Ch04_final - Telecommunications and Networking

7/25/2019 Ch04_final - Telecommunications and Networking

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E. Wainright Martin

Carol V. Brown

Daniel W. DeHayesJeffrey A. HofferWilliam C. Perkins

MANAGINGMANAGINGINFORMATIONINFORMATION

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYFIFH EDII!"

CHAPTER 4

TELECOMMUNICATIONSAND NETWORKING


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2005 Pearson Pren!"e#Ha$$

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S%ar!n( o) e"%no$o(* reso+r"es

S%ar!n( o) ,aa

D!sr!-+e, ,aa &ro"ess!n( an, "$!en.ser/er s*ses

En%an"e, "o+n!"a!ons

Mar1e!n( o+rea"%

THE NEED FOR NETWORKING

Page 96-97


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AN O3ER3IEW OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONSAND NETWORKING

Page 97-98

Networking4

%e e$e"ron!" $!n1!n( o) (eo(ra&%!"a$$* ,!s&erse, ,e/!"es

Telecommunications4

"o+n!"a!ons /o!"e an, ,aa6 a a ,!san"e


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Page 98 Table 4! "unctions o# aTelecommunications Network


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KEY ELEMENTS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGAnalog and Digital Signals

Page 98-!$$

Ana$o( ne7or1+ses "on!n+o+s /o$a(e /ar*!n( asa )+n"!on o) !e

E8a&$e9 /o!"e o/er e$e&%one $!nes

D!(!a$ ne7or1,!re"$* rans!s 7o ,!s"ree saes

Noe9 0 )or &+$se o)) an, : )or &+$se on


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KEY ELEMENTS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGAnalog and Digital Signals

Page 99

%o&em

De/!"e nee,e, 7%en rans!!n( ,aa o/er ana$o( $!nes Con/ers ,aa )ro ,!(!a$ o ana$o( o -e sen o/er ana$o(

e$e&%one $!nes

A$so re"on/ers ,aa -a"1 o ,!(!a$ a)er ,aa rans!ss!on

A--re/!a!on )ormo

,+$aor.dem

o,+$aor


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Analog and Digital Signals

Page 99"igure 4! 'se o# %o&em in Analog Network

KEY ELEMENTS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING


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KEY ELEMENTS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGSpeed of Transmission

Page !$$

(an&wi&t)4> ,!))eren"e -e7een %!(%es an, $o7es )re?+en"!es

"*"$es &er se"on,6 %a "an -e rans!e, on a

s!n($e e,!+> "oon eas+re o) a e,!+@s "a&a"!*


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KEY ELEMENTS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGSpeed of Transmission

Page !$$

Hert* + "*"$es &er se"on,

(au& + n+-er o) s!(na$s sen &er se"on,

(its ,er secon& b,s. + n+-er o) -!s sen &er se"on,

When each cycle sends one signal that transmits exactly onebit of data (often the case), then the three terms are identicalNote/Note/


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KEY ELEMENTS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of Transmission Lines

Page !$!

0witc)e& line s1stem

E8a&$e9 &+-$!" e$e&%one s*se Uses s7!"%!n( "eners o ro+e s!(na$s a$on( -es &oss!-$e &a% o

,es!na!on

Pri2ate &e&icate&. lines Lease, )ro "o&an!es s+"% as MCIB S&r!nB ATT

Use ,!re" &%*s!"a$ $!nes -e7een so+r"e an, ,es!na!on


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2005 Pearson Pren!"e#Ha$$#

KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !$!

0im,le3 + ,aa ra/e$s !n one ,!re"!on on$* Hal#-&u,le3 + ,aa "an ra/e$ !n -o% ,!re"!onsB -+ on$* one

,!re"!on a a !e

"ull-&u,le3 + ,aa ra/e$s !n -o% ,!re"!ons a %e sae !e


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Transmission Media

Page !$!

KEY ELEMENTS OF



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Transmission Media

Page !$!

