Challenges to the New Government

Challenges to the New Government

Chapter 9, Section 2

Securing the Northwest Territory

O The new nation needed peace to prosper

O Why was there conflict over the West?O Competing land claims

O SpainO BritainO Native AmericansO United States

O Where did the U.S. have the biggest problem?

Battle of Fallen Timbers

O Why did Washington decide to send troops to the Ohio Valley to fight the force led by Little Turtle?O To secure the Northwest Territory –

Washington thought this land and its security were crucial for the growth of the country

O After two defeats, Washington sent a third army, led by Anthony WayneO Known as “Mad Anthony”O Defeated the Native Americans

at Ft. Miami – the Battle of Fallen Timbers

Treaty of GreenvilleO Why did the British refuse to help the

Native Americans?O They didn’t want a war with the United

States

O What were the results of the Battle of Fallen Timbers for the Native Americans? For the United States?O Crushed Native American hopes of keeping

their land in the Northwest TerritoryO In the Treaty of Greenville, 12 tribes agreed

to give up their land (present-day Ohio and Indiana)

The Whiskey Rebellion (1794)O Hamilton had implemented his plan to help

the government raise moneyO There was a tax on whiskey

O Why were farmers angry about the whiskey tax?

The Whiskey RebellionO Why did Washington decide to

crushthe rebellion and enforce the tax?O If he didn’t, it would undermine

the new government and weaken its authority

O Why was Washington’s treatmentof the Whiskey Rebellion important?O Had shown the government

had the power and the will to enforce its laws

The French RevolutionO People in France started a

revolution in 1789O They wanted liberty and equality

O Things changed in 1793O Movement had become violentO King and Queen were beheadedO France declared war on Britain, Spain,

and HollandO They were all also ruled by monarchs

O Why did war between France and Britainput the United States in a difficult spot?

The French Revolution

O What sort of U.S. obligation to France did the wartime alliance and treaty of 1778 create?

O How did Jefferson, Hamilton, and Washington think the United States should react to the war?O Jefferson – thought putting down the revolution

was an attack on libertyO Hamilton – wanted to support Britain because of

tradeO Washington – decided to remain neutral; stayed

“friendly and impartial” to both sides

Remaining NeutralO Britain began taking goods from American

shipsO John Jay sent to EnglandO Why did England agree to Jay’s Treaty?

O Pinckney’s TreatyO Americans could travel on the MS RiverO Americans could store goods at New Orleans

portO 31st parallel became the northern boundary of FL

O What problems did Jay’s Treaty and Pinckney’s Treaty solve for the United States?

Key TermsO Battle of Fallen Timbers – in 1794, an American army defeated

2,000 Native Americans in a clash over control of the Northwest Territory

O Treaty of Greenville – a 1795 agreement in which 12 Native American tribes surrendered much of present-day Ohio and Indiana to the U.S. government

O Whiskey Rebellion – a 1794 protest against the government’s tax on whiskey, which was valuable to the livelihood of backcountry farmers

O French Revolution – in 1789, the French launched a movement for liberty and equality

O Neutral – not siding with one country or the otherO Jay’s Treaty – the agreement that ended dispute over American

shipping during the French RevolutionO Pinckney’s Treaty – a 1795 treaty with Spain that allowed

Americans to use the Mississippi River and to store goods in New Orleans; made the 31st parallel the southern U.S. border