This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
For complete product specifications in CSI format, see Eaton’s Cutler-Hammer Product Specification Guide on enclosed CD-ROM:1995 CSI Format: Fixed Power Factor Correction Equipment — LV(UNIVAR) . . . . .
Section 16280A
Switched Power Factor Correction Equipment — LV (AUTOVAR) .
There are two basic types of capacitor installations: individual capacitors on linear or sinusoidal loads, and banks of fixed or automatically switched capacitors at the feeder or substation.
Individual vs. Banked Installations
Advantages of individual capacitors at the load:
■
Complete control. Capacitors cannot cause problems on the line during light load conditions.
■
No need for separate switching. Motor always operates with capacitor.
■
Improved motor performance due to more efficient power utilization and reduced voltage drops.
■
Motors and capacitors can be easily relocated together.
■
Easier to select the right capacitor for the load.
■
Reduced line losses.
■
Increased system capacity.
Advantages of bank installations at the feeder or substation:
■
Lower cost per kvar.
■
Total plant power factor improved — reduces or eliminates all forms of kvar charges.
■
Automatic switching ensures exact amount of power factor correction, eliminates overcapacitance and resulting overvoltages.
Table 37.0-1. Summary of Advantages/Disadvantages of Individual, Fixed Banks, Automatic Banks, Combination
Selection Criteria
The selection of the type of capacitor installation will depend on advantages and disadvantages of each type and several plant variables, including load type, load size, load constancy, load capacity, motor starting methods and manner of utility billing.
Load Type
If a facility has many large motors, 50 hp and above, it is usually economical to install one capacitor per motor and switch the capacitor and motor together. If there are many small motors, 1/2 to 25 hp, motors can be grouped with one capacitor at a central point in the distribution system. Often, the best solution for plants with large and small motors is to use both types of capacitor installations.
Load Size
Facilities with large loads benefit from a combination of individual load, group load and banks of fixed and automatically-switched capacitor units. A small facility, on the other hand, may require only one capacitor at the control board.
Sometimes, only an isolated trouble spot requires power factor correction in applications such as welding machines, induction heaters or dc drives. If a particular feeder serving a low power factor load is corrected, it may raise overall plant power factor enough that additional capacitors are unnecessary.
Load Constancy
If a facility operates around-the-clock and has a constant load demand, fixed capacitors offer the greatest economy. If load is determined by eight-hour shifts five days a week, utilize switched units to decrease capacitance during times of reduced load.
Method Advantages Disadvantages
IndividualCapacitors
Most technically efficient, most flexible Higher installation and maintenance cost
Fixed Bank Most economical, fewer installations Less flexible, requires switches and/or circuit breakers
AutomaticBank
Best for variable loads, prevents overvoltages, low installation cost
Higher equipment cost
Combination Most practical for larger numbers of motors
Least flexible
Load Capacity
If feeders or transformers are over-loaded, or to add additional load to already loaded lines, correction must be applied at the load. If a facility has surplus amperage, capacitor banks can be installed at main feeders. If load varies a great deal, automatic switching is probably the answer.
Utility Billing
The severity of the local electric utility tariff for power factor will affect payback and ROI. In many areas, an optimally designed power factor correction system will pay for itself in less than two years.
National Electric Code Requirements for Capacitors
Nameplate kvar
: Tolerance +15, -0%.
Discharge Resistors
: Capacitors rated at 600 volts and less must reduce the charge to less than 50 volts within 1 minute of de-energization. Capacitors rated above 600 volts must reduce the charge within 5 minutes.
Continuous Operation
: Up to 135% rated (nameplate) kvar, including the effects of 110% rated voltage (121% kvar), 15% capacitance tolerance and harmonic voltages over the fundamental frequency (60 Hz).
Dielectric Strength Test:
Twice the rated ac voltage (or a dc voltage 4.3 times the ac rating for non-metallized systems).
Overcurrent Protection
: Fusing between 1.65 and 2.5 times rated current to protect case from rupture. Does not preclude NEC
�
requirement for overcurrent protection in all three ungrounded conductors.
Note:
When capacitor is connected to the load side of the motor overcurrent protection, fused disconnects or breaker protection is not required. Fuses are recom-mended for all other indoor applications.
CA08104001E For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
37.0-3
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors & Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Application Considerations
Switching Devices
Sheet 1625
Capacitor Switching Devices
Medium Voltage Capacitor Switching
Capacitance switching constitutes severe operating duty for a circuit breaker. At the time the breaker opens at near current zero the capacitor is fully charged. After interruption, when the alternating voltage on the source side of the breaker reaches its opposite maximum, the voltage that appears across the contacts of the open breaker is at least twice the normal peak line-to-neutral voltage of the circuit. If a breakdown occurs across the open contact the arc is re-established. Due to the circuit constants on the supply side of the breaker, the voltage across the open contact can reach three times the normal line-to-neutral voltage. After it is interrupted and with subse-quent alternation of the supply side voltage, the voltage across the open contact is even higher.
ANSI Standard C37.06 (indoor oilless circuit breakers) indicates the preferred ratings of Eaton’s Cutler-Hammer
�
Type VCP-W vacuum breaker. For capacitor switching careful attention should be paid to the notes accompa-nying the table. The definition of the terms are in ANSI Standard C37.04 Article 5.13 (for the latest edition). The application guide ANSI/IEEE Standard C37.012 covers the method of calculation of the quantities covered by C37.06 Standard.
Note that the definitions in C37.04 make the switching of two capacitors banks in close proximity to the switch-gear bus a back-to-back mode of switching. This classification requires a definite purpose circuit breaker (breakers specifically designed for capacitance switching).
We recommend that such application be referred to Eaton.
A breaker specified for capacitor switching should include as applicable:
1. Rated maximum voltage.
2. Rated frequency.
3. Rated open wire line charging switching current.
4. Rated isolated cable charging and shunt capacitor switching current.
5. Rated back-to-back cable charging and back-to-back capacitor switch-ing current.
6. Rated transient overvoltage factor.
7. Rated transient inrush current and its frequency.
8. Rated interrupting time.
9. Rated capacitive current switching life.
10. Grounding of system and capacitor bank.
Loadbreak interrupter switches
are permitted by ANSI/IEEE Standard C37.30 to switch capacitance but they must have tested ratings for the purpose. Refer to Cutler-Hammer Type MVS ratings.
Low Voltage Capacitor Switching
Circuit breakers and switches for use with a capacitor must have a current rating in excess of rated capacitor current to provide for overcurrent from overvoltages at fundamental frequency and harmonic currents. The following percent of the capacitor-rated current should be used as a general guideline:
The NEC, Section 460-8(c)(4), requires the disconnecting means to be rated not less than 135% of the rated capacitor current (for 600 V and below). See
Page 37.0-4
for more information on
Low Voltage Capacitor Switching Devices.
Projects which anticipate requiring capacitor bank switching or fault interrupting should identify the breakers that must have capacitive current switching ratings on the equip-ment schedules and contract drawings used for the project. Manufacturer’s standard medium voltage breakers meeting ANSI C37.xx are not all rated for switching capacitive loads. Special breakers are usually available from vendors to comply with the ANSI C37.012 (Application Guide for Capacitor Current Switching) and other applicable ANSI standards. The use of capacitive current rated breakers can affect the medium voltage switchgear layout, thus early identification of these capacitive loads are critical to the design process.
For example, the standard 15 kV Eaton 150 VCP-W 500, 1200 ampere vacuum breaker does not have a capacitive current switching rating, however the 15 kV Eaton 150 VCP-W 25C, 1200 ampere vacuum breaker does have the following general purpose ratings:
■
25 ampere rms cable charging current switching.
■
Isolated shunt capacitor bank switching current ratings of 25 to 600 amperes.
■
Definite purpose back-to-back capacitor switch ratings required when two banks of capacitors are independently switched from the 15 kV switchgear bus.
The special breakers with these capacitive current ratings do not have UL labels, thus UL assembly ratings are not available.
Contact Eaton for more details on vacuum breaker and fused load interrupter switch products with capacitive switching current ratings at medium voltages.
37.0-4
For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
CA08104001E
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors & Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Application Considerations
Switching Devices
Sheet 1626
Table 37.0-2. Recommended Switching Devices
�
Table 37.0-2. (Continued)
�
Switching device ratings are based on percentage of capacitor-rated current as indicated (above). The interrupting rating of the switch must be selected to match the system fault current available at the point of capacitor application. Whenever a capacitor bank is purchased with less than the ultimate kvar capacity of the rack or enclosure, the switch rating should be selected based on the ultimate kvar capacity — not the initial installed capacity.
