989. The graphical representation below shows a remarkable decline in escapes despite the increasing trend of inmate population.

Graph 2 Graph showing escape rateELEMENTARYHIGHSCHOOLCOLLEGEVOCATIONALSpecial Classes for Youth Offenders (SCYO)ADULT LITERACY & APPLIED TRAINING

School of Fine Arts (SOFA)Alternative Learning SystemARABIC LANGUAGE & ISLAMIC VALUES EDUCATIONPERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT SEMINARGRADUATESTOTALENROLEES

NBP6117916846923354282, 222903,585

CIW229413326850621

IPPF6220985356

DPPF10226562, 3731424,193

SRPPF111113176400

SPPF175175

LRP5151

TOTAL1,59887620191223385352,9371922, 222909,381

Table 2 Educational Programs and ActivitiesFig. 6 shows the data of the educational programs and activities of the BuCor, and the number of its participants. The table shows that the DPPF has the highest number of enrollees as compared to the others.NBPCIWSRPPFLRPSPPFDPPFIPPFTOTAL

Basketball2,13130100480173725203,659

Volleyball1775193063054514601984

Badminton19610404520235492

Sepak Takraw10001400024138

Table Tennis1310600070207

Lawn Tennis98504000301019

Billiard & Pool1,7860120000451,951

Chess64808110000766

Dama27002012603120728

Scrabble004013230930475

Dart000100000100

Boxing0000003232

Dance529346005714901081

Domino0010000010

Exercise2,3540001153,7014706,640

Swimming000024500245

Recreation:Film Viewing004000784001184

Videoke1,12206067001,195

Entertainment Programs150326005700533

TOTAL10, 5791, 2317261, 4461, 7295, 91281622,439

Table 3 Sports, Recreation and Wellness ProgramsAt least 22,439 inmates or 58% of total inmate population actively participated in sports, recreation and wellness programs that included jogging, chess, ballroom dancing, badminton, boxing, calisthenics, table tennis, weight lifting, lawn tennis, musical band practice, to name a few.

NBPCIWIPPFSPPFDPPFSRPPFLRPTOTAL

Ecumenical Prayers8, 6583006321, 400

Evangelization (Bible Study)20022312530

Worship1006602214, 737

Devotional Activity4, 31856013030

Other services1, 500

Mass1, 300300141, 200

Baptism, etc.1031

Formation2, 7491111, 052

Guidance Counselling568

TOTAL17, 8961,9002,1524995,8201,4251,26030,952

Table 4 Moral and Spiritual Programs

Religious services, counseling sessions, and other moral/spiritual formation activities are regularly conducted by BuCor chaplaincy staff and faith-based volunteer groups. Moral and Spiritual activities also benefited at least 30,952 inmates or 80% of the total inmate population.

REHABILITATION SERVICESNBPCIWIPPFDPPFSRPPFSPPFLRPTOTAL% of ParticipationTarget

EDUCATION3,5856213564,193400175519,38124%12%

DRUG TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION - Therapeutic Community Program2672,1611004,97122530267,78020%10%

SPORTS and RECREATION10,5791,2318165,9217261,7291,44622,44858%40%

RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES17,8961,9002,1525,8201,4254991,26030,95280%80%

WORK PROGRAMS1,2086309473,5544926205628,01321%30%

HEALTH AND WELFARE PROGRAMS17,3826903845,89066820124025,45566%100%

Table 5 BuCor-s 6 Major Rehab Programs

I.4.2 NEEDS ANALYSIS The chart, data and photos show how congestion is felt inside prison facilities. Due to congestion, the availability of resources is limited. Prison congestion also has a big influence on an inmates health and well-being. In addition, there are charts that show major rehabilitation programs of the prisons, where more than a number of inmates participate. These programs are often conducted in an unorganized and clattered environment due to obsolete rehabilitation facilities. From the data gathered from the conducted ocular visit, it shows that both the users and the facilities need some amendment and provisions to ensuring better and efficient environment. The charts, tables and data show the increasing rates of congestion and the insufficient efforts of the agencies to stabilize prison facilities in the Philippines. Despite the modernization of the system and facilities, the New Bilibid Prison still faces issues such as congestion and lack of supplies. Over-crowded or prison congestion is still a major concern as there are no enough living space or unsuitable for living. Some prisoners have to take turn for their sleeping schedule because there are the undersized cells with poor ventilation. Unsanitary conditions are compounded by defective comfort rooms and lack of potable water system. In New Bilibid Prison, prisoners have to draw water from a deep well. The BuCor solves this temporarily by transferring prisoners to other penitentiaries under their govern.