KEY ELEMENTS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING Typical Speeds

Table 4 Telecommunications Transmission 0,ee&s


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Transmission Media

Page !$

KEY ELEMENTS OF


"igure 45 Construction o# a Coa3ial Cable


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Cor,$ess e$e&%one

Ce$$+$ar &%one

W!re$ess LAN

M!"ro7a/e

Sae$$!e

Transmission Media

Page !$

ireless4-roa,"as e"%no$o(* !n 7%!"% ra,!o s!(na$s are sen o+

!no %e a!r

KEY ELEMENTS OF



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Transmission Media

Page !$

KEY ELEMENTS OF


"igure 44 0atellite Communications


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !$-!$6

"iber-o,tic cabling

Ne7es rans!ss!on e,!+ Trans!s ,aa -* &+$ses o) $!(% %ro+(% %!n )!-er o) ($ass

M+"% )aser %an o%er e,!a

T%!nner re?+!res $ess s&a"e

More se"+re %ar,er o a&


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KEY ELEMENTS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTopology of Networks

Page !$6

To,olog14er +se, o ,es"r!-e %e "on)!(+ra!on or

arran(een o) ne7or1 ,e/!"es an, e,!a


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Topology of Networks

Page !$6

KEY ELEMENTS OF


"igure 4 Network To,ologies


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More Complex Networks

Page !$7 "igure 46 2(N0 Network %a,


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KEY ELEMENTS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of Networks

Page !$8

Co&+er Te$e"o+n!"a!ons Ne7or1s

Pr!/ae -ran"% e8"%an(e P6 Ne7or1s

Lo"a$ Area Ne7or1s LANs6

a"1-one Ne7or1s

W!,e Area Ne7or1s WANs6

Inerne

Inerne2


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !$8

Com,uter Telecommunications Networks

Eanaes )ro a s!n($e e,!+ or $ar(e "o&+er

Us+a$$* arran(e, as a ree Uses "oa8!a$ an, 7!se, &a!r "a-$!n(

Conro$$e, -* "enra$ "o&+er

O)en %as a )ron#en, &ro"essor o %an,$e a$$ as&e"s o) e$e"o+n!"a!ons


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Page !$8 "igure 47 Com,uterTelecommunications Network


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !$9

Pri2ate (ranc) E3c)anges P(.

Or!(!na$$* ana$o(B o,a* +s+a$$* ,!(!a$

Can ser/e as %e "enra$ ,e/!"e !n a sar or r!n( ne7or1

Can )+n"!on as )ron#en, &ro"essor )or a!n)rae


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !$9

Pri2ate (ranc) E3c)anges P(.

A,/ana(es9

Can "onne" ALL e$e"o+n!"a!ons ,e/!"es !n a -+!$,!n( or "a&+s

Can +se e8!s!n( e$e&%one 7!r!n(

Can "arr* /o!"e an, ,aa o/er sae ne7or1

Has a %!(%#&oen!a$ %ro+(%&+


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Page !$9 "igure 48 0c)ematic Re,resentation o# a P(


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !$9

:ocal Area Networks

O7ne, -* a s!n($e or(an!a!on

O&erae 7!%!n area 2# !$es !n ,!aeer

Cona!n a n+-er o) !ne$$!(en ,e/!"esB +s+a$$* !"ro"o&+ersB %a "an &ro"ess ,aa -ase, on &eer#o#&eer re$a!ons%!&

No &ar o) e$e&%one s*seB %a/e %e!r o7n 7!r!n(


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !$9

:AN To,ologies an& 0tan&ar&s

Conen!on -+s ,es!(n IEEE =02

To1en -+s ,es!(n IEEE =02'

To1en r!n( ,es!(n IEEE =025

W!re$ess ,es!(n IEEE =02::

Local Area Networks


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KEY ELEMENTS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGLocal Area Networks

Page !!$

Contention (us ;esign Et)ernet.

+s o&o$o(*

I&$eene, 7!% "oa8 or 7!se, &a!r

Us+a$$* %a$)#,+&$e8

A$$ ,e/!"es "onen, )or +se o) "a-$e

Des!(n no7 "a$$e, S%are, E%erne +ses a "onen!on -+s as !s $o(!"a$ o&o$o(* an, !&$eene, 7!% a &%*s!"a$ sar arran(een


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Page !$9 "igure 49 0)are& Et)ernet To,olog1/ :ogical (us< P)1sical 0tar


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !!$

0witc)e& Et)ernet

Ne7er /ar!a!onB -eer &er)oran"eB %!(%er &r!"e

Uses s7!"% !nsea, o) %+- O&eraes -o% $o(!"a$ an, &%*s!"a$ sar

Ea"% ,e/!"e %as o7n ,e,!"ae, "!r"+!

Local Area Networks


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !!$

Token (us

E&$o*s -+s o&o$o(*B no "onen!on

Uses s!n($e o1en &asse, aro+n, o a$$ ,e/!"es !n or,er De/!"e "an on$* rans! 7%en %as o1en

Cenra$ o Man+)a"+r!n( A+oa!on Proo"o$ MAP64 "onne"s ro-os an, o%er a"%!nes on asse-$* $!ne -* a LAN

Local Area Networks


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !!!