Capacitor Rating Amperes
kvar CapacitorRatedCurrent
SafetySwitchFuse Rating
MoldedCase BreakerTrip Rating
PowerBreakerTrip Rating
240 Volts
2.5 5 7.5
6.0 12.0 18.0
15 20 30
15 20 30
15 20 30
10 15 20
24.1 36.1 48.1
40 60 80
40 70 90
40 50 70
25 30 45
60 72.2108
100 125 200
100 125 175
90 100 150
50 60 75
120144180
200 250 300
200 225 275
175 200 250
90100120
217240289
400 400 500
350 400 500
300 350 400
125135150
301325361
500 600 600
500 500 600
450 500 500
180200225
433480541
800 800 900
700 800 900
600 700 800
240250270
578602650
100010001200
900 9001000
800 9001000
300360375
720866903
120016001500
———
120012001200
480 Volts
2 5 7.5
2.41 6.01 9.0
15 15 15
15 15 15
15 15 15
10 15 20
12.0 18.0 24.0
20 30 40
20 30 40
20 30 40
25 30 35
30.0 36.1 42
50 60 70
50 70 70
50 50 60
40 45 50
48.1 54 60.1
80 90 100
100 100 100
70 80 90
60 75 80
72.2 90.2 96.2
125 150 175
125 150 150
100 125 150
90100120
108120144
200 200 250
175 200 225
150 175 200
125150160
150180192
250 300 350
225 300 300
200 250 300
180200225
216241271
400 400 500
350 400 500
300 350 400
240250300
289301361
500 500 600
500 500 600
400 400 500
320360375
385433451
700 800 800
600 700 700
600 600 600
400450
481541
800 900
800 900
800 800
Capacitor Rating Amperes
kvar CapacitorRatedCurrent
SafetySwitchFuse Rating
MoldedCase BreakerTrip Rating
PowerBreakerTrip Rating
600 Volts
5 7.5 10
4.8 7.2 9.6
15 15 20
15 15 15
15 15 15
15 20 25
14.4 19.2 24.1
25 35 40
30 30 40
20 30 40
30 35 40
28.9 33.6 38.5
50 60 70
50 50 70
40 50 70
45 50 60
43.3 48.1 57.8
80 80100
70100100
70 70 90
75 80100
72.2 77.0 96.2
125150175
125125150
100125150
120125150
115120144
200200250
175200225
175175200
160180200
154173192
300300350
250300300
225250300
225240250
217231241
400400400
350350400
300350350
300320360
289306347
500600600
500500600
400500500
375400450
361385433
600700800
600600700
500600600
CA08104001E For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
37.0-5
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors & Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Application Considerations
Capacitor Installation
Sheet 1627
Installing Capacitors in aPlant Distribution System
At the Load
Since capacitors act as kvar genera-tors, the most efficient place to install them is directly at the motor, where kvar is consumed. Three options exist for installing capacitors at the motor. Use
Figures 37.0-1
–
37.0-7
, and the information below to determine which option is best for each motor.
Location A — Motor Side of Overload Relay
■
New motor installations in which overloads can be sized in accor-dance with reduced current draw.
■
Existing motors when no overload change is required.
Location B — Line Side of Overload Relay
■
Existing motors when overload rat-ing surpasses code (see Appendix for NEC code requirements).
Location C — Line Side of Starter
■
Motors that are jogged, plugged, reversed.
■
Multi-speed motors.
■
Starters with open transition and starters that disconnect/reconnect capacitor during cycle.
■
Motors that start frequently.
■
Motor loads with high inertia, where disconnecting the motor with the capacitor can turn the motor into a self-excited generator.
At the Service Feeder
When correcting entire plant loads, capacitor banks can be installed at the service entrance, if load conditions and transformer size permits. If the amount of correction is too large, some capacitors can be installed at individual motors or branch circuits.
When capacitors are connected to the bus, feeder, motor control center or switchboard, a disconnect and over-current protection must be provided.
Figure 37.0-2. Installing Capacitors Online
�
Refer to
Pages 37.0-3
and
37.0-13
for switching device considerations and conductor sizing.
Locating Capacitors on Motor Circuits
Figure 37.0-1. Locating Capacitors on Motor Circuits
Main Busor Feeder
Fused Switch or Circuit Breaker �
CapacitorBank
Motor
MotorFeed
MotorStarter
Fused SafetySwitch or Breaker
Install atLocation:
CapacitorC
CapacitorB
CapacitorA
Thermal OverloadB AC
37.0-6
For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
CA08104001E
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors & Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Application Considerations
Locating Capacitors
Sheet 1628
Locating Capacitors on Reduced Voltage and Multi-Speed Motors
Figure 37.0-3. Autotransformer — Closed TransitionNote: Connect capacitor on motor side of starting contacts (2, 3, 4) at points A – B – C.
Figure 37.0-4. Series Resistance StartingNote: Connect capacitor on motor side of starting contactor (1, 2, 3) at points A – B – C.
Figure 37.0-5. Part-Winding StartingNote: Connect capacitor on motor side of starting contacts (1, 2, 3) at points A – B – C.
Figure 37.0-6. Wye-Delta StartingNote: Connect capacitor on motor side of starting contacts (1, 2, 3) at points A – B – C.
Figure 37.0-7. Reactor StartingNote: Connect capacitor on motor side of starting contactor (1, 2, 3) at points A – B – C.
MotorStator
5
4
3
2
1
C
B
A
6
7Line
Start: Close 6-7-2-3-4Transfer: Open 6-7Run: Close 1-5
MotorStator
1
2
3 A
B
6 9
5 8
4 7
Line
Start: Close 1-2-3Second Step: Open 4-5-6Third Step: Close 7-8-9
C
MotorStatorStart: Close 1-2-3
Run: Close 4-5-6
A
B
C2
1
3Line
6
5
4
1
2
Line
Wye Start: Close 1-2-3-7-8Delta Run: Close 1-2-3-4-5-6
4
B 5
A
7
8
63
C
MotorStator
MotorStator
A
Line
3
B2
C1
6
5
4
Start: Close 1-2-3Run: Close 4-5-6
CA08104001E For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
37.0-7
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors & Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Application Considerations
Harmonic Considerations
Sheet 1629
Harmonic Considerations
A discussion of power system harmonics is incomplete without discussing the effects of power factor correction capacitors. In an industrial plant containing power factor correction capacitors, harmonic currents and voltages can be magnified considerably due to the interaction of the capacitors with the service transformer. This is referred to as
harmonic resonance or parallel resonance
. For a typical plant containing power factor correction capacitors, the res-onant frequency (frequency at which amplification occurs) normally falls in the vicinity of the 5th to the 13th harmonic. Since non-linear loads typically inject currents at the 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonics, a resonant or near-resonant condition will often result if drives and capacitors are installed on the same system, producing the symptoms and problems outlined in the previous section.
Note:
Capacitors themselves do not cause harmonics, but only aggravate potential harmonic problems. Often, harmonic-related problems do not “show up” until capacitors are applied for power factor correction.
It is a common misconception that the problem of applying capacitors in harmonic environments is limited to problems caused for the capacitor itself — that the capacitor’s lower impedance at higher frequencies causes a current overload into the capacitor and, therefore, must be removed. How-ever, the capacitor/harmonics problem must be viewed from a power system standpoint. The capacitor-induced increase of harmonic voltages and currents on a plant’s system may be causing problems while the capacitor itself remains within its acceptable current rating.
Capacitor Banks and Transformers Can Cause Resonance
Capacitors and transformers can create dangerous reso-nance conditions when capacitor banks are installed at the service entrance. Under these conditions, harmonics pro-duced by non-linear devices can be amplified many fold.
Problematic amplification of harmonics becomes more likely as more kvar is added to a system which contains a significant amount of non-linear load.
An estimate of the resonant harmonic frequency is found by using the following formula:
If h is near the values of the major harmonics generated by a non-linear device — i.e., 3, 5, 7, 11 — then the resonance circuit will greatly increase harmonic distortion.
For example, if a plant has a 1,500 kVA transformer with a 5-1/2% impedance and the short-circuit rating of the utility is 48,000 kVA, then kVA
sys
would equal 17,391 kVA.
If 350 kvar of capacitors were used to improve power factor, h would be:
Because h falls right on the 7th harmonic, these capacitors could create a harmful resonance condition if non-linear devices were present in the factory. In this case the capacitors should be applied only as harmonic filtering assemblies.
Diagnosing a Potential Harmonics Related Problem
Negative symptoms of harmonics on plant equipment include blown fuses on capacitors, reduced motor life, false or spurious operations of fuses or circuit breakers, decreased life or increased noise in transformers or mis-operation of electronic or microprocessor controls. If one or more of these symptoms occurs with regularity, then the following steps should be taken.
1. If the plant contains power factor correction capacitors, the current into the capacitors should be measured using a ‘true rms’ current meter. If this value is higher than the capacitor’s rated current at the system voltage (by >5% or so), the presence of harmonic voltage distortion is likely.
2. Conduct a paper audit of the plant’s harmonic-producing loads and system configuration. This analysis starts with the gathering of kVA or horsepower data on all the major non-linear devices in the plant, all capacitors, and rating information on service entrance transformer(s). This data is analyzed to determine whether the conditions are present to create unfavorable levels of harmonics.
3. If the electrical distribution system is complex — e.g., multiple service entrances, distributed capacitors — or if the paper audit is incomplete or considered to be too burdensome, the most definitive way to determine whether harmonics are causing a problem is through an on-site plant audit. This audit involves an inspection of the electrical system layout and connected loads, as well as harmonic measurements taken at strategic locations. This data can then be assembled and analyzed to obtain a clear and concise understanding of the power system.
hkVAsys
kvar------------------=
kVAsys Short Circuit Capacity of the System=
h The Harmonic Number referred to a 60 Hz Base=kvar Amount of Capacitor kvar on the Line=
h 17,391350
------------------ 49.7 7.0= = =
37.0-8
For more information visit: www.EatonElectrical.com CA08104001E
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors & Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Application ConsiderationsHarmonic Considerations
Sheet 1630
Eliminating HarmonicProblemsWhen power factor correction is required in the presence of non-linear loads, or the amount of harmonic distortion must be reduced to solve power quality problems or avoid penalties, the most reliable, lowest cost solution is often realized with the use of harmonic filters.
Passive and Switched Harmonic FiltersA shunt harmonic filter (see Figure 37.0-8) is, essentially, a power factor correction capacitor combined with a series iron core reactor. A filter provides power factor correction at the fundamental frequency and becomes an inductance (like a motor) at frequencies higher than its “tuning point.” Most harmonic filters are tuned below the 5th harmonic. Therefore, the filter provides an inductive impedance path to those currents at harmonic frequencies created by nearly all three-phase non-linear loads (5th, 7th, 11th, 13th, etc.). Since the filter is not capacitive at these frequencies, the plant electrical system can no longer resonate at these frequencies and can not magnify the harmonic voltages and currents.