CHAPTER I.5 CONCLUSIONS ANS RECOMMENDATIONSAfter gathering, analyzing and comparison of data as shown from the previous chapters, it is necessary to give correct and appropriate solutions to the given problem as needed in the implementation of the proposal.The implementation of vertical planning in prison designs is a great solution to prison congestion, mainly because it would provide properly planned facilities, better circulation, and more access to natural air and lighting. Also, it anticipates the need for vertical expansion in cases of future developments, without having to deal with the issue of availability of land resources.Solution to the stated problems is the concept of vertical planning of prison facilities which can help avoid the issues on congestion, lack of resources, violence and health, and also helps in easy monitoring of the facility and the inmates.Urban settings are in need of developments in design practices, being sustainability, which reduces energy, food, and water cost, as the most efficient solution to innumerable issues rising in institutional establishments catering long-term residents, such as prisons.The need of innovation is required for a more sustainable and rehabilitative outcome, to be able to provide solution not only for the needs of the users but also to the problem regarding the existing condition of prisons in the country.

CHAPTER IIRESEARCH FOCUSII.1 RATIONALEIn the past decade, impact of tall buildings in shaping the urban development, is a great and effective response to exploring questions of density, alternative land use patterns and sustainability. As the global population rises and cities become more crowded, the fabric of urban centers is changing (Davison, 2014). Urban areas today are suffering from congestion due to lack of land resources that would cater all the basic human needs of every individual. In response to the fast growing issue, the conceptualization of vertical planning of buildings was taken into consideration. Vertical planning is an architectural approach to the increasing problems brought about by congestion. With this, the availability of existing land resources would not be so much of an issue in providing improved and better facilities.By building vertically, we can save energy, support our growing population and preserve our horizontal spaces for food production, nature and recreation.We have to find the solution of how to move towards more density but to keep the human scale- Yosuke Hayano, MAD ArchitectsII.2 PRINCIPLES AND RELEVANCE TO THE PROJECTHigh-rise buildings can be a suitable solution for criteria, requirements and constraints of a considerable number of functions and the right answer to the needs and necessities of surrounding. High-rise buildings can be used as residential, commercial and administration complexes, and in this case, a prison. Furthermore, they can accommodate different activities related to each other in one building.Reasons for taking the trend of constructing high rise buildings: There are many reasons to establish a high rise building investment project. And they are as follows:

Rapid growth of population in urban communities, and therefore the constant pressure of the limited land area affected the evolution of building; Expensive land prices; Restriction of random expansion in major cities adjacent to agricultural land; The high cost of setting up infrastructure for new cities; Expression of progress and civilization;

High rise buildings design standards: There are many building design standards that must be taken into consideration when designing high rise buildings and they are as follows:

Location & surrounding building planning; Projects scale and the general view; Keeping an open city view; Environment (handling wind issues shadows other environmental issues); Transportation & car parking; On the level of ground floor policies; Infrastructure, energy efficiency & sustainable development; Management & operation; Safety and security and building standards

Eco-friendly high rise buildings design standards: Environmental standards must be applied when designing high rise buildings. As most of the countries nowadays seek to achieve sustainable buildings to maintain the efficiency of the building through applying the following:

Use of renewable energies; Use of eco-friendly construction materials; Water rationalization inside the high rise building; Air Quality inside the high rise building; Proper lighting inside of the building; Color selection philosophy; Acoustic design; Building security issues and its design; Environmentally compatible architectural styleII.3 APPLICATION TO THE PROJECTThis project aims to bring the users a new building typology of a prison facility. With this, the structure will provide a habitable and humane space that would enhance inmates mental refuge and psychological well-being.The utilization of vertical planning in the design of prison facilities aims to: Employ a modular design to maximize flexibility; Improve such facility in terms of zoning; Solve issues on prison congestion; Enhance sanitation and hygiene attributes of inmates;

