Challenges in Biological Oceanography Arzhang Khalili Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
Challengesin
Biological Oceanography
Arzhang Khalili
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology
Bremen, Germany
Oceans : Source of Inspirations
Drop of Ocean Water : 2000 – 20000
Microorganisms Emodnet (Sediment)
Naval Office of Oceanography (Sediment)
NASA (Primary Production, average 2014-2015)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial(1982)
Mussel
Surgical Glue Shuts Down Bleeding Wounds in 60 Seconds
Seapocks
Bio-glue from Seapocks
Light Producing Organisms
New LED Technology
Chironomus PlumosusLarva
Inspiring Micro Pumps
Chironomus PlumosusLarva
Morad et al. Aquat Ecol (2010)
SimulationPumping Rate: 106 m3/2.5 days
Marine Sponge
Bone Tissue from Marine Sponge
Coral Reefs
Coral Reefs
Tropical Rainforests of the Ocean
Coral Reefs
• Antifouling and “Agrochemicals”
• New Biomaterials
• New Pharmaceutical Products
Mangroves
Mangroves
• New Biologically Active Compounds
• New Therapeutic Agents
Seagrass
Seagrass
Important Carbon Sinks & N2 Fixer in Coastal Systems
Persian Gulf Meets All Challenges
∆𝑇 ≈ 22° C Depth ≈ 100 𝑚
Salinity ≈ 37 − 40 𝑝𝑝𝑚
Uniqueness of Persian Gulf
German-IranianCollaboration
DFG – INSF
BMBF – MSRT
A DFG-INSF funded Workshop
New Proposal to BMBF
German – Iranian Working Groups
AWI BremerhavenMaarten BoersmaClaudio Richter
GEOMAR, KielMartin Wahl
ICBM OldenburgUlrike FeudelPeter Schupp
IGB, BerlinHans-Peter Grossart
MPI & JUB BremenArzhang KhaliliNasrollah Moradi
ZMT BremenTim Jennerjahn,Andreas Kunzmann
Uni Rostock,Maximilian Berthold
Marum BremenChristiane Schmidt
Uni BremenAlexander Petrovic
IOW, WarnemundeMarvin Lorenz
German Scientists
Leila Abdoli, Lecturer, Department of Fischeries Science (Marine),
Hormuzgan University, Bandar-e Abbas
Mohammad S. Alavi-Yeganeh, Assistant Professor, Department of Marine
Biology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
Gilan Attaran-Fariman, Associate Professor, Department of Marine
Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University,
Chabahar
Amir Ghazilou, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and
Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran
Keivan Kabiri, Assistant Professor, Department of Marine Remote
Sensing, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric
Science (INIOAS), Tehran
Saber Khodabandeh, Associate Professor, Tarbiat Modares University,
Noor
Abdolvahab Maghsoudlou, Assistant Professor, Head of Marine
Bioscience Department, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and
Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran
Iranian Scientists
Masoumeh Malek, Associate Professor in Marine Zoology, Deputy Dean of
College of Science, University of Tehran
Sanaz Moghaddam, Marine Biology Department, Shahid Beheshti University,
Tehran
Fatemeh Mohammadipanah, Assistant Professor, Microbial Technology and
Products (MTP) Research Center, Department of Microbiology, University of
Tehran, Tehran
Masoud Moradi, Assistant Professor, Department of Marine Remote Sensing
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS),
Tehran
Reza Naderloo, Assistant Professor, School of Biology and Center of
Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of
Tehran, Tehran
Ali Nasrolahi, Assistant Professor, Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of
Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
Mahshid Oladi, Marine Biology Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
Payam Parsizadeh, Iran National Science Foundation (INSF)
Hassan Rahimian, Associate Professor in Marine Zoology, Faculty of Science,
University of Tehran,Tehran
Iranian Scientists
Mohammad Sharif Ranjbar, Assistant Professor, Department of Marine
Biology, Hormuzgan University, Bandar-e Abbas
Alireza Sari, Professor of Systematic Zoology, Zoological Museum and Centre
of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, School of Biological
Sciences, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran
Ahmad Savari, Professor, Marine Biology Department, Khorramshahr
University of Marine Science and Technology
Jafar Seyfabadi, Assistant Professor, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor
Saloomeh Shoaei, Microbiology Department, Shahid Beheshti University,
Tehran
Mohammad Reza Shokri, Assistant Professor, Marine Biology Department,
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
Mohammad Ali Zahed, Assistant Professor, Biology Department, Kharazmi
University, Tehran
Nosratollah Zargham, PhD, President, Iran National Science Foundation
(INSF)
Nasser Hadjizadeh Zaker Dr., Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and
Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran
Iranian Scientists
Special Equipment
Lander
Exploring Deep Sea
Mobile Free Floating off-Shore Mesocosm
Geomar, Kiel, Germany
Nanometer-Scale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer
(NanoSIMS)
Max Planck Institute , Bremen, Germany
lateral distribution of any element and its isotopes on a single cell surface
What to do now?
Let’s Start !
Thank You!
Marine Aggregates
Size/Shape of Marine Aggregate
~ μm ~ mm ~ cm
Grossart (2004) Ploug (2000) Lampitt (2000)
What are Marine Aggregates?
- dead / dying animals- fecal material- other inorganic dust- plants (plankton)- protists- sand - soot- TEP
Role of Marine Aggregates
Chisholm (2000)
Across Scales and Disciplines
μm
mm
m
km
- Coagulation & microbial cell-cell interaction
- Modification of aggregation & disaggregation
- Processes controlling OM turnover
- Aggregate flux in the field-scale
- Global effects
nm
Global Carbon Circulation Model HAMOCC
Density difference between 100 m and 0 m
An Aggregate Model
Velocity Field
Re = 0.1 Re = 10
Moradi et al. (in Prep.)
Concentration Field
Pure Diffusion Re = 0.1 Re = 10
Moradi et al. (in Prep.)
Correct Estimation of Total Flux
Ploug et al. (1999) Moradi et al. (in Prep.)
Sinking in Sudden Stratification
Kindler et al. (2012)
Diffusion Limited Retention
Sinking in Linear Stratification
Kindler et al. (in Prep.)
Governing Equations
Drag Enhancement!
Light liquid is entrained and strives upwards dragging the aggregate
Aggregate in Linear Stratification
Coral Reefs
Schupp et al. (2002)
Natural Products Discovery
Seagrass
Maximum N2 Fixation at the Rhizomes
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics
• Bringing Together
- Organism Diversity
- Abundance Data
- Functional Data
- Environmental Data
• Developing Components/Standards
for the Dynamic Integration of Knowledge
Coral Reefs Extreme high biodiversity!
Organisms are competing for limited
resources
Potential for discovery of new
pharmacologically active compounds