A shunt harmonic filter therefore accomplishes three things:
1. Provides power factor correction.
2. Prevents harmonic overvoltages due to resonance.
3. Reduces voltage harmonic distor-tion and transformer harmonic loading at frequencies above its tuning point.
In some circumstances, a harmonic resonance condition may accrue gradually over time as capacitors and non-linear loads are installed in a plant. The replacement of such capaci-tors with harmonic filters in order to correct a problem may be prohibitively expensive. Custom-designed harmonic filters which are able to eliminate problems associated with resonance at any particular frequency while providing an extremely low amount of power factor correction capacitance. These low kvar filters are therefore able to provide the same amount of filtering capacity as a much larger conventional filter, but at a lower cost.
If the plant loads vary widely then a switched capacitor/filter bank is recommended.
Figure 37.0-8. Shunt Harmonic Filter
PhaseABC
Reactor
CapacitorBank
CA08104001E For more information visit: www.EatonElectrical.com
37.0-9June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors & Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Application ConsiderationsMotor Power Factor Correction
Sheet 1631
Motor Power Factor CorrectionTables 37.0-3 and 37.0-4 contain sug-gested maximum capacitor ratings for induction motors switched with the capacitor. The data is general in nature and representative of general purpose induction motors of standard design. The preferable means to select capacitor ratings is based on the “maximum recommended kvar” information available from the motor manufacturer. If this is not possible or feasible, the tables can be used.
An important point to remember is that if the capacitor used with the motor is too large, self-excitation may cause a motor-damaging overvoltage when the motor and capacitor combi-nation is disconnected from the line. In addition, high transient torques capable of damaging the motor shaft or coupling can occur if the motor is reconnected to the line while rotating and still generating a voltage of self-excitation.
Definitionskvar — rating of the capacitor in reactive kilovolt-amperes. This value is approximately equal to the motor no-load magnetizing kilovars.
% AR — percent reduction in line current due to the capacitor. A capacitor located on the motor side of the overload relay reduces line current through the relay. Therefore, a different overload relay and/or setting may be necessary. The reduc-tion in line current may be determined by measuring line current with and without the capacitor or by calculation as follows:
If a capacitor is used with a lower kvar rating than listed in tables, the % AR can be calculated as follows:
The tables can also be used for other motor ratings as follows:
A. For standard 60 Hz motors operating at 50 Hz:
kvar = 1.7 – 1.4 of kvar listed% AR= 1.8 – 1.35 of % AR listed
B. For standard 50 Hz motors operating at 50 Hz:
kvar = 1.4 – 1.1 of kvar listed% AR= 1.4 – 1.05 of % AR listed
C. For standard 60 Hz wound-rotor motors:
kvar = 1.1 of kvar listed% AR= 1.05 of % AR listed
Note: For A, B, C, the larger multipliers apply for motors of higher speeds; i.e., 3600 rpm = 1.7 mult., 1800 rpm = 1.65 mult., etc.
To derate a capacitor used on a system voltage lower than the capacitor volt-age rating, such as a 240-volt capacitor used on a 208-volt system, use the following formula:
For the kVAC required to correct the power factor from a given value of COS φ1 to COS φ2, the formula is:
kVAC = KW (tan phase1 – tan phase2)
Capacitors cause a voltage rise. At light load periods the capacitive voltage rise can raise the voltage at the location of the capacitors to an unacceptable level. This voltage rise can be calculated approximately by the formula
MVAR is the capacitor rating and MVASC is the system short circuit capacity.
With the introduction of variable speed drives and other harmonic current generating loads, the capacitor imped-ance value determined must not be resonant with the inductive reactances of the system. This matter is discussed further under the heading “Harmonics and Non-Linear Loads.”
% AR 100 100 (Original PF)(Improved PF)−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−×–=
% AR Listed % AR Actual kvarkvar in Table−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−×=
Table 37.0-4. Suggested Capacitor Ratings, in kvars, for NEMA Design C, D and Wound-Rotor Motors
Note: Applies to three-phase, 60 Hz motors when switched with capacitors as single unit.Note: Use motor manufacturer’s recommended kvar as published in the performance data sheets for specific motor types:drip-proof, TEFC, severe duty, high efficiency and NEMA design.
Table 37.0-5. 2400 Volts and 4160 Volt Motors NEMA Design B
Table 37.0-6. NEMA Design B and C 2300 and 4000 Volt Motors (after 1956)
Induction Motor Rating (hp)
Design C Motor Design D Motor1200 r/Minimum
Wound-RotorMotor1800 and 1200 r/Minimum 900 r/Minimum
Table 37.0-8. Recommended Wire Sizes, Switches and Fuses for 3-Phase, 60 Hz Capacitors
� 90°C Copper Type THHN, XHHW or equivalent, applied at 75°C ampacity. Rate current based on operation at rated voltage, frequency and kvar. Consult National Electrical Code for other wire types. Above size based on 30°C Ambient Operation. (Refer to NEC table 310-16.)
Note: Fuses furnished within Capacitor Assembly may be rated at higher value than shown in this table. The table is correct for field installations and reflects the manufacturer’s suggested rating for overcurrent protection and disconnect means in compliance with the National Electrical Code.
kvar 240 Volts 480 Volts 600 Volts
Current(Amps)
WireSize �
Fuse(Amps)
Switch(Amps)
Current(Amps)
WireSize �
Fuse(Amps)
Switch(Amps)
Current(Amps)
WireSize �
Fuse(Amps)
Switch(Amps)
0.5 1 1.5
1.2 2.4 3.6
141414
3 6 6
30 30 30
— 1.2 1.8
—1414
— 3 3
— 30 30
— 1.0 1.4
—1414
— 3 3
— 30 30
2 2.5 3
4.8 6.0 7.2
141414
10 10 15
30 30 30
2.4 3.0 3.6
141414
6 6 6
30 30 30
1.9 2.4 2.9
141414
6 6 6
30 30 30
4 5 6
9.6 12 14
141414
20 20 25
30 30 30
4.8 6.0 7.2
141414
10 10 15
30 30 30
3.8 4.8 5.8
141414
10 10 10
30 30 30
7.5 8 10
18 19 24
121010
30 35 40
30 60 60
9.0 9.6 12
141414
15 20 20
30 30 30
7.2 7.7 9.6
141414
15 15 20
30 30 30
12.5 15 17.5
30 36 42
886
50 60 80
60 60100
15 18 21
141210
25 30 40
30 30 60
12 14 17
141412
20 25 30
30 30 30
20 22.5 25
48 54 60
644
80100100
100100100
24 27 30
10108
40 50 50
60 60 60
19 22 24
101010
35 40 40
60 60 60
30 35 40
72 84 96
321
125150175
200200200
36 42 48
866
60 80 80
60100100
29 34 38
886
50 60 80
60 60100
45 50 60
108120144
1/02/03/0
200200250
200200400
54 60 72
442
100100125
100100200
43 48 58
664
90100100
100100100
75 80 90
180192216
250M300M350M
300350400
400400400
90 96108
1/01/01/0
150175200
200200200
72 77 86
331
125150150
200200200
100120125
241289300
400M(2)3/0(2)3/0
400500500
400600600
120144150
2/03/03/0
200200250
200200400
96115120
12/02/0
175200200
200200200
150180200
361432481
(2)250M(2)350M(2)400M
600750800
600800800
180216241
250M350M400M
300400400
400400400
144173192
3/0250M300M
250300350
400400400
240250300
———
———
———
———
289300361
(2)3/0(2)4/0(2)250M
500500600
600600600
231241289
400M400M(2)3/0
400400500
400400600
360400
——
——
——
——
432480
(2)350M(2)500M
750800
800800
346384
(2)250M(2)300M
600650
600800
37.0-14
For more information visit: www.EatonElectrical.com CA08104001E
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors & Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Sheet 1636
This page intentionally left blank.
CA08104001E For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
37.1-1
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
600 Volts ac and Below
General Description
Sheet 1637
UNIPAK
�
UNIPAK
Product Description
Power Factor Correction Capacitors
Power factor correction capacitors and harmonic filters are an essential part of modern electric power systems. Power factor correction capacitors are the simplest and most economical means of increasing the transmission capacity of a power system, minimizing energy losses and correcting load power factor. In addition, power factor penalties can be reduced and power quality can be greatly enhanced.
There are two main reasons to correct poor power factor. The first is to reduce or eliminate a power factor penalty charged by your local utility. Another reason is that your existing transformer is, or shortly will be, at full capacity and installing power factor correction capacitors can be a very cost-effective solution to installing a brand new service. Depending on the amount of power factor correction (number of kvar that needs to be injected into the electrical system to improve the power factor) and the dynamic nature of the load, a fixed or switched capacitor bank may be the best solution. When capacity becomes a problem, the choice of a solution will be dependent upon the size of the increase needed. Like all power quality solutions, there are many factors that need to be considered when determin-ing which solution will be best to solve your power factor problem.
Harmonic Filtering
As the world becomes more depen-dent on electric and electronic equip-ment, the likelihood that the negative impact of harmonic distortion increases dramatically. The efficiency and productivity gains from these increasingly sophisticated pieces of equipment have a negative side effect…increased harmonic distortion in the power lines. The difficult thing about harmonic distortion is determin-ing the cause. Once this has been determined, the solution can be easy. Passive harmonic filtering equipment will mitigate specific harmonic issues, and correct poor power factor as well.
Applications
■
Individual Motors.