CHAPTER IIISITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSISIII.1 SITE SELECTION PROCESSIII.1.1 CRITERIA FOR SITE SELECTION1. Offset to civilization (Distance from civilization)1. Topography1. Integration of Inmate livelihood1. Local security1. Site Size1. Isolation to society for security reasons1. Accessibility 1. Property Owner (government)

III.1.2 SITE OPTION DESCRIPTIONSite 1 Barangay Lingga, Calamba City, Laguna

Fig. 10 - Map of the Proposed Site 1 (Source: wikimapia.org/28531134/Brgy-Lingga-Calamba-City-Laguna)Coordinates: 1412'39"N 12110'58"E Lingga is a barangay of the Philippine component city, City Of Calamba in the province Laguna in CALABARZON which is part of the Luzon group of islands. Barangay Lingga has a population of 5, 817 as of 2010 and has a total land area of 45 hectares. The site has a total land area of 66, 241 m2, currently situated in an Agricultural Development Zone.

Site 2 Barangay Banadero, Calamba City, Laguna

Fig. 11 - Map of the Proposed Site 2 (Source: wikimapia.org/28531134/Brgy-Banadero-Calamba-City-Laguna)Coordinates: 1413'14"N 1219'48"EBanadero is a barangay of the Philippine component city, City Of Calamba in the province Laguna in CALABARZON which is part of the Luzon group of islands. Barangay Banadero has a population of 7, 116 as of 2010 and has a total land area of 190 hectares.The site has a total land area of 33, 994 m2, currently situated in an Agricultural Development Zone.

Site 3 Barangay Pansol, Calamba City, Laguna

Fig. 12 - Map of the Proposed Site 3 (Source: wikimapia.org/28531134/Brgy-Pansol-Calamba-City-Laguna)Coordinates: 1410'29"N 12110'47"EPansol is a barangay of the Philippine component city, City Of Calamba in the province Laguna in CALABARZON which is part of the Luzon group of islands. Barangay Banadero has a population of 10, 868 as of 2010 and has a total land area of 528.20 hectares with zoning classification of Upland Conservation ZoneUrban, Redevelopment Zone, Forest Buffer Zone and Agricultural Development Zone.

Site 4 Barangay Cuyambay, Tanay, Rizal

Fig. 13 - Map of the Proposed Site 4 (Source: Municipal Hall of Tanay, Rizal)

Tanay is a 1st class municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. It is located 57 kilometers east of Manila, although a typical commute between Manila and Tanay will take between one to three hours depending upon traffic conditions. It contains portions of the Sierra Madre Mountains and is bordered by Antipolo City in the northeast, Baras, Morong and Teresa in the west, General Nakar (Quezon Province) in the east, and Pililla, Santa Maria (Laguna province) as well as the lake Laguna de Bay in the south.

The site is of 300 has situated in the Barrios of Laiban, San Andres and Tinucan in the Municipality of Tanay, Province of Rizal. Criteria for EvaluationSite 1Site 2Site 3Site 4

Offset to civilization (Distance from civilization)-

Topography---

Integration of Inmate livelihood----

Local security----

Site size----

Isolation to society for security reasons --

Accessibility ----

Property Owner (government)-

Total Rating6557

III.1.3 SITE SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATIONBased on the total rating of each site according to the Criteria, Site 4, which is in Barangay Cuyambay, Tanay, Rizal is the most appropriate site for the proposed national penitentiary.III.2 SITE EVALUATION AND ANALYSISIII.2.1 THE MACRO SETTING

Fig. 14 - Map of the Province of Rizal The province of Rizal is located directly on the east of Metro Manila, bounded on the north by Bulacan Province, on the east by the province of Laguna and Quezon, and on the south by Laguna de Bay. The province is accessible from Manila via Ortigas Avenue and from Quezon City, via Marcos Highway and Sumulong Highway.Tanay, Rizal is situated in Region 4B (CALABARZON), and its geographical coordinates are 14 29' 50" North, 121 17' 11" East.Tanay is a second order administrative division in the region of Rizal, with an average elevation of 518 meter above sea level. Tanays topography is a combination of valleys and mountains; and the rugged ridges and rolling hills which form part of the Sierra Madre Mountain ranges in the eastern portion. Tanays population consists of a majority of Tagalogs who live near the Laguna de Bay, while some significant number of mountain dwelling people lives in the northern portions of the municipality. The towns major trades are fishing, agriculture and regional commerce.CULTURAL FACTORSCity/AreaPercentAreaPercent

