Challenges of Maritime Security Strategy in the Indian ...ris.org.in/images/RIS_images/pdf/6 Arsana_MarSec.pdf · Challenges of Maritime Security Strategy in the Indian Ocean: A Maritime

Dept. of Geodetic Engineering

Universitas Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaI Made Andi Arsana

http://madeandi.staff.ugm.ac.id1

Challenges of Maritime Security Strategy in the

Indian Ocean: A Maritime Boundary Perspective

I Made Andi Arsana, Ph.D




Geospatial Context of the Indian Ocean

Java

MALAYSIA

SINGAPORE

Reunion

Saudi Arabia

Kerguelen

Tromelin

Mauritus

Seychelles

Tanzania

Kenya

Ethiopia Somalia

YemenEritrea

Pakistan

India

Maldives

Myanmar

Bangladesh

Thailand

Malaysia

Christmas I.

Oman

Australia

Cocos I.

Timor Leste

Indonesia

South China Sea

PNG

Brunei

AmsterdamIsland

Herd I.

Malaysia

South Africa

Sri Langka

BIOT/Chagos

Iran

Sudan

Siuth Sudan

Egypt

Comoros

Mayotte

India

Crozet Is.

Prince Edward Is.

Ind

ian

Oc

ea

n




This presentation was developed by

I Made Andi Arsana

([email protected])

For the Government of Somalia

and was presented before the Somali President,

Prime Minister and Speaker of the Parliament

Somalia

Kenya

Somalia

Kenya

Kenya

Tanzania

Maritime Claims by Kenya and Somalia

Arsana, 2013 Not to scale, for illustrative purposes only

Exclusive Economic Zone Continental Shelf




Indonesia




Indonesia’ Territory

Malaysia

Malaysia

Philippines

Palau

Australia

India

Thailand

Animation by I Made Andi Arsana (2013)

Singapore

Timor Leste

Why do you want to take this off? What you are doing is a crime and unethical I Made Andi Arsana (c) 2013




Malaysia

Malaysia

Philippines

Palau

Australia

India

Thailand

Animation by I Made Andi Arsana (2012)

Singapore

Timor Leste


3 miles of TS from each island’s coastline

Indonesia’ Territory




Djoeanda Declaration of 1957

Malaysia

Malaysia

Philippines

Palau

Australia

India

Thailand

Archipelagic waters

Singapore

Timor Leste

Natuna

pocket


I Made Andi Arsana | [email protected]




Indonesia’s archipelagic waters and territorial sea

Malaysia

Malaysia

Philippines

Palau

Australia

India

Thailand

Archipelagic waters

Singapore

Timor Leste






This presentation was developed by

I Made Andi Arsana

([email protected])

For the Government of Somalia

and was presented before the Somali President,

Prime Minister and Speaker of the Parliament

Baselin

es

I Made Andi Arsana (2013)

Maritime Zone of Jurisdiction pursuant to UNCLOS

EEZ

Art. 76

200 MContinental

Shelf

Territorial Sea12 M




Indonesia Now! – UNCLOS 1982

Malaysia

Malaysia

Philippines

Palau

Australia

India

Thailand

EEZ

EEZ

EEZ

EEZ

Archipelagic waters

Singapore

Timor Leste



Archipelagic Baselines

Unilateral Limits (no agreement with neighbours required)Agreed bilateral boundariesIndonesia’s unilateral claims (agreement with neighbours required)

Indonesia’s maritime area is significantly larger!




Malaysia

India

Thailand

Malaysia

Indonesia

Indonesia and India in the Indian Ocean

Indonesia’s ECS

Different lines for EEZ and CS




EEZ Delimitation in Malacca Strait – Unilateral Claims

Malaysia

k

Indonesia

I Made Andi Arsana (c) 2011

Malaysia’s proposal

of EEZ Boundary

Seabed boundary

(signed in 1969)

Equidistance

Indonesia’s

proposal of EEZ

Boundary

Practicality reason


You are the one

entering our waters!

You are entering our

waters!

For illustrative purposes only

The visualisation does not reflect the real geospatial setting of Indonesia and Malaysia




Maritime Boundaries between Indonesia and Australia

Australia

k

Indonesia

I Made Andi Arsana (c) 2011

Batas dasar laut

(ditandatangani tahun 1970an)


Au

str

alia

Ind

on

es

ia

“… organisms which, at the

harvestable stage, either are

immobile on or under the seabed

or are unable to move except in

constant physical contact with

the seabed or subsoil”

(LOSC, Art. 77 (4))

For illustrative purposes only. The visualisation does not reflect the real

geospatial setting of Indonesia and Australia

Batas ZEE (air)

(ditandatangani tahun 1997)




Concluding Remarks

1. Pending Maritime Boundaries are threat to maritime

Security

2. Opportunities and Challenges:

Opportunities

Experiences

Government’s Commitment

People’s supports and pushes

Challenges

Difference in perception and urgency

Sensitivity of issues

The approach of “Nothing agreed until everything is

agreed” that may slow down the process




Thank You

Terima Kasih

Challenges of Maritime Security Strategy in the Indian ...ris.org.in/images/RIS_images/pdf/6 Arsana_MarSec.pdf · Challenges of Maritime Security Strategy in the Indian Ocean: A Maritime

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