BIOLOGY 414 NOTES Name:________________________ MS. VITALE / MS. MENDENHALL CHAPTER 9: CELLULAR RESPIRATION The Cellular Basis of Life How do organisms obtain energy? Questions you will be able to answer by the end of the chapter: 1. Where do organisms get energy? 2. What is cellular respiration? 3. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? 4. What happens during the process of glycolysis? 5. What happens during the Krebs cycle? 6. How does the electron transport chain use high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle? 7. How much ATP does cellular respiration generate? 8. How do organisms generate energy when oxygen is not available? 9. How does the body produce ATP during different stages of exercise? 1. Where do organisms get energy? Organisms get the energy they need from “food” . Where do we get the energy we need? Where do plants get the energy they need? - carbohydrates, fats, proteins - stored sugars Do we release all the energy at once? No - we need a “controlled 1 / 10
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CHAPTER 9: CELLULAR RESPIRATIONThe Cellular Basis of Life
How do organisms obtain energy?
Questions you will be able to answer by the end of the chapter:1. Where do organisms get energy?2. What is cellular respiration?3. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?4. What happens during the process of glycolysis?5. What happens during the Krebs cycle?6. How does the electron transport chain use high-energy electrons from glycolysis and
the Krebs cycle? 7. How much ATP does cellular respiration generate? 8. How do organisms generate energy when oxygen is not available?9. How does the body produce ATP during different stages of exercise?
1. Where do organisms get energy?
Organisms get the energy they need from “food” .
Where do we get the energy we need? Where do plants get the energy they need?- carbohydrates, fats, proteins - stored sugars
Do we release all the energy at once? No - we need a “controlled release” of energy -
release it slowly - otherwise most energy would be lost as heat and light (example: campfire with lighter fluid vs. without)
How do we measure the energy in the food we eat? calories (a unit like cm for distance)
calorie = the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1oC1000 calories = 1 kilocalorie = 1 Calorie
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2. What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration: the process that releases energy from food when oxygen is present
(“respiration” = “breathing” (exchange of gases - oxygen and carbon dioxide))
There are 3 stages:
1. Glycolysis - occurs in the cytoplasm- produce 2 ATP + NADH2. Krebs Cycle - occurs in the mitochondria (the “powerhouse” of the cell)- produce 2 ATP + NADH + FADH2
3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) - occurs in the mitochondria- produce 32 ATP
Glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down through a series of reactions - when chemical bonds are broken energy is released - this energy is captured in a form cells can use (ATP)
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3. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are REVERSE processes.
Equation for photosynthesis:
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight → Glucose + Oxygen
CO2 + H2O + Sunlight → C6H12O6 + O2
Equation for cellular respiration:
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + ENERGY
C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP
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4. What happens during the process of glycolysis?
Stage 1: Glycolysis
Location: cytoplasm
Inputs: glucose Outputs: pyruvic acid (pyruvate) + 2 ATP + NADH (NADH + FADH2 are high-energy molecules like NADPH in photosynthesis - they store energy but must be “exchanged” for ATP later in cellular respiration)
Recursos en Español (de respiración celular):● Resumen: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiración_celular● Podcast: http://www.investiciencias.com/index.php/articulos/respiracion/respiracion● Podcast: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1Gk78i4Sjc