■
Motor Control Centers.
■
Distribution Switchboards.
■
Service Entrance Switchboards.
Features, Functions and Benefits
■
Five-year warranty on capacitor cells.
■
High quality construction.
■
Designed for heavy-duty applications.
■
Twenty-year life design.
■
Indoor/outdoor service.
■
Options available for NEMA 4X enclosure.
■
Wall or floor mounted banks available.
■
Fused protection standard.
■
Blown-fuse indicating lights standard.
■
Quick lead times.
■
Harmonic filters available.
Standards and Certifications
■
UL
�
and CSA
�
listed.
Features
Configuration
■
Outer case
: Heavy, No. 16 gauge steel finished with durable baked-on enamel. Series 100 universal mounting flanges for wall or floor installation. Series 200 and 400 floor mounting feet. Elimination of knockouts permits indoor/outdoor use. Manufactured to NEMA requirements 1, 3R and 12.
■
Cover:
“L” shaped gasketed cover with multiple fasteners provides front opening for ease of installation and service.
■
Ground terminal:
Furnished inside case.
■
Power line terminals:
Large size for easy connection.
■
Fusing:
❑
Case Size Code AA:
Three midget type fuses with 100,000 ampere interrupting capacity.
❑
Case Size Code BB and larger
: Three slotted-blade type fuses with 200,000 ampere interrupting capacity. Fuses mounted on stand-off bushings or fuse blocks. Solderless connectors for easy hookup of incoming line conductors.
❑
Fuse indicating lights:
Red, neon blown-fuse indicating lights are protected by transparent weather-proof guard.
■
Options:
❑
No fuses
❑
Fused, no indicating lights
❑
NEMA 4X enclosure
Capacitor Cells — Dry-Type
■
Terminals:
Threaded for secure connection, all sizes. 10 kVAC stand-off terminal bushings. Rated for 30 kV BIL.
■
Dielectric fill:
Thermosetting polymer resin.
❑
Flash point: +415ºF (+212ºC)
❑
Fire point: +500ºF (+260ºC)
■
Dielectric film:
Self-healing metallized polypropylene. Losses less than 1/2 watt per kvar.
■
Pressure-sensitive interrupter:
Built-in, three-phase interrupter design. UL recognized. Removes capacitor from line before internal pressures can cause case rupture.
■
Discharge resistors:
Reduce residual voltage to less than 50 volts within one minute of deenergization. Mounted on terminal stud assem-blies. Selected for 20-year nominal life. Exceeds NEC requirements.
■
Capacitor operating temperature:
-40ºF (-40ºC) to +115ºF (+46ºC).
37.1-2
For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
CA08104001E
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
600 Volts ac and Below
General Description
Sheet 1638
UNIPAK Filter — Harmonic Filtering
Harmonic filter banks for low voltage, heavy-duty applications.
■
Reduces harmonics and corrects power factor.
■
Tuned for maximum efficiency in reducing harmonic currents associated with 6-pulse drive environments.
■
Sized for worst case harmonic current application.
■
Two-enclosure design to isolate capacitors from reactors.
Designed for plants experiencing harmonics problems due to high loads of 6-pulse adjustable speed drives and power supplies.
Features
Configuration
■
Outer case:
Heavy, No. 16 gauge steel finished with durable baked-on enamel. Elimination of knockouts permits indoor/outdoor use. Meets NEMA requirements 1 and 12.
■
Cover:
“L” shaped gasketed cover with multiple fasteners provides front opening for ease of installation and service.
■
Ground terminal:
Furnished inside case.
■
Power line terminals:
Large size for easy connection.
■
Fusing:
Three slotted-blade type fuses with 200,000 ampere inter-rupting capacity. Fuses mounted on stand-off bushings or fuse blocks. Solderless connectors for easy hookup of incoming line conductors.
■
Fuse indicating lights:
Red, neon blown-fuse indicating lights.
Reactors
■
Tuning:
Tuned to 4.7 harmonic (nominal 5th).
■
Construction:
100% copper windings for cool operating temperatures; designed operating temperature rise less than 80ºC. Open frame construction with 180ºC insulation system.
■
Reactor indicating light:
Thermal overload indicating light activates when reactor temperature reaches 145ºC.
� See Page 37.1-5 for capacitor case dimensions.� Dimensions in mm: 628.7 x 508.0 x 460.5� Dimensions in mm: 635.0 x 616.0 x 514.4� Dimensions in mm: 787.4 x 635.0 x 831.9Note: Other ratings available, consult factory.
kvar Capacitor Cabinet Reactor Cabinet FusedCatalogNumber
Rated CurrentAmperes
CaseSize�
Shipping WeightLbs. (kg)
Case SizeH x W x D in Inches
Shipping WeightLbs. (kg)
CombinedWeightLbs. (kg)
240 Vac015.0025.0030.0
36 60 72
CDE
34 (15.4) 46 (20.9) 52 (23.6)
24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �
90 (40.9)105 (47.7)110 (49.9)
124 (56.3)151 (68.6)162 (73.5)
15232HMUDF25232HMUDF30232HMUDF
050.0060.0075.0
120144180
FGG
72 (32.7) 73 (33.1) 79 (35.9)
24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �
130 (59.0)160 (72.6)185 (84.0)
202 (91.7)233 (105.7)264 (119.9)
50232HMUDF60232HMUDF75232HMUDF
100.0125.0150.0
240300360
HHH
238 (108.1)270 (122.6)290 (131.7)
24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �25.00 x 24.25 x 20.25 �25.00 x 24.25 x 20.25 �
240 (109.0)280 (127.1)280 (127.1)
478 (217.1)550 (249.7)570 (258.8)
100232HMUDF125232HMUDF150232HMUDF
480 Vac015.0025.0030.0
18 30 36
BCC
29 (13.2) 45 (20.4) 46 (20.9)
24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �
90 (40.9)105 (47.7)110 (49.9)
119 (54.1)150 (68.1)156 (70.8)
15432HMUDF25432HMUDF30432HMUDF
050.0060.0075.0
60 72 90
DEF
68 (30.9) 74 (33.6) 79 (35.9)
24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �
130 (59.0)160 (72.6)185 (84.0)
198 (89.9)234 (106.2)264 (119.9)
50432HMUDF60432HMUDF75432HMUDF
100.0150.0200.0
120180241
FGH
85 (38.6)260 (118.0)290 (131.7)
24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �25.00 x 24.25 x 20.25 �25.00 x 24.25 x 20.25 �
240 (109.0)280 (127.1)330 (149.8)
325 (147.6)540 (245.1)620 (281.5)
100432HMUDF150432HMUDF200432HMUDF
250.0300.0
300360
HH
295 (133.9)300 (136.2)
31.00 x 25.00 x 32.75 �31.00 x 25.00 x 32.75 �
570 (258.8)575 (261.1)
865 (392.7)875 (397.3)
250432HMUDF300432HMUDF
600 Vac015.0025.0030.0
14 24 29
BCC
29 (13.2) 45 (20.4) 46 (20.9)
24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �
90 (40.9)105 (47.7)110 (49.9)
119 (54.1)150 (68.1)156 (70.8)
15632HMUDF25632HMUDF30632HMUDF
050.0060.0075.0
48 58 72
DEF
68 (30.9) 74 (33.6) 79 (35.9)
24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �
130 (59.0)160 (72.6)185 (84.0)
198 (89.9)234 (106.2)264 (119.9)
50632HMUDF60632HMUDF75632HMUDF
100.0150.0200.0
96144192
FGH
85 (38.6)260 (118.0)290 (131.7)
24.75 x 20.00 x 18.13 �25.00 x 24.25 x 20.25 �25.00 x 24.25 x 20.25 �
240 (109.0)280 (127.1)330 (149.8)
325 (147.6)540 (245.1)620 (281.5)
100632HMUDF150632HMUDF200632HMUDF
250.0300.0
241289
HH
295 (133.9)300 (136.2)
31.00 x 25.00 x 32.75 �31.00 x 25.00 x 32.75 �
570 (258.8)575 (261.1)
865 (392.7)875 (397.3)
250632HMUDF300632HMUDF
Figure 37.1-5. Filter Schematic with Wiring Interconnects
Power Lines from Disconnect
Lugs
Fuses
Reactor
Lugs
Lugs
Interconnects(Provided by Customer)
Capacitor Bank
CA08104001E For more information visit: www.EatonElectrical.com
37.1-7June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
600 Volts ac and BelowGeneral Description
Sheet 1643
UNIPUMP� Power Factor Correction CapacitorsNon-fused capacitors for outdoor irrigation and oil field installations.
■ Designed expressly for outdoor pumping applications.
■ Pole or wall mounting.■ Small, light enclosure for easy
installation.■ SO-WA type flexible cable facili-
tates installation (4-conductor).■ Gland-type weatherproof bushings.■ Strong outer case.■ UL and CSA listed.
ApplicationsOutdoor irrigation and oil field pumping.
Features
Configuration■ Outer case: Heavy, No. 18 gauge
steel finished with durable baked-on enamel. Integral strap mounting bracket with keyhole at top for pole or wall installation. No knockouts.
Capacitor Cells — Dry-Type■ Terminals: Threaded for secure con-
■ Dielectric film: Self-healing metallized polypropylene. Losses less than 1/2 watt per kvar.
■ Pressure-sensitive interrupter: Built-in. UL recognized. Removes capacitor from line before internal pressures can cause case rupture. Three-phase interrupter design.
■ Discharge resistors: Reduce residual voltage to less than 50 volts within one minute of deenergization. Mounted on terminal stud assem-blies. Selected for 20-year nominal life. Exceeds NEC requirements.
