- 1. Document and Web design has five goals: to make a good
impression on readers to help readers understand the structure
andhierarchy of the information to help readers find the
information they need to help readers understand the information to
help readers remember the information Chapter 11. Designing
Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 1
2. There are four principles of design: proximity alignment
repetition contrast Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites
2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 2 3. Proximity organizes this image:
Source: U.S. Department of State, 2011 .Chapter 11. Designing
Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins3 4. Alignment
organizes this image: Source: Carnegie Science Center, n.d.Chapter
11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 4
5. Repetition organizes this image:Source: Myers, 2007, p.
362.Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by
Bedford/St. Martins 5 6. Contrast clarifies this image: Source:
Lambert Coffin, 2010 .Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites
2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 6 7. To plan a design, take these two
steps: Analyze your audience and purpose. Determine your resources.
Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St.
Martins 7 8. For multicultural readers, consider four cultural
preferences: paper size typeface preferences color preferences text
direction Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by
Bedford/St. Martins 8 9. Determine your resources: Time. What is
your schedule? Money. Can you afford professionaldesigners, print
shops, and Web developers? Equipment. Do you have graphics
software,desktop-publishing programs, and a printer? Chapter 11.
Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 9 10.
Consider these four elements when designing documents: size (page
size and page count) paper bindings accessing aidsChapter 11.
Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 10
11. Select one of four common types of binding: loose-leaf binders
ring or spiral binders saddle binding perfect binding Chapter 11.
Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 11
12. Consider using six typical accessing aids: icons color dividers
and tabs cross-reference tables headers and footers page numbering
Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St.
Martins 12 13. Understand how learningtheory relates to page
design: chunking queuing filtering Chapter 11. Designing Documents
and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 13 14. Use two elements
to create your page layout: page grids white space Chapter 11.
Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 14
15. Margins have four purposes: to limit the amount of information
on the page,making the document easier to read and use to provide
space for binding and allow readersto hold the page without
covering up the text to provide a neat frame around the type to
provide space for marginal glossesChapter 11. Designing Documents
and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 15 16. A document bound
like a book has these margins:Chapter 11. Designing Documents and
Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 16 17. A multicolumn
designoffers three advantages: Text is easier to read because the
lines areshorter. Columns allow you to fit more information onthe
page. Columns let you use the principle of repetitionto create a
visual pattern. Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012
by Bedford/St. Martins 17 18. Typography includes seven topics:
typefaces type families case type size line length line spacing
justification Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by
Bedford/St. Martins 18 19. Different typefacesmake different
impressions:This paragraph is typed in Monotype Corsiva typeface.
You are unlikelyto see this style of font in a technical document
because it is too ornateand too hard to read.This paragraph is
Times Roman, an effective typeface for textin the body of technical
documents.This paragraph is Tahoma, which has a modern, high-tech
look. It is best suited for headings and titles intechnical
documents. Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by
Bedford/St. Martins 19 20. Two main categories of typefacesare
serif and sans serif:N Nserif sans serifChapter 11. Designing
Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 20 21. A type
family includes many variations:Some of the members of the
Helvetica family:HelveticaHelvetica BoldHelvetica Bold
ItalicHelvetica NarrowHelvetica Narrow BoldHelvetica Narrow Bold
Italic Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by
Bedford/St. Martins 21 22. Case affects readability:Lowercase
letters are easier to read:Individual variations are greater in
lowercase wordsTHAN THEY ARE IN UPPERCASE WORDS.Chapter 11.
Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 22
23. Different functions call for different type sizes:footnotes8-
or 9-point typebody text10-, 11-, or 12-point typeheadings 2 to 4
points larger than body textindexes2 points smaller than body
texttitles 18 or 24 pointsslides 24- to 36-point type Chapter 11.
Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 23
24. Use line spacing carefully when designing headings:SummaryIn
this example, the writer has skipped a line betweenthe heading and
the text that follows it.SummaryIn this example, the writer has not
skipped a line. Theheading stands out, but not as
emphatically.Summary. This run-in style makes the heading standout
the least.Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by
Bedford/St. Martins 24 25. Use other design featuresfor clarity and
emphasis: rules boxes screens marginal glosses pull quotes Chapter
11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins
25 26. These six principles will help youdesign effective Web sites
and pages: Create informative headers and footers. Help readers
navigate the site. Include extra features readers might need. Help
readers connect with others. Design for readers with disabilities.
Design for multicultural readers. Chapter 11. Designing Documents
and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 26 27. Follow these five
guidelines formaking your site easy to navigate: Include a site map
or index. Use a table of contents at the top of longpages. Help
readers get back to the top of longpages. Include a link to the
home page on everypage. Include textual navigational links at the
bottomof the page.Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites
2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 27 28. This is a typical site map:
Source: National Institutes of Health, 2010 .Chapter 11. Designing
Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 28 29. This is
a typical table of contents:Source: U.S. Copyright Office, 2010
.Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St.
Martins 29 30. Include extra features your readers might need: an
FAQ a search page or engine resource links a printable version of
your site a text-only version of your site Chapter 11. Designing
Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 30 31. Consider
these three types of disabilities: vision impairment hearing
impairment mobility impairment Chapter 11. Designing Documents and
Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 31 32. Follow these three
suggestionswhen designing for multicultural audiences: Use common
words and short sentences and paragraphs. Avoid idioms, both verbal
and visual, that might be confusing. If a large percentage of your
readers speak a language other than English, consider creating a
version of your site in that language.Chapter 11. Designing
Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 32 33. Follow
these four guidelinesfor designing a simple site: Use simple
backgrounds. Use conservative color combinations toincrease text
legibility. Avoid decorative graphics. Use thumbnail graphics.
Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St.
Martins 33 34. Follow these three suggestionsto make text easy to
read: Keep the text short. Chunk information. Make the text as
simple as possible. Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites
2012 by Bedford/St. Martins 34 35. Follow these three suggestionsto
write clear, informative links: Structure your sentences as if
there were nolinks in your text. Indicate what information the
linked pagecontains. Use standard colors for text links. Chapter
11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St. Martins
35 36. This is an effective page design: Source: Gorzalka, 2011
.Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by Bedford/St.
Martins 36 37. This is an effective page design:Source: Tumblr,
2011 .Chapter 11. Designing Documents and Web Sites 2012 by
Bedford/St. Martins 37