Municipality(Hectares)1Distribution(Km.)Distribution

Angono 2,600 1.99 26.22 2.23

Antipolo City 30,608 23.38 306.10 26.03

Baras 2,340 1.79 84.93 7.22

Binangonan 7,270 5.55 66.34 5.64

Cainta 1,020 0.78 26.81 2.28

Cardona 3,120 2.38 28.56 2.43

Jalajala 4,930 3.77 44.12 3.75

Morong 3,760 2.87 37.58 3.20

Pililla 7,400 5.65 69.95 5.95

Rodriguez 31,278 23.90 172.85 14.70

San Mateo 6,489 4.96 55.09 4.68

Tanay 24,337 18.59 200.00 17.01

Taytay 3,880 2.96 38.80 3.30

Teresa 1,860 1.42 18.61 1.58

Table 6 Land Area by Municipality (Rizal), 2008 (Source: 1 ENR Statistical Profile CY 2005, Rizal Province (PENRO-Rizal)TOTAL130,892100.001,175.96100

Tanay, together with the municipality of Rodriguez and the City of Antipolo, have the biggest land areas among all the municipalities of Rizal. The combined land area of the three local government units totals to 86, 223 hectares corresponding to 66.0 percent of Rizals total land area.

City/ MunicipalityPopulationPop. 2007 % ShareAPGR 2000- 2007DensityArea

2000200720002007Sq. Km.% Share

RIZAL1,707,2182,284,0461004.101,4521,9421,175.96100

Antipolo470,866633,97127.764.221,5382,071306.1026.03

Cainta242,511289,83312.692.519,04610,81126.812.28

Taytay198,183262,48511.493.985,1086,76538.803.30

Binangonan187,691238,93110.463.412,8293,60266.345.64

Rodriguez115,167223,5949.799.656661,294172.8514.70

San Mateo 135,603 184,860 8.09 4.40 2,461 3,356 55.09 4.68

Angono 74,668 97,209 4.26 3.73 2,848 3,707 26.22 2.23

Tanay 78,223 94,460 4.14 2.65 391 472 200.00 17.01

Pililla 45,275 58,525 2.56 3.63 647 837 69.95 5.95

Morong 42,489 50,538 2.21 2.44 1,131 1,345 37.58 3.20

Cardona 39,003 44,942 1.97 1.99 1,366 1,574 28.56 2.43

Teresa 29,745 44,436 1.95 5.73 1,598 2,388 18.61 1.58

Baras 24,514 31,524 1.38 3.55 289 371 84.93 7.22

Table 6 Rizal Population, Annual Population Growth Rate (APGR), Density, Area, by City/Municipality, 2000 and 2007 (Source: Source: National Statistics Office)Jalajala 23,280 28,738 1.26 2.97 528 651 44.12 3.75

Among the14 municipalities in the province of Rizal, Tanay is the 8th most populated municipality, with a total population count of 94, 460 as of 2007.

Fig. 15 - Land Use Map of Tanay, Rizal (Source: http://vm.observatory.ph/findings.html)

Most of lands in Tanay is used as an Agricultural and Production, and Protected land mainly used as a reservation site.

NATURAL FACTORS

Fig. 16 - Risk to Typhoon (Source: http://vm.observatory.ph/findings.html)There is a medium-low occurence of periods with extreme drought. Flooding risk is extremely high. There is an extremely high chance of cyclones hitting Tanay.

Fig. 17 - Risk to Earthquakes (Source: http://vm.observatory.ph/findings.html)

Tanay can have ruinous earthquakes (on average one every 50 years), with occurrences at 7> Richter. The ground may move in waves or ripples destroying bridges and bending rails.

Fig. 18 - Natural Dangers in Tanay, Rizal (Source: http://vm.observatory.ph/findings.html)

Flooding risk is extremely high. Natural occurrences of landslides are low to medium.

Fig. 19 Average monthly precipitation (Source: www.weather-and-climate.com)Tanay, Rizal experiences the highest amount of rainfall on August with more than 375 mm.