■ Capacitor operating temperature: -40ºF (-40ºC) to +115ºF (+46ºC).
Technical Data
Figure 37.1-6. UNIPUMP Dimensions
Table 37.1-7. Dimensions in Inches (mm)
Note: All dimensions given in inches (mm) with a tolerance of ± .125 inches.
Table 37.1-8. Selection Chart
2.00(50.8)
1.81(46.0)
4.00(101.6)
B
1.63(41.4)
2.56(65.0)
MountingBKT.
.44 (11.2)Diameter
.09(2.3)
A
4.75(120.7)
1.50(38.1)
.75(19.1)
1.44(36.6)
.53(13.5)
C
D
.44 (11.2)Diameter
.81 (20.6)Diameter
1.94(49.3)
1.63(41.4)
SizeCode
A B C D
AA 8.88(225.6)
12.25(311.2)
10.47(265.9)
11.22(285.0)
BB 13.50(342.9)
16.94(430.3)
15.09(383.3)
15.84(402.3)
kvar RatedCurrent(Amps)
CaseSizeCode
CableSize
ShippingWt. Lbs.(kg)
CatalogNumber
240 Volt22.5345
4.8 6.0 7.2 9.612
AAAAAAAAAA
1414141414
10 (4.5)10 (4.5)10 (4.5)11 (5.0)11 (5.0)
223JMD2X23JMD323JMD423JMD523JMD
67.5
1518
BBBB
1212
27 (12.3)30 (13.6)
623JMD7X23JMD
480 Volt 2 2.5 3
2.4 3.0 3.6
AAAAAA
141414
9 (4.1) 9 (4.1) 9 (4.1)
243JMD2X43JMD343JMD
4 5 6
4.8 6.0 7.2
AAAAAA
141414
10 (4.5)10 (4.5)10 (4.5)
443JMD543JMD643JMD
7.51012.515
9121518
AAAAAAAA
14141212
11 (5.0)11 (5.0)11 (5.0)11 (5.0)
7X43JMD1043JMD12X43JMD1543JMD
17.520
2124
BBBB
8 8
21 (9.5)24 (11.0)
17X43JMD2043JMD
600 Volt 2.5 5 7.5
2.4 4.8 7.2
AAAAAA
141414
9 (4.1)10 (4.5)11 (5.0)
2X63JMD563JMD7X63JMD
1012.515
9.612.014.4
AAAAAA
141212
11 (5.0)11 (5.0)11 (5.0)
1063JMD12X63JMD1563JMD
17.520
16.819.2
BBBB
8 8
21 (9.5)24 (11.0)
17X63JMD2063JMD
37.1-8
For more information visit: www.EatonElectrical.com CA08104001E
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Sheet 1644
This page intentionally left blank.
CA08104001E For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
37.2-1
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
600 Volts ac and Below
General Description
Sheet 1645
AUTOVAR
�
300 Automatic Power Factor Correction Capacitor Systems
AUTOVAR 300 (25 – 300 kvar)
Automatically switched power factor correction systems for low voltage applications.
■
Wall-mount design is ideal for minimum space requirements.
■
Programmable to automatically add/subtract capacitor banks to maintain preset target power factor.
■
Heavy-duty, three-phase capacitor construction with reliable, threaded terminal connections.
■
Five-year warranty of cells.
■
UL and CSA listed.
Applications
Service entrance power factor correc-tion installations requiring precise maintenance of target power factor in a very small footprint.
Configuration
■
Cabinet
: 14 gauge steel with ANSI 61 gray. NEMA 1.
■
Power line interconnect:
Rugged, power distribution block connection.
■
Fusing:
200,000 ampere interrupting capacity provided on all three phases of each bank. Blade-type fuses mounted on insulator stand-offs with blown-fuse indicating lights.
■
Blown-fuse lights:
Blown-fuse indicating lights located on the door.
■
Door interlock:
Door interlock auto-matically turns off capacitor banks when engaged. Power continues to be provided to the unit until the disconnect is open.
Controller
■
Digital display of power factor and number of energized banks.
■
Automatic setting of c/k value.
■
Visual display of harmonic overload.
■
Visual indication of insufficient kvar to reach target power factor.
■
Output relays disabled within 35 milliseconds of main power interruption.
■
Personnel ground fault interruption provides protection in case of acci-dental contact with control power and ground.
■
Optional RS-232 communications.
Options
■
Current transformer.
■
HOA control switch.
■
Alarm relay.
■
Molded case circuit breaker.
■
NEMA 3R enclosure.
See
Page 37.2-4
for more details on options.
For dimensions refer to Page 37.2-4.
37.2-2
For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
CA08104001E
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
600 Volts ac and Below
General Description
Sheet 1646
AUTOVAR 600
�
Automatic Power Factor Correction Capacitor Systems
AUTOVAR 600 (75 – 1200 kvar)
Applications
Service entrance power factor correc-tion installations requiring precise maintenance of target power factor.
Features
Configuration
■
Cabinet
: 12 gauge steel with ANSI 61 gray, baked enamel finish. Lift bolts standard. NEMA 1.
■
Power line interconnect:
Rugged, copper bus bar connection with access provided for top or bottom entry. All internal power wiring con-nections from bus are laid out on a most direct basis with minimum bends for ease of troubleshooting.
■
Modular tray design:
Capacitor banks arranged in modular trays with capacitors, fuses, blown-fuse indicating lights, and contactors grouped in a logical, easily understood layout. This permits easy access, quick identification of operating problems and ease of expandability.
■
Fusing:
UL recognized, 200,000 ampere interrupting capacity provided on all three phases of each bank. Blade-type fuses mounted on insulator stand-offs.
■
Blown-fuse lights:
Blown-fuse indicating lights located on the door and at individual fuses to facilitate tracing of cleared fuses.
■
Push-to-test:
Allows testing of door fuse indicating lights.
■
AutoLocate:
When door is open and bus energized, fuse circuit automati-cally checks for cleared fuses. If a fuse has cleared, the light at the fuse comes on for easy troubleshooting.
■
Door interlock:
Door interlock auto-matically turns off control circuit when engaged. Power continues to be provided to the unit until disconnect is open.
■
Exhaust fans:
Two fans per cabinet provide thermal protection. Dust filtering provided.
Controller
■
Digital display of power factor and number of energized banks.
■
Automatic setting of c/k value.
■
Visual display of harmonic overload.
■
Visual indication of insufficient kvar to reach target power factor.
■
Output relays disabled within 35 milliseconds of main power inter-ruption.
■
Personnel ground fault interruption provides protection in case of accidental contact with control power and ground.
■
Control wiring — standard NEC color-coded modular bundles with quick disconnect feature for ease of troubleshooting or ease of expandability.
Programmable to automatically add/subtract filter banks to maintain preset target power factor.
■
Filter steps tuned for maximum efficiency in reducing harmonic currents in three-phase environ-ments with heavy 6-pulse loads.
■
Efficient modular design for short lead times, ease of maintenance and ease of future expansion.
■
Heavy-duty, three-phase capacitor construction with reliable, threaded terminal connections.
■
Cool operating, 100% copper wound, thermal protected reactors are sized for worst-case, 6-pulse harmonic environment.
■
UL and CSA listed.
Applications
Service entrance power factor correction installations requiring precise maintenance of target power factor in three-phase, 6-pulse, high harmonic environments.
For dimensions refer to Page 37.2-6.
Features
Configuration
■
Operation:
AUTOVAR harmonic filters are designed to be sized the same as any power factor cor-rection unit. In most low voltage applications where harmonics are generated by 6-pulse devices, no harmonic audit is necessary to design the AUTOVAR filter because it is already designed for the worst-case environment at the kvar size specified.
■
Cabinet:
12 gauge steel with ANSI 61 gray, baked enamel. Lift bolts standard. NEMA 1.
■
Power line interconnect:
Rugged, copper bus bar connection with access provided for top or bottom entry. All internal power wiring con-nections from bus are laid out on a most direct basis with minimum bends for ease of troubleshooting.
■
Modular tray design:
Capacitor banks arranged in modular trays with capacitors, fuses, blown-fuse indicating lights, and contactors grouped in a logical easily under-stood layout. This permits easy access, quick identification of operating problems and ease of expandability.
■
Fusing:
UL recognized, 200,000 ampere interrupting capacity pro-vided on all three phases of each bank. Blade-type fuses mounted on insulator stand-offs.
■
Blown-fuse lights:
Blown-fuse indicating lights located on the door and at individual fuses to facilitate tracing of cleared fuses.
■
Push-to-test:
Allows testing of door fuse indicating lights.
■
AutoLocate:
When door is open and bus energized, fuse circuit auto-matically checks for cleared fuses.If a fuse has cleared, the light at that fuse comes on for easy troubleshooting.
■
Door interlock:
Door interlock automatically turns off control circuit when engaged. Power continues to be provided to the unit until disconnect is open.
■
Interwiring:
On-site interwiring of multiple cabinet design is made simple by prenumbered bundles and clear diagrams.
■
Exhaust fans:
Two fans per cabinet provide thermal protection for both capacitor cabinet and reactor cabinet. Dust filtering provided.
Controller
■
Digital display of power factor and number of energized banks.
■
Automatic setting of c/k value.
■
Visual display of harmonic overload.
■
Visual indication of insufficient kvar to reach target power factor.
■
Output relays disabled within 35 milliseconds of main power interruption.
■
Personnel ground fault interruption provides protection in case of accidental contact with control power and ground.
■
Control wiring — standard NEC color-coded modular bundles with quick disconnect feature for ease of troubleshooting or ease of expandability.
Reactors
■
Tuning:
Reactors tuned to the 4.7th harmonic (nominal 5th). This provides maximum effectivenessin reducing harmonic currents in three-phase systems with harmon-ics caused by 6-pulse devices.
