Chain of Survival 1. Citizens Response 2. Calling the Emergency Number 3. First Response Care 4. EMT Care 5. Hospital Care 6. Rehabilitation.

Chain of SurvivalChain of Survival

1.1. Citizens ResponseCitizens Response

2.2. Calling the Calling the Emergency Emergency NumberNumber

3.3. First Response First Response CareCare

4.4. EMT CareEMT Care

5.5. Hospital CareHospital Care

6.6. Rehabilitation Rehabilitation

Everyone should Everyone should know what to do in know what to do in an emergency…an emergency…

EVERYONE SH EVERYONE SH OULD KNOW OULD KNOW FIRST AIDFIRST AID

How to Handle How to Handle EmergenciesEmergencies

STEP 1: Recognize that an STEP 1: Recognize that an Emergency ExistEmergency Exist

How? Recognize the 4 UHow? Recognize the 4 U’’ss

- Unusual Noises- Unusual Noises- Unusual SightsUnusual Sights- Unusual OdorsUnusual Odors- Unusual Appearances or BehavoirsUnusual Appearances or Behavoirs

Step 2: Decide to ActStep 2: Decide to ActReasons why people might NOT act..Reasons why people might NOT act..- The presence of other peopleThe presence of other people- Uncertainty about the VictimUncertainty about the Victim- Uncertainty that an emergency Uncertainty that an emergency

really exist at allreally exist at all- The type of injury or illnessThe type of injury or illness- Fear of catching a diseaseFear of catching a disease- Fear of doing something wrongFear of doing something wrong- Fear of being suedFear of being sued

Step 3: Activate EMS Step 3: Activate EMS SystemSystem

EMS = Emergency Medical Service EMS = Emergency Medical Service

Call 911 or the Local Emergency NumberCall 911 or the Local Emergency Number

*Don*Don’’t hang up the phone until they tell t hang up the phone until they tell you toyou to!!

Step 4: Give care until help Step 4: Give care until help ArrivesArrives

First Aid is the immediate and First Aid is the immediate and temporary care given to a person temporary care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly who has been injured or suddenly becomes illbecomes ill

A first aid kit should be kept in your A first aid kit should be kept in your home and in your carhome and in your car

You must have consent to give 1You must have consent to give 1stst aid aid

Obtaining ConsentObtaining Consent

Consent means getting permission Consent means getting permission from the victim to help them.from the victim to help them.

Two types: Actual and ImpliedTwo types: Actual and Implied

Actual Consent:Actual Consent: Verbal or Written Verbal or Written permission from a conscious person to permission from a conscious person to give first aidgive first aid

Implied Consent:Implied Consent: Assuming the victim Assuming the victim would grant permission to give first aid would grant permission to give first aid if he/she was capable of saying soif he/she was capable of saying so

When to Ask..When to Ask..

When the victim is a conscious adultWhen the victim is a conscious adult Ask a parent if the victim is a Ask a parent if the victim is a

conscious child or infantconscious child or infant

Consent is IMPLIED when..Consent is IMPLIED when..

- A victim is a mentally competent A victim is a mentally competent adult, child or infant that is adult, child or infant that is unconsciousunconscious

- A life threatening emergencyA life threatening emergency

Good Samaritan Laws:Good Samaritan Laws:

Laws that protect people who Laws that protect people who give 1give 1stst aid in a good faith and aid in a good faith and without gross negligence or without gross negligence or misconductmisconduct

- Provide complete legal protectionProvide complete legal protection- Anyone giving 1Anyone giving 1stst aid should be aid should be

properly trained and should properly trained and should apply the correct procedures or apply the correct procedures or skillsskills

Procedures to FollowProcedures to Follow

Move a person only if their life is in Move a person only if their life is in dangerdanger

Ask a conscious person for permission Ask a conscious person for permission before giving carebefore giving care

Check the person for life-threatening Check the person for life-threatening conditionsconditions

Call 9-1-1Call 9-1-1 Continue to give care until more Continue to give care until more

highly trained personal arrivehighly trained personal arrive

Why were they Why were they developed?developed?

