Ch.13 – The US Becomes Stronger

Ch.13 – The US Becomes StrongerI Can… describe and analyze the

territorial expansion of the US using: The LOUISIANA PURCHASE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION

I Can… analyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced population and

economic activities using… Louisiana Purchase – Where is it? Who is

populating it? Which economic activities are successful vs. unsuccessful there? Why?

“Corps of Discovery” – Where is it? Who is populating it? Which economic activities are successful vs. unsuccessful there? Why?

Political parties… remember he is Dem. Republican!ELECTION OF 1800; Jefferson + Burr = 12TH AMENDMENT* Due to a tie in electoral votes for Jefferson and Burr, Constitution says the

House re-votes for tie-breaker, Jefferson wins (with help from Hamilton!?)… this issue leads to adopting the 12th Amendment so separate ballots would be given for P & VP! (Pres. Jefferson, VP Burr 1800; Clinton 1804)

FEDERALIST JUDICIARY worked against Jefferson* Chief Justice John Marshall (until 1835!) and the judges were appointed by

Adams and were Federalists!

Foreign policy… remember he is anti-war!STAND AGAINST PIRACY* The Med. Sea pirate kingdom will end by 1815; first Jefferson and the US

refused to pay bribes and fought against the Barbary (N.African) pirates, later Britain and Holland will do the same. This allows for peaceful trade with Europe, Africa and Middle East.

LOUISIANA PURCHASE: T.Jefferson and the US purchased this land from France in 1803; over 800,000 sq. miles of land west of the Mississippi River which doubled the size of the US!

The West Coast gains attention from Spanish settlements (pg. 327), British-Canadian explorations and American trade by sea!

Great Plains gain attention from the horse-riding Plains Indians and American settling up to the Mississippi River!

With the Louisiana Purchase the US gained the western part of the Mississippi River PLUS all the land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains!

I Can: describe the purchase of this territory (pg.330)

I Can: analyze how this purchase leads to expansion.

I Can: analyze it’s physical features, population, economic uses… t.b.c. section 3!

Pg. 329 – our history with Haiti! This is the island of Hispaniola – where Columbus first

landed!

France owned western half – today Haiti During the French Rev. Haiti revolted and declared their

independence from France (we didn’t help France stop this)! Spain owned eastern half – today Dom. Rep.

1865, Spain un-annexes it!

Section 3: Exploring the Section 3: Exploring the Far WestFar West

The 1The 1stst American American Scientific ExpeditionScientific Expedition•American expedition that explored American expedition that explored

beyond the Mississippibeyond the Mississippi– Known as the Corps of Discovery…aka Known as the Corps of Discovery…aka

the Lewis and Clark Expeditionthe Lewis and Clark Expedition

•Expected to return w/ detailed info Expected to return w/ detailed info about the land, plants and animals, about the land, plants and animals, and the Indiansand the Indians

•Winter 1803- Stay in St. Louis, Winter 1803- Stay in St. Louis, MissouriMissouri– St. Louis would later become the St. Louis would later become the

gateway to the Westgateway to the West

Up the Missouri RiverUp the Missouri River

• May 1804- Expedition finally beginsMay 1804- Expedition finally begins

• Lewis and Clark were to explore the Lewis and Clark were to explore the Missouri River and its tributariesMissouri River and its tributaries

• Hoped to find a water route across the Hoped to find a water route across the continent for the purpose of tradecontinent for the purpose of trade

• Oct. 1804- Settle for the winter in the Oct. 1804- Settle for the winter in the Mandan Indian campMandan Indian camp

On to the PacificOn to the Pacific• Their upriver passage was stopped by Their upriver passage was stopped by

the Great Falls of the Missourithe Great Falls of the Missouri• They made contact w/ the Shoshone They made contact w/ the Shoshone

people in the Rocky Mtnspeople in the Rocky Mtns– The Shoshone traded them horses and led The Shoshone traded them horses and led

them to the Snake Riverthem to the Snake River• Snake flows into the Columbia River which empties Snake flows into the Columbia River which empties

into the Pacific Oceaninto the Pacific Ocean

• Nov. 1805- Lewis and Clark reach the Nov. 1805- Lewis and Clark reach the mouth of the Columbia Rivermouth of the Columbia River– Returned to St. Louis the following yearReturned to St. Louis the following year

