Ch_18.5

CHAPTER 27

Section 1: Setting the Stage for War

Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War

Section 3: The Russian Revolution

Section 4: The Terms of Peace

Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe

World War I and the Russian Revolution

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Bell Ringer 18.5:How was the League of Nations structured, and what was its relationship to the World Court?

Creating a “New” Europe

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League of Nations

__________ ____________ ___________

Permanent MembersRotating Members

WORLDCOURT

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Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

German Republicrepresentatives signthe treaty at the Palaceof Versailles – May 1919

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•Made Germany admit it was guilty of starting the war …and must alone pay reparations (+ the treaty did not even state HOW MUCH Germany had to pay …)

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•Germany lost Alsace-Lorraine to France … Allied troops would occupy the Rhineland.

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Creating a “New” Europe•Germany lost large chunks of territory …

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Military Clauses… abolish their military draft

… army of just 100,000 men

… no heavy artillery, tanks, or planes

… a couple of warships – NO submarines

Ensure that Germany will not be able to start a war.

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Creating a “New” EuropeAustria - The Treaty of St Germain 10th September 1919Land - Austria lost land to Italy, Czechoslovakia and Serbia (Yugoslavia). Army - To be reduced to 30,000 men. Anschluss - Union with Germany was forbidden .Reparations - Austria was to pay reparations but went bankrupt before the rate could be set.

Hungary - The Treaty of Trianon 4th June 1920Land - Hungary lost land to Austria, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Serbia (Yugoslavia) reducing its size from 283,000 sq km to less than 93,000sq km. Population was reduced from 18.2 million to 7.6 million.Army - To be reduced to 35,000 menReparations - Hungary was to pay reparations but the amount was never set.

Bulgaria - The Treaty of Neuilly 27th November 1919Land - Bulgaria lost land to Greece, Romania and Serbia (Yugoslavia). Army - restrictions were made on the size of Bulgaria's armyReparations - Bulgaria had to pay £90 million in reparations

Turkey - The Treaty of Sevres 20th August 1920Land - Turkey lost land to Greece. The League of Nations took control of Turkey's colonies.

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Often new boundaries didnot match natural ethnicdivisions.

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Creating a “New” EuropeGenocide

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The Ottoman

Empire paid a high price for being on the losing

side.

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League of Nations

• Two main aims:– To promote international cooperation– To keep peace among nations by settling

disputes and reducing armaments

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League of Nations

• The Assembly– Each nation = ONE vote

• The Council – main peacekeeping body– GB, Fr, Italy, Japan & US + four rotating members

• The Secretariat – conducted the official work of the League

• World Court in The Hague, Netherlands

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Mandates

… provided a way to deal with the overseas colonies of defeatedpowers UNTIL the people of the colony were READY forindependence.

Political Cartoon

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Political Cartoon

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Exhausted from his vigorous efforts toward ratification of the Versailles Treaty, traveling 8,000 miles by rail around the country, Wilson fell ill and would never fully recover.

He was unable to travel to Norway to accept the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize.

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League of Nations World Court

Secretariat

CouncilPermanent Members

Rotating Members

Assembly

Chapter Wrap-Up

CHAPTER 27

1. What role did propaganda play in World War I?

2. How did World War I affect relations between the world’s great powers?

3. How was industry affected by World War I?

1. What role did propaganda play in World War I?

2. How did World War I affect relations between the world’s great powers?

3. How was industry affected by World War I?