■
Windings:
100% copper windings for minimal temperature rise under load.
■
Thermal overload protection:
Each reactor includes three normally closed, auto reset thermostats that open at 145°C. When thermostats engage, the contactor opens.
■
Insulation
: 180°C insulation system.
■
Warranty
: One-year replacement of reactors.
Options
See
Page 37.2-6
for details on options.
37.2-4
For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
CA08104001E
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
600 Volts ac and Below
Dimensions
Sheet 1648
Technical Data
AUTOVAR 300 Automatic Power Factor Correction Capacitor Systems
Table 37.2-1. Wall-Mounted Switched Capacitor Banks — Low Voltage Applications
Note: Other ratings available, consult factory.
Table 37.2-2. AUTOVAR 300 Options
� A current transformer with a 5 ampere secondary is required to operate an automatic capacitor bank.
Note: L + L under Case Size denotes two Size L enclosures — one for the capacitors, one for the reactor case. See Page 37.2-5 for size L dimensions.Note: Other ratings available, consult factory.
Table 37.2-7. AUTOVAR Filter Options
� A current transformer is required to operate an automatic capacitor bank.
Current transformer — Multi-tap, split core current transformer � TX2
Hands-off Auto Switch — Provides manual control to connect or disconnect capacitor stages regardless of controller output H
Remote Alarm Relay — Relay for a remote alarm to indicate inability to reach target power factor A
Molded case circuit breaker M
Weatherproofing (NEMA 3R) W
Ammeter — Indicates current of each phase A2
Voltmeter — Indicates voltage of each phase V
IQ 220 Solid-State Meter IQ
CA08104001E For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
37.3-1
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
480 Volts ac and Below
General Description
Sheet 1651
Active-Harmonic Filter-Harmonic Correction Unit — NEMA 1 Enclosure Specifications
Harmonic Correction Units — NEMA 1 Enclosure
Product Description
Harmonic Correction Units
Active Harmonic Filters provide active harmonic control. The Active Harmonic Correction Unit will monitor the distorted electrical signal, deter-mine the frequency and magnitude of the harmonic content, and then cancel those harmonics with the dynamic injection of opposing current. Active harmonic control provides the benefit of traditional passive filters with simpler engineering require-ments, easier and less expensive installation, comprehensive control, and assured compliance with the IEEE 519-1992 standard.
Applications
■
PWM ac drives.
■
dc drives.
■
Water and wastewater treatment plants.
■
HVAC — Commercial.
■
Compliance to IEEE 519:
❑
Military
❑
Industrial
❑
Commercial
Features
Table 37.3-1. Harmonic Correction Unit — Features (NEMA 1 Enclosure)
�
Requires series input line reactor or dc bus choke in each ac drive for optimum performance.
2 Line, 20 Character/Line AlphanumericRun, Stop, Setup, Enter Up and Down ScrollRun (Green)EnglishPower On, Run, Fault, at Maximum Capacity
37.3-2
For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
CA08104001E
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
480 Volts ac and Below
Technical Data
Sheet 1652
Sizing and Product Selection
Table 37.3-2. Harmonic Control Units Ratings — NEMA 1 Enclosed
Table 37.3-3. Current Transformer Ratings — Dimensions in Inches (mm)
Note:
Current transformers are rated for 400 Hz. Two current trans-formers are required for 3-phase loads. Three current transformers are required when single-phase loads are present.
Figure 37.3-1. Installation Diagram — Select CT Ratio to Match Bus Rating. Size the HCU Unit Only for the Amount of Current Correction Required
Table 37.3-4. Digital Interface Specifications
Figure 37.3-2. Power Circuit Diagram HCU
Model Type Voltage Frequency Total Current Amperes(rms)
WattLosses(kW)
Exterior Dimensions in Inches (mm)H x W x D
Unit WeightLbs. (kg)
EnclosureType
Disconnect
HCU050D5N1HCU100D5N1HCU300D5N1
208 – 480208 – 480208 – 480
50/6050/6050/60
50100300
1.83.08.0
51.80 x 20.70 x 18.50 (1315.7 x 525.8 x 469.9)68.70 x 20.70 x 18.50 (1745.0 x 525.8 x 469.9)74.90 x 32.20 x 19.50 (1902.5) x 817.9 x 495.3)
The HCU050 series offers 50 amperes of corrective current in a convenient package. The enclosed model comes standard with a digital interface panel for control diagnostics and programming. Input fuses are included. The enclosed unit includes a removable panel for bottom conduit entry.
The HCU100 series offers 100 amperes of corrective current in a wall-mounted NEMA 1 enclosure. The enclosed model comes standard with a digital interface module for control, diagnostics and programming. Input fuses are included. The enclosed unit includes a removable panel for bottom conduit entry.
The HCU300 series offers 300 amperes of corrective current for large capacity applications. It is available in a floor-standing NEMA 1 enclosure (including a door-interlocking disconnect). The enclosed model comes standard with digital interface mod-ule for control, diagnostics and programming. Input fuses are included. The enclosed unit includes a removable panel for top conduit entry.
Transient-Free Static Switching Power Factor Correction Units
Power Factor Correction Unit
Product Description
Transient-free static switching units are available in two models.
The FTE model is a real-time transient-free system, used to compensate extremely rapid loads within one cycle of operation (typically 5 – 20 msec).
The FTA model is a fast transient-free system, used to compensate any loads within 3 – 4 seconds.
Units are available as tuned (designed to absorb the 5th and 7th harmonics), or detuned (designed to prevent resonance in a system and absorb up to 50% of the 5th harmonic).
Features
■
Transient-free capacitor group switching, using electronic switching elements.
■
Simultaneous connection/disconnection of all required steps.
■
Consistent capacitor values and stable filter characteristics.
■
Harmonic filtration.
■
Three independent control modes:
❑
Power factor control
❑
Voltage control
❑
Load sharing with another compensation system connected to the same transformer
For further information and dimensions, contact Eaton.
CA08104001E For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
37.5-1
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Metal-Enclosed — Medium Voltage
General Description
Sheet 1659
UNIVAR
UNIVAR Fixed Medium Voltage PFC Unit
Product Description
Capacitors for medium voltage, heavy-duty applications:
■
UNIVAR capacitors are designed for power factor correction in applica-tions where a fixed amount of capacitance (kvar) is required.
■
2400 V, 4160 V, 4800 V, 6600 V, 7200 V, 12,470 V or 13,800 V.
■
Fast economical payback.
■
Individual units or multiple assem-blies can be designed.
■
Indoor dustproof/outdoor water-proof enclosures (NEMA 12, NEMA 3R).
■
Floor mounting.
■
2- or 3-phase fused options for 2400 V – 4800 V. All units above 4800 V are supplied with fusing on all three phases (see
Note
).
■
NEMA 3R terminal box.
Note:
NEC Article 460-8 (b)(1)requires capacitors to have overcurrent protection in all ungrounded conductors (except if con-nected on the load side of a motor overload protection device). Three-phase capacitors fused only on two phases will not provide adequate protection if a line-to-ground fault should occur in the unfused phase.
Applications
■
Large motors.
■
Motor control centers.
■
Branch circuits.
■
Service entrances.
Utility Customers
Metal-enclosed power factor correc-tion systems are fully assembled, tested and ready for installation. Very little field assembly is required. Installation and maintenance costs for metal-enclosed systems are low compared to pole and rack mounted capacitor banks. Metal-enclosed sys-tems and harmonic filters are less vulnerable to wildlife and airborne contaminants that can cause tracking and faults. In addition, metal-enclosed systems significantly reduce the risks and the associated liability involving untrained personnel. All live parts are contained in a grounded, key inter-locked enclosure and no internal hard-ware is accessible. Metal-enclosed systems are aesthetically pleasing due to their low profile, and can be painted to match the surrounding architecture. These are just some of the reasons more and more utilities are utilizing metal-enclosed capacitor and harmonic filter systems.
Industrial Customers
Large industrial power users can utilize the benefits associated with medium voltage power factor correction and harmonic filtering. Medium voltage solutions usually support the scale and scope of larger services. Medium voltage applications can be found in the following types of industries as examples: automotives, pulp and paper, plastics, petrochemical, and heavy manufacturing. Individual fixed capacitors provide power factor correc-tion directly at the cause of the prob-lem, such as a large horsepower MV motor. Medium voltage systems allow large industrials to correct power fac-tor at or close to the point of common coupling (PCC), where the utility elec-trical system meets theirs. This allows correction for an entire facility, instead of having to correct at multiple loca-tions. The Cutler-Hammer NEMA
�
3R design also allows the system to be placed outdoors, saving valuable man-ufacturing floor space. The savings can be enormous, in materials, installation costs and floor space. In short, medium voltage solutions provide a cost-effective alternative to many local low voltage power factor correction units, while protecting the customer’s entire electrical distribution system.
Commercial Customers
Many commercial customers are purchasing power from their utility at higher voltages today (2.4 kV– 15 kV), and can also take advantage of medium voltage power factor correction systems. These solutions can meet the needs of large office complexes, hospi-tals and universities, among others. The benefits of safety (key interlocking, no exposed live parts, etc.), and aes-thetics (low profile, can be painted to match environment) both meet the needs of these applications where there are large numbers of untrained person-nel in proximity of electrical equipment.
Features
Enclosure
16-gauge steel finished with durable baked-on enamel. The wiring enclosure is gasketed to create a weatherproof, dustproof seal. Universal mounting flanges are provided for floor installa-tion. The elimination of knockouts per-mits indoor/outdoor use. Unit meets NEMA 1, 3R and 12 requirements. Enclosure is painted ANSI 70 gray.