• Expedition reinforced the American Expedition reinforced the American claim to the Pacific NWclaim to the Pacific NW

Intrigue in the West 2 yrs. later- Zebulon Pike explores the

southern part of the Louisiana Purchase His mission was to find the Red River Boundary btwn New Spain and Louisiana Made it to the Rockies and camped in

the upper Rio Grande valley Provided the 1st info in English on the

Great Plains and the Rio Grande Valley

Effects of Exploration

• 1.) Produced the 1st accurate maps of the Louisiana Purchase

• 2.) Starts the idea that the Plains were unsuitable for Americans, and that all Indians should move there

• 3.) Sparked an interest in fur trade which will lead to American mountain men adding knowledge of the West as they search for new routes and game

War of 1812War of 1812

•War fought btwn US and Britain from War fought btwn US and Britain from 1812-1815 in which the US wins1812-1815 in which the US wins

•CausesCauses::– 1.) British violation of American sea 1.) British violation of American sea

rightsrights•Captured American ships and cargoes Captured American ships and cargoes

going to Francegoing to France– Forced US sailors to join British navyForced US sailors to join British navy

– 2.) Aid to western Indians2.) Aid to western Indians•Allied themselves w/ Tecumseh and his Allied themselves w/ Tecumseh and his

warriors in Canadawarriors in Canada

•EffectsEffects::–1.) Quieted Indian 1.) Quieted Indian resistanceresistance

–2.) Ended the 2.) Ended the Federalist PartyFederalist Party

Chapter 14: National Chapter 14: National Confidence and Confidence and

Economic Expansion Economic Expansion (1815-1850)(1815-1850)

Section 1: A Spirit of Section 1: A Spirit of NationalismNationalism

I CAN…I CAN…

•1.) Define Nationalism and 1.) Define Nationalism and its effectsits effects

•2.) Define Judicial Review 2.) Define Judicial Review using Marbury vs. Madisonusing Marbury vs. Madison

•3.) Define American System3.) Define American System•4.) Define National Road 4.) Define National Road

and Erie Canaland Erie Canal

The Rise of The Rise of NationalismNationalism•After we beat Britain the 2After we beat Britain the 2ndnd

time, Americans got a new time, Americans got a new sense of sense of nationalismnationalism–Patriotic pride in your Patriotic pride in your countrycountry

•People are proud to be People are proud to be Americans!!Americans!!

The American SystemThe American System•Belief that America should be a self-Belief that America should be a self-

sufficient nation that did not need sufficient nation that did not need foreign products or marketsforeign products or markets– 3 Parts to the system:3 Parts to the system:

•1.) Pass tariffs making foreign goods more 1.) Pass tariffs making foreign goods more costlycostly

•2.) Create a nat’l bank that would 2.) Create a nat’l bank that would strengthen the financial systemstrengthen the financial system

•3.) Improve transportation to help trade 3.) Improve transportation to help trade w/in the countryw/in the country

– 1833- National Road was finished1833- National Road was finished Connects Cumberland, Maryland to Columbus, Connects Cumberland, Maryland to Columbus,

OhioOhio

The Erie CanalThe Erie Canal

• An all-water route from NYC to the Great An all-water route from NYC to the Great LakesLakes– The most successful improvement of the periodThe most successful improvement of the period

• Became the most important route btwn the Became the most important route btwn the Atlantic seaboard and the WestAtlantic seaboard and the West

• Opened the upper Ohio Valley and Great Opened the upper Ohio Valley and Great Lakes region to settlementLakes region to settlement– Farm products from here flowed east which Farm products from here flowed east which

helped eastern city populations growhelped eastern city populations grow• Fed by the West, easterners could focus on trade and Fed by the West, easterners could focus on trade and

manufacturingmanufacturing– Their goods were bought by westernersTheir goods were bought by westerners

Developing the WestDeveloping the West

• Improved transportation, quieted Improved transportation, quieted Indian resistance, and sense of Indian resistance, and sense of restlessness caused Americans to restlessness caused Americans to move westmove west– Brought 4 new states into the Union in Brought 4 new states into the Union in

4 years:4 years:•1.) Indiana (1816)1.) Indiana (1816)

•2.) Mississippi (1817)2.) Mississippi (1817)

•3.) Illinois (1818)3.) Illinois (1818)

•4.) Alabama (1819)4.) Alabama (1819)

I Can… compare regions of the US before 1877 to same places today to analyze changes in land, population, social and economic characteristics.