Token Ring

De/!"e aa"%e, o r!n( +s se!e o1en -e)ore "an sen, a essa(e

Co$$!s!ons "anno o""+r

Us+a$ !&$eena!on !s &%*s!"a$ sarB $o(!"a$ r!n(

Local Area Networks


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !!!

ireless :AN Kno7n as W!#F! 7!re$ess )!,e$!*6

Gro7!n( !n ,ean, )or "or&orae an, %oe +se Use IEEE =02:: san,ar,s 7!% s%are, E%erne ,es!(n Re?+!res +se o) 7!re$ess ne7or1 !ner)a"e "ar, NIC6 W!re$ess A""ess Po!n WAP6 4 ra,!o rans"e!/er %a a"s as a %+-

Local Area Networks


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Page !! "igure 4!$ ireless :ocal Area Network To,olog1


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !!5

(ackbone Network

In#-e7een ne7or1 %a !ner"onne"s LANs !n a s!n($e or(an!a!on 7!% ea"% o%er an, 7!%or(an!a!on@s WAN an, %e Inerne


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The

backbone.

"etwork #er$i%e Pro$i&er '"#P(

"etwork

A%%ess Point

'"AP(

"etwork

A%%ess Point

'"AP(

"etwork #er$i%e Pro$i&er '"#P(

)egional I#P)egional I#P )egional I#P

*o%al I#P *o%al I#P*o%al I#P

Ma+or I#P

Ma+or I#P

Ma+or

%or,oratenetwork

Ma+or

%or,orate

network

Ma+or

%or,orate

network


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"igure

!6Packet

switc)ing

Pa%ket A- Pa%ket A Pa%ket A/

Message A

Pa%ket A- Pa%ket A Pa%ket A/

Message A

Pa%ket A/ Pa%ket Pa%ket

Pa%ket Pa%ket A Pa%ket

!,en Pa%ket Pa%ket

Pa%ket A- Pa%ket !,en

Pa%ket Pa%ket !,en

Pa%ket Pa%ket Pa%ket


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !!5

(ackbone network terminolog1/

r!,(e4 "onne"s 7o LANs +s!n( sae &roo"o$

Ro+er (ae7a*64 "onne"s 7o or ore LANs %a a* +se ,!))eren &roo"o$s

S7!"%4 "onne"s ore %an 7o LANs +s!n( %e sae &roo"o$s


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Page !! "igure 4!! 0am,le (ackbone Network


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !!4

i&e Area Networks ANs.

Co+n!"ae /o!"e an, ,aa a"ross (reaer ,!san"es

Us+a$$* o7ne, -* se/era$ or(an!a!ons !n"$+,!n( +ser or(an!a!on an, "oon "arr!er6

E&$o* &o!n#o#&o!n rans!ss!on

O)en re$* on &+-$!" e$e&%one ne7or1


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KEY ELEMENTS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of WANs

Page !!

S7!"%e,#"!r"+!

D!re" ,!san"e ,!a$!n( DDD6

W!,e Area Te$e&%one Ser/!"e WATS6

Ine(rae, Ser/!"e D!(!a$ Ne7or1 ISDN6

De,!"ae,#"!r"+!

Lease, $!nes

Sae$$!e


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !!6

Pa"1e#s7!"%e,

S%are, &r!/ae $!nes +s!n( sore#an,#)or7ar, ,aa rans!ss!on Per!s +$!&$e "onne"!ons o e8!s s!+$aneo+s$* o/er %e

sae &%*s!"a$ "!r"+!

Types of WANs


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !!7-!!8

T)e =nternet

Ne7or1 o) ne7or1s %a +se %e TCP.IP &roo"o$

Cona!n (ae7a*s o "o&+ers %a ,o no +se TCP.IP

Pro/!,es )o+r -as!" )+n"!ons9 E$e"ron!" a!$

Reoe $o(!n

D!s"+ss!on (ro+&s

S%ar!n( o) ,aa reso+r"es


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Page !!8 Table 44 =nternet A,,lications


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KEY ELEMENTS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGDSL, Cable Modem, and Satellite

Page !$

=nternet access ser2ices/

D!(!a$ s+-s"r!-er $!ne DSL64 ser/!"e o))ere, -* e$e&%one "o&an!es +s!n( "o&&er 7!re a$rea,* !nsa$$e, !n

%oes o/!n( ,aa o/er 7!res 7!%o+ ,!s+r-!n( /o!"e ra))!" Ca-$e o,e4 "onne"!on o-a!ne, )ro "a-$e T3 "o&an* +s!n( e8!s!n( %oe "oa8!a$ "a-$e

Sae$$!e4 os e8&ens!/eB -+ a* -e on$* o&!on )or "+soers !n r+ra$ areas


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KEY ELEMENTS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGIntranets

Page !