Good Samaritan Laws were Good Samaritan Laws were developed to encourage people developed to encourage people

to help others in emergency to help others in emergency situationssituations

Preventing Disease Preventing Disease TranmissionTranmission

Follow these guidelines when giving 1Follow these guidelines when giving 1stst aid to help decrease risk of getting or aid to help decrease risk of getting or transmitting an infectious disease:transmitting an infectious disease:

- Avoid contact with blood & other - Avoid contact with blood & other body fluidsbody fluids

- Use protective breathing barriersUse protective breathing barriers- Use disposable glovesUse disposable gloves- Do not touch anything soiled in bloodDo not touch anything soiled in blood

Continued..Continued..

- Wash your hands with Wash your hands with soap and water after soap and water after giving care even if giving care even if youyou’’re wearing glovesre wearing gloves

- Tell EMS if you come Tell EMS if you come in contact with bloodin contact with blood

Why do you think it is Why do you think it is important to avoid important to avoid contact with blood?contact with blood?

Cleaning Up a Blood Cleaning Up a Blood SpillSpill

Clean up spill IMEDIATELY after it Clean up spill IMEDIATELY after it occursoccurs

Use disposable gloves and other Use disposable gloves and other protective equipmentprotective equipment

Wipe up spill with paper towels or Wipe up spill with paper towels or something else durablesomething else durable

After the area has been wiped up use 1 ½ After the area has been wiped up use 1 ½ cups of liquid chlorine bleach : 1 gallon of cups of liquid chlorine bleach : 1 gallon of fresh water and let stand for 10 minutesfresh water and let stand for 10 minutes

Dispose in Biohazard containerDispose in Biohazard container

Three StepsThree Steps

CheckCheck Call Call CareCare

CHECKCHECK

Is the scene safe?Is the scene safe? What Happened?What Happened? How many people are involved?How many people are involved? Is there immediate danger?Is there immediate danger? Is anyone else available to help?Is anyone else available to help? What is wrong?What is wrong?* While checking the person use your * While checking the person use your

senses of sight, smell, and hearingsenses of sight, smell, and hearing

CALL if…CALL if…

If you are caring for a personIf you are caring for a person

Ask a bystander to call 9-1-1Ask a bystander to call 9-1-1

Is UnconsciousIs Unconscious Bleeding SeverelyBleeding Severely Severe BurnSevere Burn Vomiting or passing bloodVomiting or passing blood

Call if.. ContinuedCall if.. Continued

Seizure that last for more than 5 Seizure that last for more than 5 minutes…minutes…

Has a seizures and is pregnantHas a seizures and is pregnant Has a seizure and is diabeticHas a seizure and is diabetic Fails to regain consciousness after a Fails to regain consciousness after a

seizure.seizure. Has injuries to head, neck, or back Has injuries to head, neck, or back

or possible broken bones.or possible broken bones.

Next Step… Call or Care?Next Step… Call or Care?

- Call first- call 9-1-1 before giving Call first- call 9-1-1 before giving carecare

- Care first- provide 2 minutes of care Care first- provide 2 minutes of care before callingbefore calling

Call First for..Call First for..

Unconscious adult or childUnconscious adult or child A sudden collapse of a child or infantA sudden collapse of a child or infant Known heart problemsKnown heart problems

*Likely to be cardiac emergencies*Likely to be cardiac emergencies

Care First for…Care First for…

An unwitnessed collapse of an An unwitnessed collapse of an unconscious person younger than 12 unconscious person younger than 12 years of ageyears of age

A drowning victimA drowning victim

* Breathing related emergencies* Breathing related emergencies

CARECAREOnce you have checked the scene and a person Once you have checked the scene and a person

and made the decision to call 9-1-1- Follow and made the decision to call 9-1-1- Follow these guidelines:these guidelines:

1. Do no further harm1. Do no further harm

2. Monitor the person2. Monitor the person’’s breathing and s breathing and consciousnessconsciousness

3. Make them comfortable3. Make them comfortable

4.Keep them from getting over chilled or 4.Keep them from getting over chilled or overheatedoverheated