After the War of 1812, the US gained land from Spain

and dev. a new foreign policy… what does that mean?

The US gains FL• All of Spanish South America became

independent from Spain by 1824.

• Trouble cont. for Spain in North America when Pres. Monroe sent Gen. Jackson to Florida to seize it from the Indians and Spain… Spain then sold East and West FL to the US in 1819 plus gave up their bids in the Oregon Country!

Monroe Doctrine• 1823: Informed the powers

of the ‘Old World’ that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization, and that any effort to extend European political influence into the ‘New World’ would be considered by the United States "as dangerous to our peace and safety." – Basically, the doctrine

warned the European powers “to leave America for the Americans.”

Today the Monroe Doctrine is still an important part of US foreign policy… T.Roosevelt strengthened it to protect S.America.

PRESIDENT THOMAS JEFFERSON 1801-18091803 - Louisiana Purchase & Ohio a state

1804 - 12th Amendment, Burr/Hamilton duel & Lewis and Clark set out 1805 - Barbary pirates defeated in Tripoli

1806 - Noah Webster's first dictionary & Cumberland Road started 1807 - US slave trade with Africa ends & Robert Fulton invents steamboat

PRESIDENT JAMES MADISON 1809-18171811 - First Bank of the United States expires

1812 - War of 1812 begins & LA a state 1814 - Treaty of Ghent ends War of 1812, Hartford Convention, New England

proposes secession 1816 - Second Bank of the United States chartered, establish U.S. Supreme Court's power to review state court decisions= judicial review! & IN a state

1817 - Harvard Law School founded… MS a statePRESIDENT JAMES MONROE 1817-1825

1818 - Cumberland Road opened… IL a state1819 - Panic of 1819 & Adams-Onis Treaty=we get Florida & AL a state

Section 3: The Industrial Revolution in the North

Section 3: The Industrial Revolution in the NorthNow Industry…. that was a revolution

Now Industry…. that was a revolution

The Industrial RevolutionBegan in Britain in the late 1700’s and

started in the textile industryNew inventions would lead to the 1st factoryChanged the way people lived and worked

1793- Samuel Slater brings the Industrial Revolution to the US (builds 1st US factory)1st factory workers were farming families who

were tired of struggling and moved to the city in hopes of a better life

The Importance of the Steam EngineSteam engine carried America into the

modern world by revolutionizing transportation Robert Fulton was the 1st to create a

successful steamship, the Clermont Henry Miller Shreve designed a more powerful

engine, and installed a double-decker boat w/ the paddle wheel in the back This design opened a new era of trade and

transportation on the Mississippi

Steamboats made possible speedy, 2-way travel on America’s rivers and lakes

Railroads Take Over1830s- Inventors adapted steam

power to the locomotiveRail transport moved people and

goods faster than roads or canals

Provided transportation where water travel was impossible

Linked the West more closely w/ the NE

Ch 14: Nat’l Confidence & Economic Expansion

14-4: The Changing South

With the invention of the cotton gin, the South became a one-crop economy = profit,

increase in western settlers, demand for slave labor.

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin• After Industrial Rev. US and European manufacturers

were in demand for cotton but southern workers could clean just 1 lb. a day by hand…

• 1793 Whitney’s wooden box cotton gin cleaned 50 lbs. a day!

Cotton gin changed the South in 3 ways:

1. Allowed the non-coastal states to prosper with cotton plantations – triggers a move westward away from the “old south” coasts.

2. The South’s prosperity became dependent upon cotton = ½ of all exports by 1830!

3. Cotton required a large work force making slavery more important than ever.

Cotton, slavery, population, economy

• A small amt. of southern planters with 50 or more slaves and large land controlled the South’s wealth.

• Those same men were the Congressional representatives.

• Small land farmers with a few slaves followed their policies in hopes of gaining their wealth!

• Slaves made up >1/3 of South’s population…

• >4 million

• As cotton profits rose so did the price of slaves so slave traders gained wealth too!

• Slaves had no rights.• Slaves resisted; they ran

away and sabotaged farms = harsh southern laws

(black codes)