Fig. 20 Average monthly rainy days (Source: www.weather-and-climate.com)June to October are the months with longer rain periods with an average of more than 15 days.

Fig. 21 Average wind speed (Source: www.weather-and-climate.com)

Tanay has an average wind speed of 2 kph experienced on the months June to December. March and April having a wind speed of more than 4 kph.

Fig. 22 Average monthly hours (Source: www.weather-and-climate.com)The above graph shows the minimum and maximum temperature over the year.

III.2.2 THE MICRO SETTINGBarangay Cuyambay, Tanay, Rizal

Fig. 23 Map of Tanay, Rizal(Source: Google Images)

The site sits on a restoration site that is approximately situated between 1211930 to 1212015 longitude and 143630 to 143715 latitude; approximately 433 to 525 meters above sea level. The area is owned and managed by the Rizal Provincial Government (RPG) and within the 2,334 hectares Palayan ng Bayan covering Brgy. Laiban, Tinukan, San Andres and Cuyambay. Tanay is included in the Marikina Watersheds Reservation. The restoration site is considered to be part of the southern foothills of the Southern Sierra Madre Mountains.

Fig. 24 site (Source: Google Earth)The site has uneven terrain which varies from low-lying areas with relatively flat to moderately steep slopes ie 0 to 11.3 degrees, and some portion with steep slopes (about 17 degrees) such as valleys or rolling hill portions. The site is accessible via Marcos Highway passing through Masinag, Cogeo and Boso-Boso. By the end of 2007, Cuyambay had 2,265 residents.The chosen site was once an option for the new location of the New Bilibid Prison.III.2.3 LAWS AND ORDINANCES PERTANING TO THE SITENational Building Code of the PhilippinesSection 105. Site Requirements. The land or site upon which shall be constructed any building or structure, or any ancillary or auxiliary facility thereto, shall be fully compliant with applicable laws, sanitary, hygienic, secure and safe. In the case of sites or buildings intended for use as human habitation or abode, the same shall be at a safe distance, as determined by competent authorities, from bodies of moving/ still water and/or sources of pollution; from a volcano or volcanic site and/or any other building/ structure considered to be a potential source of fire or explosion.

Section 701. Building Occupancy Classified.(4) Group D. Institutional Buildings, which shall include:(i) Division 1. Mental hospitals, mental sanitaria, jails, prisons, reformatories and buildings where personal liberties of inmates are similarly restrained.

Section 707. Maximum Height of Buildings.(a) The maximum height and number of floors/ levels of every building shall be dependent upon the character of occupancy and the type of construction as determined by the NBO considering population density, building bulk, widths of streets and parking requirements. The height shall be measured from the highest adjoining sidewalk or ground surface: Provided, that the height measured from the lowest adjoining surface shall not exceed such maximum height by more than three meters (3.0 m): Except, that towers, spires and steeples, erected as part of a building/ structure and not used for habitation or storage are limited as to height only by structural design if completely of incombustible materials, or may extend not to exceed 6.0 m above the height limits for each occupancy group if of combustible materials.(d) The following factors must likewise be considered in the determination of the building height: (1) Soil characteristics, lot location in relation to fault lines and earthquake belts or proximity to volcanoes and other geological conditions. (2) Hydrological conditions such as the water table at the site and distance to waterways and shorelines. (3) Meteorological conditions such as the frequency and intensity of destructive typhoons/ monsoon winds/ rains, prevailing wind speed and direction, relative humidity, amount of precipitation and the prevailing ambient conditions. (4) Effect/s of environmental conditions on the building/ structure and vice versa coupled with the effective control of air, noise and thermal pollution, radiant heat, reflected light/ heat and cast shadows, etc., and the optimization of natural light and ventilation. (5) Effect/s of traffic conditions on the building/ structure and vice versa and the satisfaction of parking/ loading requirements in accordance with this Section. (6) Availability and capacity of public utility/service system considering the availability and adequacy of electric power, potable and non-potable water supply, drainage and sewerage, transportation and communications facilities, solid waste management system, etc. (7) Need for applicable building safety and maintenance systems e.g. lightning arresters, beacons, protective railings and barriers, gondolas, window washing systems, etc.