=ntranet4a ne7or1 o&era!n( 7!%!n an or(an!a!on %a +ses

%e TCP.IP &roo"o$


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=ntranet< E3tranet< an& >PN

Tec)nologies


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !

=nternet4no#)or#&ro)! "onsor!+ o) o/er 200 +n!/ers!!esB

7or1!n( 7!% o/er ;0 e"%no$o(* "o&an!es an, %e

US (o/ernenB o ,e/e$o& an, ,e&$o* a,/an"e,

ne7or1 a&&$!"a!ons an, e"%no$o(!es


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !5

Pr!ar* (oa$s o) Inerne29 Creae a $ea,!n(#e,(e ne7or1 "a&a-!$!* )or %e na!ona$ resear"%

"o+n!* Ena-$e re/o$+!onar* Inerne a&&$!"a!ons -ase, on a +"% %!(%er#

&er)oran"e Inerne %a 7e %a/e o,a* Ens+re %e ra&!, rans)er o) ne7 ne7or1 ser/!"es an, a&&$!"a!ons

o %e -roa,er Inerne "o+n!*


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KEY ELEMENTS OF

TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGNetwork Protocols

Page !4

Protocol4a(ree,#+&on se o) r+$es (o/ern!n( "o+n!"a!on

aon( $a*ers or $e/e$s o) a ne7or1


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !4

LAN &roo"o$s9 Conen!on -+s

To1en -+s To1en r!n(

W!re$ess

IM@s o7n &roo"o$ 4 S*ses Ne7or1 Ar"%!e"+re SNA6

Network Protocols


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KEY ELEMENTS OF


Page !4-!

Inerna!ona$ Or(an!a!on )or San,ar,!a!on ISO6 ne7or1

&roo"o$ 4 O&en S*ses Iner"onne"!on Re)eren"e Mo,e$ OSI6 T%o+(% o -e"oe %e on$* san,ar, )or ne7or1!n(

Ga!ne, oen+ +n!$ Inerne e8&$os!on

Trans!ss!on Conro$ Proo"o$.Inerne Proo"o$TCP.IP6 Has -e"oe %e ,e )a"o san,ar, )or ne7or1!n( o,a*

Network Protocols


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T%e TCP.IP Proo"o$ S+!e

Client workstation Host ser$er


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Using TCP/IP

protocols todownload a

page.

#ele%t ,age Dis,lay ,age

)e01est ,age

'HP(

)esol$e

&omain name

a&&ress'DM#(

)o1te ,a%ket

)e01est

Create ,a%ket

#en& ,a%ket

Che%k ,a%ket

Page

Pass ,age to

2rowser

'HP(

Assem2le

,a%kets

A%%e,t ,a%ket

Browser

Pass re01est to

ser$er 'HP(

#en& ,age

'HP(

Assem2le

,a%kets

Che%k ,a%ket

A%%e,t ,a%ket#en& ,a%ket

)o1te ,a%ket

Create ,a%ket

)etrie$e ,age

We2 ser$er

A,,li%ation layer

rans,ort layer

Internet layer

"etwork a%%ess

layer

Internet


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Page !6 "igure 4!7 ;ata Transmission (ase& on ?0= %o&el


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THE EPLODING ROLE OF


Page !8-!9

On$!ne O&era!ons

Conne"!/!* E$e"ron!" Daa Iner"%an(e EDI6 an,

E$e"ron!" Coer"e

Mar1e!n(


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THE TELECOMMUNICATIONSINDUSTRY

Carr!ers

O7n or $ease %e &%*s!"a$ &$an 4 "a-$!n(B

sae$$!esB "e$$+$ar o7ersB e" Se$$ ser/!"e o) rans!!n( "o+n!"a!on

)ro one $o"a!on o ano%er

Page !5$


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E?+!&en /en,ors

Man+)a"+re an, se$$ LAN so)7are an,

%ar,7are In"$+,es ro+ersB %+-sB 7!re$ess a""ess

&o!nsB ,!(!a$ s7!"%esB +$!&$e8ersB "e$$+$ar

e$e&%onesB o,es

Page !5$


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Ser/!"e &ro/!,ers

O&erae ne7or1s an, ,e$!/er ser/!"es

%ro+(% %e ne7or1 Pro/!,e a""ess o or ser/!"es /!a %e Inerne

s+"% as AOLB M!"roso) Ne7or1B Ya%ooB an,

an* ISPs

Ch04_final - Telecommunications and Networking

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