Ch38 computer aided

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Chapter 38Computer-Aided Manufacturing

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Computer-IntegratedManufacturing

System

Figure 38.1 Schematic illustration of a computer-integrated manufacturingsystem. The manufacturing cells and their controls shown at the lower left aredescribed in Section 39.2. Source: After U. Rembold.

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Modeling Types for CAD

Figure 38.2 Various types of modeling for CAD.

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Types of Splines

Figure 38.3 Types of splines. (a) A Bezier curve passes through the first and lastcontrol point but generates a curve form the other points. Changing a control pointmodifies the entire curve. (b) A B-spline is constructed piecewise so that changing avertex affects the curve only in the vicinity of the changes control point. (c) A third-order (cubic) piecewise Bezier curve constructed through two adjacent control pointsand two other control points defining the curve slope at the endpoints. A third-orderpiecewise Bezier curve is continuous, but its slope may be discontinuous.

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Solid Model

Figure 38.4 (a) Boundary representation of solids showing the enclosing surfaces ofthe solid model and the generated solid model. (b) A solid model represented ascompositions of solid primitives. (c) Three representations of the same part by CAD.Source: After P. Ranky.

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Parametric Design

Figure 38.5 An example of parametric design. Dimensions of part featurescan be modified easily to quickly obtain an updated solid model.

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Octree Representation of a Solid Object

Figure 38.6 The octree representation of a solid object. Any volume can be broken downinto octants, which are then identified as solid, void, or partially filled. Shown is a two-dimensional version (or quadtree) for the representation of shapes in a plane.

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Skeleton Structures

Figure 38.7 (a) Illustration of the skeleton data structure for solid objects. Theskeleton is the dashed line in the object interior. (b) A skeleton model used for thekinematic analysis of a clamp. Source: S. D. Lockhart and C. M. Johnson,Engineering Design Communication, Prentice Hall, 2000.

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Example: CAD Model Development for AutomotiveComponents

Figure 38.8 Every vehicle component,form body panels to knobs on theinstrument panel, has a solid modelassociated with it. Source: Courtesy ofFord Motor Company.

Figure 38.9 First flange and fillet.

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Routing Sheet

Figure 38.10 An example of a simple routing sheet. These operation sheets may includeadditional information on materials, tooling, estimated time for each operation, processingparameters (such as cutting speeds and feeds), and other information. The routing sheettravels with the part from operation to operation. The current practice is to store all relevantdata in computers and to affix to the part a bar code that serves as a key to the database ofparts information.

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Simulation of Robotic Welding Station

Figure 38.11 Simulation of a robotic welding station. A collision has beendetected that production engineers can rectify before building the assembly line,thus reducing development time and cost.

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

GroupingParts

Figure 38.12 Grouping parts according to their (a) geometric similarities and (b)manufacturing attributes.

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Comparison ofPlant Layouts

Figure 38.13 (a) Functionallayout of machine tools in atraditional plant. Arrows indicatethe flow of materials and parts invarious stages of completion. (b)Group-technology (cellular)layout. Legend: L – lathe, M =milling machine, D = drillingmachine, G = grinding machine, A= assembly. Source: After M. P.Groover.

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Decision-Tree Coding for a Sheet-Metal Bracket

Figure 38.14 Decision-tree classification for a sheet-metal bracket. Source: After G.W. Millar

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Optiz CodingSystem

Figure 38.15 Classificationand coding systemaccording to Optizconsisting of a form code of5 digits and asupplementary code of 4digits.

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

MultiClass System

Figure 38.16 Typical multiClass code for a machined part.Source: Courtesy of Organization for Industrial Research.

Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

KK-3System

Figure 38.17 The structureof a KK-3 system forrotational components.Source: Courtesy of JapanSociety for the Promotion ofMachine Industry.