III.3 SITE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONSIII.3.1 SITE ANALYSIS

Fig. 25 Map of site (Source: Google Earth)

The land area is not cultivated, most of the natural vegetation is still intact. The landscape is mostly covered with closed to open broadleaved evergreen or semi-decidious forest. The soil in the area is high in nitosols, andosols, soil with deep, clay-enriched lower horizon with shiny ped surfaces.The site having an average temperature of 28 degree Celsius over the year.

Fig. 26 Map of Tanay, Rizal (Source: Municipal Hall of Tanay)

Marcos HighwayThe site is divided into two by the Marcos Highway.

Sun path

Today

June 21

December 21

Annual variation

Equinox (March and September)

Sunrise/sunset

Sunrise

Sunset

Time

00-02

03-05

06-08

09-11

12-14

15-17

18-20

21-23

Fig. 27 Sun Path Diagram (Source: Google Images)

Fig. 28 Wind AnalysisROAD

III.3.2 PROPOSED SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Fig. 29 Site (Source: Google Images)

The main location of the prison facility is on the southern portion of the lot. The northern portion will primarily house agriculture.

Fig. 30 Proposed Site Development Plan

Fig. 31 Proposed Site Massing

RELATED APPENDICES

Fig. 32 Transfer Certificate Title of Site 1




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http://www.insidergreen.com/possibilities-vertical-farming-urban-greenhouses/http://www.cityfarmer.info/2011/07/23/urban-farming-in-metro-manila-philippines-sought/http://skygreens.appsfly.com/Mediahttp://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/towards-more-humane-prison-systems.html http://www.hg.org/article.asp?id=31513http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-difference-between-a-jail-and-a-prison.htmhttp://lexoterica.wordpress.com/2013/07/12/modernizing-the-bureau-of-corrections-for-the-benefit-of-inmates/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/310408/news/nation/pnoy-signs-law-modernizing-bureau-of-correctionshttp://www.asiabusinesscouncil.org/docs/BEE/GBCS/GBCS_Zuellig.pdf

http://www.leightonasia.com/en/what-we-do/pages/zuellig-case-studies.aspx

http://www.ronafix.co.uk/zuellig-building-makati-city-case-study.46597.aspx http://www.emcorgroup.com/files/7814/0726/5896/DynaOR_Wyatt_Fed_Bldg_140725.pdf

http://gsa.gov/portal/mediaId/172443/fileName/GSA_EGWW_OPENING_BOOK_508b.action

http://www.illumitex.com/benefits-vertical-farming/

http://www.hok.com/design/region/europe/baku-flame-towers/

http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=875700

http://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/1836-Nouvel_2014_OneCentralPark.pdfhttp://openbuildings.com/buildings/new-bilibid-prison-profile-27165http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/oct/30/china-obsession-vertical-cities-skyscrapers-urbanisation-megacityhttp://www.g-casa.com/conferences/zagreb/papers/Akram1-HighRise.pdfhttp://www.philippine-islands.ph/en/lingga-city_of_calamba-laguna-philippines.htmlhttp://rizalprovince.ph/factsandfigures.htmlhttp://vm.observatory.ph/geophys_maps.htmlhttp://www.chinci.com/travel/pax/w/1683322/Tanay/PH/The+Philippines/0/#1|0|travel|pax|0|1683322|Tanay|PH|The%20Philippines|Asia/Manila|53|ADM2|14.5666667|121.3500000|Rizalhttp://rizalprovince.ph/mapssatellitemap.htmlhttp://rizalprovince.ph/mapssatellitemap.htmlhttps://angonodreamnews.wordpress.com/2012/01/13/denr-angono-9-other-rizal-towns-prone-to-landslides-and-floods-warns-other-areas-in-region-4/http://www.haribon.org.ph/index.php/road-to-2020/24-road-to-2020/restoration-sites/65-brgy-cuyambay-tanay-rizal?tmpl=componenthttps://ph.news.yahoo.com/tanay-intensifies-pro-environment-drive-101848214.html

Chart13539435397362953725138610

4%Population

Sheet1Population200935,394201035,397201136,295201237,251201338,610To resize chart data range, drag lower right corner of range.

CHAN, KELVIN C. Parts 1-3 with Related Appendices

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