Terminal Insulators
■
Wet process porcelain.
■
Dielectric fluid.
■
NFPA IIIB liquid.
Fusing
Fuses are rated 50,000 amperes sym-metrical interrupting capacity. Ratings are 165% to 250% of rated current. Fuses have visual pop-up blown fuse indication standard.
Discharge Resistors
These reduce the residual voltage to less than 50 V residual within five (5) minutes of de-energization.
Grounding Lugs
Standard.
Power Line Terminals
Large size for easy connection.
Operating Temperature
-40ºF (-40ºC) to 115ºF (+46ºC)
Optional Features
■
Two or three fuses (2400 V to 4800 V).
■
Blown fuse indicating lights (2400 V to 4800 V) for external indication.
StandardDwg No.kvar 2400 Volt 4160 Volt 4800 Volt Lbs (kg)
25 50 75
25243FKED350243FKED375243FKED3
25413FKED350413FKED375413FKED3
25483FKED350483FKED375483FKED3
27.68 (703)27.68 (703)27.68 (703)
6.69 (177)6.96 (177)6.96 (177)
64 (29)64 (29)64 (29)
37.5-437.5-437.5-4
5D102385D102385D10238
100125150
100243FKED3125243FKED3150243FKED3
100413FKED3125413FKED3150413FKED3
100483FKED3125483FKED3150483FKED3
29.44 (748)30.18 (767)32.68 (830)
8.71 (221)9.46 (240)11.96 (304)
69 (31)76 (35)81 (37)
37.5-437.5-437.5-4
5D102385D102385D10238
175200225
175243FKED3200243FKED3225FKY24323
175413FKED3200413FKED3225FKY41323
175483FKED3200483FKED3225FKY48323
33.35 (847)33.35 (847)36.06 (916)
12.63 (321)12.63 (321)18.33 (466)
86 (39)92 (42)103 (47)
37.5-437.5-437.5-4
5D102385D102385D10238
250275300
250FKY24323276FKY24323—
250FKY41323275FKY41323300FKY41323
250FKY48323275FKY48323300FKY48323
36.06 (916)36.06 (992)39.06 (992)
18.33 (466)18.33 (466)18.33 (466)
103 (47)114 (52)114 (52)
37.5-437.5-437.5-4
5D102385D102385D10238
300325350
300FKY24323325FKY24323350FKY24323
—325FKY41323350FKY41323
—325FKY48323350FKY4832
33.43 (849)33.43 (849)33.43 (849)
12.70 (323)12.70 (323)12.70 (323)
149 (68)154 (70)159 (72)
37.5-537.5-537.5-5
5D102405D102405D10240
375400425
375FKY24323400FKY24323425FKY24333
375FKY41323400FKY41323425FKY41333
375FKY48323400FKY48323425FKY48333
33.43 (849)33.43 (849)39.18 (995)
12.70 (323)12.70 (323)18.45 (469)
165 (75)171 (78)181 (82)
37.5-537.5-537.5-5
5D102405D102405D10240
450500525
450FKY24333500FKY24333525FKY24333
450FKY41333500FKY41333525FKY41333
450FKY48333500FKY48333525FKY48333
39.18 (995)39.18 (995)39.18 (995)
18.45 (469)18.45 (469)18.45 (469)
192 (87)192 (87)203 (92)
37.5-537.5-537.5-5
5D102405D102405D10240
550575600
550FKY24333——
550FKY41333575FKY41333600FKY41333
550FKY48333575FKY48333600FKY48333
39.18 (995)39.18 (995)39.18 (995)
18.45 (469)18.45 (469)18.45 (469)
214 (97)214 (97)214 (97)
37.5-537.5-537.5-5
5D102405D102405D10240
575600625
575FKY24333600FKY24333625FKY24333
——625FKY41333
——625FKY48333
33.43 (849)33.43 (849)39.18 (995)
12.70 (323)12.70 (323)18.45 (469)
248 (113)254 (115)265 (120)
37.5-637.5-637.5-6
5D102425D102425D10242
650675700
650FKY24333675FKY24333700FKY24333
650FKY41333675FKY41333700FKY41333
650FKY48333675FKY48333700FKY48333
39.18 (995)39.18 (995)39.18 (995)
18.45 (469)18.45 (469)18.45 (469)
276 (125)287 (130)298 (130)
37.5-637.5-637.5-6
5D102425D102425D10242
725750775800
725FKY24333750FKY42333775FKY24333800FKY24333
725FKY41333750FKY41333775FKY41333800FKY41333
725FKY48333750FKY48333775FKY48333800FKY48333
39.18 (995)39.18 (995)39.18 (995)39.18 (995)
18.45 (469)18.45 (469)18.45 (469)18.45 (469)
298 (130)298 (130)309 (135)320 (140)
37.5-637.5-637.5-637.5-6
5D102425D102425D102425D10242
825850875900
————
825FKY41333850FKY41333875FKY41333900FKY41333
825FKY48333850FKY48333875FKY48333900FKY48333
39.18 (995)39.18 (995)39.18 (995)39.18 (995)
18.45 (469)18.45 (469)18.45 (469)18.45 (469)
331 (145)331 (145)331 (145)331 (145)
37.5-637.5-637.5-637.5-6
5D102425D102425D102425D10242
Standard 3 Fuses Dimensions Approx. Weight FigureNo.
StandardDwg No.kvar 6600 Volt 7200 Volt 12,470 Volt 13,800 Volt (A)
Inches(mm)
(B)Inches(mm)
(C)Inches(mm)
(D)Inches(mm)
Lbs. (kg)
50100150
50663FKED3100663FKED3150663FKED3
50723FKED3100723FKED3150723FKED3
50123FKED3100123FKED3150123FKED3
50133FKED3100133FKED3150133FKED3
4.25 (108)4.25 (108)4.25 (108)
45.50 (1156)45.50 (1156)45.50 (1156)
14.46 (367)14.46 (367)14.46 (367)
0.25 (6)0.25 (6)0.25 (6)
198 (90)198 (90)198 (90)
37.5-737.5-737.5-7
5D102435D102435D10243
200250300
200663FKED3250FKY66323300FKY66323
200723FKED3250FKY2323300FKY2323
200123FKED3250FKY12323300FKY12323
200133FKED3250FKY13323300FKY13323
5.62 (143)5.62 (143)5.62 (143)
45.50 (1156)48.50 (1232)53.50 (1359)
14.46 (367)17.46 (443)17.46 (443)
0.25 (6)0.25 (6)0.25 (6)
220 (100)246 (112)246 (112)
37.5-737.5-737.5-7
5D102435D102435D10243
350400450500
350FKY66323400FKY66323——
350FKY2323400FKY2323——
350FKY12323400FKY12323450FKY12323500FKY12323
350FKY13323400FKY13323450FKY13323500FKY13323
5.62 (143)5.62 (143)5.62 (143)5.62 (143)
53.50 (1359)57.25 (1454)57.25 (1454)57.25 (1454)
17.46 (443)22.46 (570)22.46 (570)26.21 (666)
0.25 (6)0.25 (6)0.25 (6)0.25 (6)
246 (112)281 (128)281 (128)336 (153)
37.5-737.5-737.5-737.5-7
5D102435D102435D102435D10243
CA08104001E For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
37.5-5
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Metal-Enclosed — Medium Voltage
Dimensions
Sheet 1663
Dimensions — Medium Voltage UNIVAR Fixed Capacitors
Figure 37.5-4. Drawing No. 5D10238
Figure 37.5-5. Drawing No. 5D10240
Figure 37.5-6. Drawing No. 5D10242
Figure 37.5-7. Drawing No. 5D10243
4.00
Solderless Conn.for #10 Solid to#4 Str'd Cond.
21.08
15.6216.58
11.34
RemovableTop Cover
A
B
.25-20 Grd Scr.
(2).500 x .625 Slots
A
17.50
14.50
19.75 21.08
15.75
17.15
(4).562MountingHoles
B
.25-20
Grd Scr.
RemovableTop Cover
17.15
21.08
15.75
26.75
24.50
14.50
A
NPNPNP
(4).562Mounting Holes
.25-20Grd Scr.
B
Removable Top Cover
A
CB
D
.250-20Grd. Scr.
16.42
Removable Top Cover
Solderless Conn.for A #10 Solidto A #4 Str'd. Conn.
(2).500 x .625Slots [13 x 16]
25.0824.12
34.00Barriers
37.5-6
For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
CA08104001E
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Sheet 1664
This page intentionally left blank.
CA08104001E For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
37.6-1
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Metal-Enclosed — Medium Voltage
General Description
Sheet 1665
AUTOVAR
Medium Voltage Metal-Enclosed PFC System
Product Description
The AUTOVAR medium voltage automatic power factor capacitor systems are designed for power factor correction in applications where plant power factor can be constant or changing, and an engineered solution is required. These systems can be a fixed amount of capacitance with a disconnect, a number of switched capacitance stages, or a combination of both. The AUTOVAR medium voltage capacitor system can switch stages of capacitance in and out auto-matically based on information col-lected by the power factor controller on the door-in-door control panel.
Applications
■
Large motors.
■
Motor control centers.
■
Branch circuits.
■
Service entrance.
Utility Customers
Metal-enclosed power factor correc-tion systems are fully assembled, tested and ready for installation. Very little field assembly is required. Installa-tion and maintenance costs for metal-enclosed systems are low compared to pole and rack mounted capacitor banks. Metal-enclosed systems and harmonic filters are less vulnerable to wildlife and airborne contaminants that can cause tracking and faults. In addition, metal-enclosed systems significantly reduce the risks and the associated liability involving untrained personnel. All live parts are contained in a grounded, key interlocked enclosure and no internal hardware is accessible. Metal-enclosed systems are aesthetically pleasing due to their low profile, and can be painted to match the surrounding architecture. These are just some of the reasons more and more utilities are utilizing metal-enclosed capacitor and harmonic filter systems.