5 .Reassure them! 5 .Reassure them! 6. Give any specific care needed6. Give any specific care needed

When to move a victimWhen to move a victim

NEVERNEVER

Unless…Unless…- There is immediate dangerThere is immediate danger- You have to get another personYou have to get another person- When it is necessary to give proper When it is necessary to give proper

carecare

What else…What else…

Emergency Moves Page 22Emergency Moves Page 22

For First Aid Purposes…For First Aid Purposes…

Adult: 12 years old or olderAdult: 12 years old or older

Child 1 year old to 11 years oldChild 1 year old to 11 years old

Infant: Less than 1 year oldInfant: Less than 1 year old

Checking a Conscious Checking a Conscious PersonPersonWhen there is NO immediate life-When there is NO immediate life-

threatening conditions follow these steps:threatening conditions follow these steps:1.1. Interview the person and bystanders Interview the person and bystanders

(record)(record) - What happened?- What happened?- Do you feel pain or discomfort anywhere?Do you feel pain or discomfort anywhere?- Do you have any allergies?Do you have any allergies?- Do you have any medical conditions? Do you have any medical conditions? - Are you taking medicine?Are you taking medicine?- When is the last time you ate?When is the last time you ate?

Checking an Injured person Checking an Injured person (continued)(continued)

Adults: Check Head to ToeAdults: Check Head to ToeChildren & Infants: Toe to HeadChildren & Infants: Toe to Head- Do not move discomfort areas or Do not move discomfort areas or

move them if you suspect head, neck move them if you suspect head, neck and back injuryand back injury

- Check head, scalp, face, ears, nose Check head, scalp, face, ears, nose and mouthand mouth

- Look for cuts, bruises or depressionsLook for cuts, bruises or depressions- Watch for changes in breathingWatch for changes in breathing- Look for changes in skin colorLook for changes in skin color

Checking the BodyChecking the Body

Shoulders: Shrug themShoulders: Shrug them Chest: Take a deep breathChest: Take a deep breath Fingers, hands, arms, hips and legs: Fingers, hands, arms, hips and legs:

Move themMove them Look for signs of discomfortLook for signs of discomfort Look for a medical ID tagLook for a medical ID tag

Checking an Checking an Unconscious PersonUnconscious Person

11stst step: Call 9-1-1 step: Call 9-1-1 Check for an open airway, signs of Check for an open airway, signs of

life, bleeding severely.life, bleeding severely.

**** REMEMBER ABC**** REMEMBER ABC’’s********s********

A- AirwayA- Airway

B- BreathingB- Breathing

C- Circulation (signs of life, pulse for C- Circulation (signs of life, pulse for child or infant or severely bleeding)child or infant or severely bleeding)

A-B-CA-B-C’’ss

Airway: head tilt/chin liftAirway: head tilt/chin lift Breathing: look, listen, feel for no Breathing: look, listen, feel for no

more than –more than –________ ________ Seconds!Seconds!

Not Breathing: Not Breathing: Give 2 Rescue Breaths Give 2 Rescue Breaths

Circulation: check for signs of life Circulation: check for signs of life and severe bleedingand severe bleeding

Unconscious AdultUnconscious Adult

1.1. Check scene and the personCheck scene and the person

2.2. Tap on the shoulder and shout Tap on the shoulder and shout ““Are Are you okay?you okay?””

3.3. No response, Call 9-1-1No response, Call 9-1-1

4.4. Open airway, check for signs of life Open airway, check for signs of life for no more than 10 secondsfor no more than 10 seconds

5.5. If not breathing give 2 rescue If not breathing give 2 rescue breathsbreaths

Continued..Continued..

