Challenging the War System is Class 2011

7/27/2019 Challenging the War System is Class 2011

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Challenging War and

Upholding IHL


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Board Talk: War


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From the German word werra which meansconfusion, discord or strife

Major armed conflict- a political conflict in

which armed fighting involves the armedforces of at least one state (or one or morearmed factions seeking to gain control of all orpart of the State) and in which 1,000 people

have been killed during the course of theconflict


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Classical or International- between states

Civil or Internal- between rival groups within aState

Note: There were 32 armed conflicts waged in 27 statesin 2005, 41% of which were in Africa and another

41% in Asia


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Territorial Disputes/Quest for independence orsovereignty

Sympathy for Kin/Intolerance for differences

Ideological or power struggles Deprivation and injustice

History of colonialism and decolonizationprocess


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Competition for resources

Human rights abuse

Desire to perpetuate ones self in power

Narrow/extreme nationalism

Competition to fill power vacuums

Availability of weapons


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Death- 75% of those ,killed in wars today arecivilians

Commitment of atrocities (e.g. sexual violence,

tortures, executions) IDPs and refugees

Proliferation of weapons

Holds back development


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Children soldiers

Loss of livelihoods

Destruction of property and environment

Disruption of schooling

Fear and trauma


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an act of assembling and putting into readinessthe armed forces for war or other emergency

Issues include: Military expenditures Weapons of mass destruction Proliferation of small arms/the arms

trade Human and environmental costs


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A. More than 400 billion dollars

B. More than 600 billion dollars

C. More than 800 billion dollars

D. More than 1 trillion dollars


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The worlds annual spending on military

programs is $1.04 trillion (Stockholm

International Peace Research Institute,2005)


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In 2005, the United States, withexpenditure of $455 billion, accounted for

almost half the global figure, more than thecombined total of the 32 next mostpowerful nations

(SIPRI,2005)


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A. 260

B. 26,000

C. 1900

D. 19,000


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The total number of identified nuclear weapons

in the world is 26,000.

(Source: NGO Committee on Disarmament, 2007)


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In 2001, 8 countries were known to have

nuclear stockpiles. Recently, North Korea

admitted to having nuclear weapons, too!That makes 9 Nuclear Club members.

(Source: The Penguin Atlas ofWar and Peace,2003)

Landmines, on the other hand, kill or maim2,000 people each year, most of whom arecivilians


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A. Ukraine

B. France

C. China

D. Taiwan


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The Top 10 Arms Exporters (1996-2000)

1. USA 47%

2. Russia 15%3. France 10%

4. UK 7%

5. Germany 5%

6. Netherlands 2%

7. Ukraine 2%

8. Italy 2%

9. China 1%

10. Belarus 1%


The 5 permanent members of the Security Counciltogether account for 88% of the worlds

conventional arms exports.


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A. China

B. India

C. Egypt

D. Kenya


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Whos Buying?

1. Taiwan 11.8%2. Saudi Arabia 8%3. Turkey 5.4%

4. South Korea 5.1%5. China 5%6. India 4%7. Egypt 3.5%



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A. One person a day

B. One person every hour

C. One person every minute

D. Ten people everyday


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INTERNATIONALHUMANITARIAN

LAW


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More civilians are being killed

Civilian casualties

WWI 5%

WWII 50%

1990s 80%


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More refugees/internally displaced people

By 1992, there were 17M refugees pushed bywar across the borders into foreign countries,

and 29M displaced and homeless.


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Most domestic wars involve unconventionalwarfare

Heightened proliferation of lethal weapons

Since WW2, cheap, mass-producedsmall-caliber weapons have killed more

people than traditional battlefield weaponry.


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Continuing use of rape as a weapon of war

Increasing involvement of children and womenas soldiers

At least 300,000 under the age of 18 areinvolved in hostilities, mostly 15-18 years oldbut recruitment starts at age 10.

In Ethiopia, 20%-30% of the rebel group arewomen.


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Profile of Child Soldiers Orphans Broken families Separated from parents

Poor and marginalized Come from conflict zones

Q6: Why Do Children Join Wars?

A. SurvivalB. To prove manhoodC. To avenge a deathD. All of the above


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The high cost of war on civilians stresses the needto advance international humanitarian law as astepping stone to decrease violence and build

lasting peace.


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Q7: IHL refers to international humanitarian rulesthat:

A. Protect people and property who are, or may

be, affected by the armed conflictB. Limit the methods and means of warfareemployed

C. Both A and B

D. Neither A nor B

law or armed conflict/rules of war


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Protection

Distinction

Limitation


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Q8: The ff are are protected except:

A. Non-combatants

B. Protected objects and places

C. Protective emblem

D. Military installations


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Q9: Who among the ff are non-combatants?

A. Civilian population (including journalists)

B. Persons/entities engaged in humanitarian work-medical and religious personnel

-medical units and transport

-relief societies and relief action

C. Incapacitated combatants (out of combat)-wounded and sick

-surrendered, detained, arrested, POWs

-shipwrecked/falling from aircrafts in distress

D. All of the above


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Fundamental Guarantees to Non-combatants

Humane treatment (collective punishment,forced movement, starvation, slavery not

allowed) Minimum standards during detention (right

to food and well-being, unnecessary exposureto danger, receive relief, practice religion)

Judicial guarantees (presumed innocent, rightto due process)


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What objects are protected?

Medical objects and infrastructure

Objects essential to life (farms, water, food)

Cultural and religious objects (monuments, artworks, places of worship)

Dangerous installations (dams, chemical andnuclear plants, electricity towers)

Demilitarized zones Protective emblems (e.g. red cross)


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Q10 What method or means of warfare isnot considered taboo?

A. Banned or restricted weapons

B. Attacks on non-military targets

C. Other acts or means that will lead tounnecessary suffering and grave destruction of

the environmentD. Small arms and light weapons


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Limitation on weapons considered indiscriminate

Banned:

Biological and chemical weapons

Anti-personnel landmines

Laser weapons causing blindness


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Limitations on indiscriminate attacks

Legitimate military targets:

Armed forces/combatants Military installations (camps, detachments,

checkpoints)

Objects that support specific military objectives


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While billions of dollars are spent

annually for military purposes, 2

million people die each yearbecause of poverty-related causes(Sivard).


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WORKSHOP

What can we do to challenge the war system onthe global, national and community levels?


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Sa inyong inimbak na mga balaAng mga uhaw bay makakainomSa inyong palagay, sa inyong akalaMabubusog ba ng punglo ang mga gutom

Mayron bang nagawa ang mga sandataUpang hanguin ang mga napinsala

Para saan ang pagsasanay at panataUpang takutin ang mga maralita


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Ang kailangay kalusugan, pagkain at pabahay

Suweldong makatarungan, marangal nahanapbuhay

Hindi isang digmaan at hindi dislokasyonAng sagot nila sa tao, militarisasyon

Itigil na, itigil na, militarisasyon

Tama na, tama na, militarisasyon.

Challenging the War System is Class 2011

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