• If breaths go in, check body for If breaths go in, check body for severe bleeding and get into severe bleeding and get into position for CPR or use AED if position for CPR or use AED if availableavailable

• If person is breathing.. Place in If person is breathing.. Place in recovery position and monitor recovery position and monitor ABCABC’’ss

Unconscious ChildUnconscious Child

1.1. Check scene and childCheck scene and child

2.2. Get consent from parent or guardianGet consent from parent or guardian

3.3. Tap on the shoulder and shout Tap on the shoulder and shout ““Are you Are you okay?okay?””

4.4. No response, Call 9-1-1No response, Call 9-1-1

If alone.. Give 2 minutes of care, then call If alone.. Give 2 minutes of care, then call 911911

5. Open airway (tilt head, lift chin)check for 5. Open airway (tilt head, lift chin)check for signs of life for no more than 10 secondssigns of life for no more than 10 seconds

Unconscious Child Unconscious Child (Continued)(Continued)

6. If not breathing give 2 rescue breaths6. If not breathing give 2 rescue breaths7. If breaths go in..7. If breaths go in..- Check for pulse and severe bleedingCheck for pulse and severe bleedingIf there is a pulse: Start Rescue BreathingIf there is a pulse: Start Rescue BreathingNo pulse: Start CPR/ Use AEDNo pulse: Start CPR/ Use AEDBreaths do NOT go in: Start care for Breaths do NOT go in: Start care for

unconscious choking victimunconscious choking victim8. If breathing… place in the recovery 8. If breathing… place in the recovery

positionposition

Unconscious InfantUnconscious Infant

1.1. Check scene and infantCheck scene and infant2.2. Get consent from parent or guardianGet consent from parent or guardian3.3. Tap on the foot or tap on shoulder and Tap on the foot or tap on shoulder and

shout shout ““Are you okay?Are you okay?””4.4. No response, Call 9-1-1. No response, Call 9-1-1. If alone.. Give 2 minutes of care, then call 911If alone.. Give 2 minutes of care, then call 9115. If an unconscious infant is face down, roll 5. If an unconscious infant is face down, roll

face up supporting their head, neck and face up supporting their head, neck and backback

6. Open airway, check for signs of life for no 6. Open airway, check for signs of life for no more than 10 secondsmore than 10 seconds

Unconscious Infant Unconscious Infant (Continued)(Continued)

7. If not breathing give 2 rescue breaths7. If not breathing give 2 rescue breaths

8. If breaths go in… check pulse8. If breaths go in… check pulse

If breaths DO NOT go in – Care for If breaths DO NOT go in – Care for unconscious choking infantunconscious choking infant

Pulse- Start rescue breathing for an Pulse- Start rescue breathing for an InfantInfant

No Pulse- Start CPRNo Pulse- Start CPR

9. If breathing place in recovery position 9. If breathing place in recovery position and monitor breathingand monitor breathing

When Seconds CountWhen Seconds Count

A breathing problem so severe that is A breathing problem so severe that is threatens a personthreatens a person’’s life is s life is considered a :considered a :

BREATHING EMERGENCYBREATHING EMERGENCY

2 Types:2 Types: Respiratory DistressRespiratory Distress Respiratory ArrestRespiratory Arrest

Respiratory DistressRespiratory DistressBreathing is difficult..Breathing is difficult..

Caused by:Caused by: A partially obstructed airwayA partially obstructed airway IllnessIllness Chronic conditions like asthmaChronic conditions like asthma ElectrocutionElectrocution Heart AttackHeart Attack

Respiratory Distressed Respiratory Distressed (Cont.)(Cont.)

Injury to head, chest, lungs or Injury to head, chest, lungs or abdomenabdomen

DrugsDrugs PoisoningPoisoning Emotional DistressEmotional Distress

Respiratory ArrestRespiratory Arrest

BREATHING STOPS COMPLETELYBREATHING STOPS COMPLETELY

Signals of a Breathing Signals of a Breathing EmergencyEmergency

Trouble breathingTrouble breathing Slow or fast breathingSlow or fast breathing Deep or shallow breathsDeep or shallow breaths Gasping for breathGasping for breath Wheezing, gurgling or making high Wheezing, gurgling or making high

pitched noisespitched noises

Signals (Continued)Signals (Continued)

Unusually moist or cool skinUnusually moist or cool skin Flushed, pale, ashen or blue skin Flushed, pale, ashen or blue skin

colorcolor Shortness of breathShortness of breath Dizziness or lightheadednessDizziness or lightheadedness Pain in chest or tingling in hands, Pain in chest or tingling in hands,

feet or lipsfeet or lips Apprehensive or fearful feelingsApprehensive or fearful feelings

Time is critical in a life-Time is critical in a life-threatening emergency:threatening emergency:

0 minutes- 0 minutes- Breathing stops. Breathing stops. Heart will soon stop Heart will soon stop beatingbeating

4 -6 minutes – Brain 4 -6 minutes – Brain Damage PossibleDamage Possible

6 – 10 minutes – 6 – 10 minutes – Brain Damage LikelyBrain Damage Likely

Over 10 minutes: Over 10 minutes: Irreversible brain Irreversible brain damage certaindamage certain

ChokingChoking

If a person is able to cough, have If a person is able to cough, have them continue to cough- THEY ARE them continue to cough- THEY ARE NOT CHOKINGNOT CHOKING

If a person is choking…ACT right If a person is choking…ACT right away!away!

Universal Sign of Choking:Universal Sign of Choking:

Conscious Choking Adult or Conscious Choking Adult or ChildChild

5 back blows followed by 5 5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrustsabdominal thrusts

Continue this combination until the Continue this combination until the object is dislodged and the person object is dislodged and the person can breath or cough forcefully or can breath or cough forcefully or becomes unconsciousbecomes unconscious

Conscious Choking Conscious Choking InfantInfant

5 Back Blows ( Center of the back 5 Back Blows ( Center of the back between the shoulder blades)between the shoulder blades)

Followed by:Followed by: 5 chest thrusts (Head of infant stays 5 chest thrusts (Head of infant stays

lower than the body when doing lower than the body when doing this)this)

Rescue BreathsRescue BreathsAdult:Adult:

1.1. Tilt head and lift chin, pinch nose shutTilt head and lift chin, pinch nose shut

2.2. Take a breath and make a complete Take a breath and make a complete seal over the personseal over the person’’s mouths mouth

3.3. Blow in to make chest rise Blow in to make chest rise

(each rescue breath should last about 1 (each rescue breath should last about 1 second)second)

• If breaths go in give CPR or use AED If breaths go in give CPR or use AED • If breaths DO NOT go in give care for If breaths DO NOT go in give care for

an unconscious choking victiman unconscious choking victim

ChildChild Check for an unconscious childCheck for an unconscious child

After determining the child has a pulse After determining the child has a pulse but needs help breathing on their own:but needs help breathing on their own:

1.1. Give 1 rescue breath every 3 secondsGive 1 rescue breath every 3 seconds

( Each breath should last about 1 second)( Each breath should last about 1 second)

2. After about 2 minutes recheck signs of 2. After about 2 minutes recheck signs of life and pulse for no more than 10 life and pulse for no more than 10 secondsseconds

If pulse but still not breathing = If pulse but still not breathing = Continue RBContinue RB

If NO PULSE= Start CPRIf NO PULSE= Start CPR

InfantInfant Complete check for unconscious infantComplete check for unconscious infant

After determining the Infant has a pulse After determining the Infant has a pulse but cannot breath on their own:but cannot breath on their own:

1.1. Give 1 Rescue Breath every 3 secondsGive 1 Rescue Breath every 3 seconds- Seal mouth over infants mouth & noseSeal mouth over infants mouth & nose

( Each R.B. should last about 1 second)( Each R.B. should last about 1 second)

2. After about 2 minutes recheck signs of 2. After about 2 minutes recheck signs of life and pulse for no more than 10 life and pulse for no more than 10 secondsseconds

Practice!Practice!

Practice with a partner on checking Practice with a partner on checking an unconscious adult, child, and an unconscious adult, child, and infantinfant

Use pages 39-43 in the textbook as a Use pages 39-43 in the textbook as a guideguide

Be sure to go through the scene from Be sure to go through the scene from the beginningthe beginning

Monday: Skills practice & Peer Monday: Skills practice & Peer AssessmentAssessment