Industrial Customers
Large industrial power users can utilize the benefits associated with medium voltage power factor correc-tion and harmonic filtering. Medium voltage solutions usually support the scale and scope of larger services. Medium voltage applications can be found in the following types of indus-tries as examples: automotives, pulp and paper, plastics, petrochemical, and heavy manufacturing. Individual fixed capacitors provide power factor correction directly at the cause of the problem, such as a large horsepower MV motor. Medium voltage systems allow large industrials to correct power factor at or close to the point of common coupling (PCC), where the utility electrical system meets theirs. This allows correction for an entire facility, instead of having to correct at multiple locations. The Cutler-Hammer NEMA 3R design also allows the system to be placed outdoors, saving valuable manufacturing floor space. The savings can be enormous, in materials, installation costs and floor space. In short, medium voltage solutions provide a cost-effective alternative to many local low voltage power factor correction units, while protecting the customer’s entire electrical distribution system.
Commercial Customers
Many commercial customers are purchasing power from their utility at higher voltages today (2.4 kV – 15 kV), and can also take advantage of medium voltage power factor correc-tion systems. These solutions can meet the needs of large office com-plexes, hospitals and universities, among others. The benefits of safety (key interlocking, no exposed live parts, etc.), and aesthetics (low profile, can be painted to match environment) both meet the needs of these applica-tions where there are large numbers of untrained personnel in proximity of electrical equipment.
Features, Benefits and Functions
Benefits
Ease of Installation
Eaton makes installation easy. All sys-tems are completely assembled in the factory, with all equipment pre-wired and pre-tested for easy on-site installa-tion. Only shipping splits must be con-nected in the field. Splice kits connect bus systems, and control wiring is easily connected at each enclosure. Current limiting fuses, contactor assemblies, and the incoming switch assembly can be removed from the enclosure if needed. Line terminals are completely accessible from the front of the system.
Personnel Safety
Positive mechanical isolating switch with visible disconnect completely grounds and isolates the unit from the line connectors. A screened barrier protects personnel from live parts. All medium voltage doors are mechani-cally interlocked with the disconnect switch. Key interlocks are provided standard on all enclosure doors, and can be coordinated with upstream disconnect devices. The low voltage control section has a separate door-in-door design, and is segregated from the medium voltage sections so that an operator can work in that section safely.
Ease of Maintenance
All components are front-accessible, facilitating routine inspection or parts replacement. A viewing window is standard on all compartment doors.
37.6-2
For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
CA08104001E
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Metal-Enclosed — Medium Voltage
General Description
Sheet 1666
Flexibility
Systems are expandable. The cus-tomer can add stages in the future by connecting the phase bus in the field via splice kits. Structures can be bolted together in the field.
■
Voltages from 2400 V – 34.5 kV.
■
Reactive power ratings through 30 MVar.
■
Harmonic tuned, de-tuned, or multi-tuned filter designs available.
■
Externally fused capacitor units standard.
■
Blown fuse indication standard.
■
Integral load interrupter switch, NEMA 2 hole termination pad, or VCP-TLC draw-out type circuit breaker.
■
Delivered fully assembled, tested and ready for interconnection.
■
Integral protection and control system.
■
Top or bottom cable entry.
■
Earthing switch.
■
60 kV BIL up to 4.8 kV.
■
95 kV BIL from 4.8 kV to 14.4 kV.
■
125 kV BIL from 14.4 kV to 27 kV.
■
170 kV BIL above 27 kV.
■
Up to 12 automatic switched capacitor stages.
■
Warning labels.
■
Meets the following requirements:
■
ANSI
■
IEEE
■
NEC
■
NESC
■
Main incoming fuses are rated 63 kAIC to provide main bus protection, as well as back-up protection for the capacitor systems.
Standard Features — AUTOVAR MV
Enclosure
Free-standing, 11-gauge steel con-struction with 3-point padlockable latching handles and stainless steel hinges. The enclosure is painted with a corrosion-resistant ANSI 61 light gray enamel paint as standard. Other colors are available as an option. NEMA 3R construction is standard, NEMA 4X is available as an option.
Enclosure is UL/CSA approved.
See
Figure 37.6-2
for dimensions and elevations.
See
Figure 37.6-1
for a typical single-line drawing.
Medium Voltage PFC Enclosure
Bottom Plate Incoming Cutout Provided Standard
Load Interrupter Air Disconnect Switch
Integral disconnect switch, externally operated, mechanically chain driven with visible blades is available as per NEC requirements. Disconnect switch is mechanically interlocked with the ground switch, and with the customer’s upstream device (if applicable). Incoming section is front-accessible only for safety, and screens isolate live connections from the user.
Incoming Section with Protective Screens
Incoming Section with Screens Removed
CA08104001E For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
37.6-3
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Metal-Enclosed — Medium Voltage
General Description
Sheet 1667
Ground Switch
A ground switch is provided to ground the load-side terminals of the incoming switch (or MLO) for safety during maintenance. Optional con-trols are available to permit closing contactors after the grounding switch has been closed to ground capacitors immediately (rather than waiting five (5) minutes for full discharge).
Ground Switch in the Incoming Section
Vacuum Switches
On multi-stage capacitor systems, each stage is controlled by low main-tenance vacuum contactors (2.4 – 7.2 kV) or vacuum switches (7.2 – 15 kV) depending on the application (see below). Oil switches are also available.
15 kV Switched Capacitor Stage Enclosure
Vacuum Contactors
On multi-stage capacitor systems, each stage is controlled by low main-tenance vacuum contactors (2.4 – 7.2 kV) or vacuum switches (7.2 – 15 kV) depending on the application (see below). Oil switches are also available.
5 kV Switched Capacitor Stage Enclosure
Individual Capacitor Fusing
Each capacitor is externally fused with current limiting fuses. Fuses are equipped with blown fuse indication. Internally fused capacitors are also available as an option.
Each Capacitor Section is Individually Fused
Environmental Controls
■
Exhaust fans: Exhaust fans are pro-vided for forced air ventilation of all enclosures as standard.
■
Thermal controls: Thermostats are included as standard to help main-tain an acceptable internal environ-ment for all components.
■
Space heaters: Space heaters are provided to control moisture and humidity inside all enclosures.
37.6-4
For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
CA08104001E
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Metal-Enclosed — Medium Voltage
General Description
Sheet 1668
Capacitors
Low loss, double-bushing capacitors that meet or exceed IEC 871, IEEE Std. 18 and CSA standards are supplied. Capacitors are connected in an ungrounded wye as standard, but can be connected delta as well. The dielectric fluid is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, non-PCB. Capacitor units are equipped with internal discharge resistors which reduce the residual voltage to less than 50 volts within 5 minutes of de-energization.
Harmonic Filtering
Eaton’s Cutler-Hammer medium voltage harmonic filter systems are designed for industrial, utility and commercial power systems to improve power factor, reduce har-monic distortion, increase system capacity and reduce I2R losses. The reactors are typically tuned to the 4.7th harmonic, to mitigate the most damaging 5th level harmonic. This is the most common harmonic produced by six pulse variable speed drives. These filters are designed to the unique specifications of each electrical distribution system. Medium voltage capacitor banks can also be configured with de-tuned harmonic filters, typically set to the 4.2nd harmonic. This helps avoid harmonic resonance problems, provides harmonic filtering, and avoids the overloading that is possible with an improperly applied filter.
Harmonic Filter Capacitor Stage Enclosure
Key Interlock System
The key interlock system controls the sequential operation of the load break switch (or circuit breaker) and the ground switch to permit safe entry into the capacitor system. All capacitor stage enclosures are also interlocked with the ground switch. If applicable, the customer’s upstream disconnect device can be interlocked as well. See
Figure 37.6-1
for key interlock opera-tion on a typical single-line drawing.
Key Interlock System Ensures Safety in Main and Stage Doors
Blown Fuse Detection System
A visual pop-up blown fuse detection system is provided as standard.
Control Power Transformer
A fused control power transformer rated for 1.75 kVA is provided for pro-tection, control and operation of the capacitor or harmonic filter system.
Transient Voltage Surge Suppression
A TVSS unit is supplied standard for protection of all low voltage controls in the system.
CPT and TVSS Provide Power and Protection for Control Section
Control Panel
A door-in-door NEMA 3R swing-out control panel is provided on the main incoming structure as standard. This unit includes a viewing window so that all controls and information can be viewed without opening the panel. All low voltage controls and logic are accessible from the front of the system, and are isolated from the medium voltage section.
Included:
■
PFC controller.
■
Ammeter with switch (for mainte-nance and diagnostic purposes).
■
Stage ON/OFF pilot lights.
■
Manual stage operation switches.
■
Any special controls requested by the customer.
Door-in-Door Control Panel
CA08104001E For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
37.6-5
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Metal-Enclosed — Medium Voltage
General Description
Sheet 1669
Solid-State Controller
Automatic metal-enclosed capacitors and harmonic filter systems come equipped with an automatic controller that switches each capacitor stage based upon power factor. The cus-tomer simply programs in the target PF to meet. The controller analyzes current PF, the size of each stage, and turns on and off stages to meet the customer’s programmed target. The controller has alarms such as power factor out of range, high harmonic voltage content and loss of power.
Up to 12 steps of capacitance can be designed into any system. Customers can note this feature when designing for future expansions.
Communications
Communications of power factor data via RS-232, RS-485 or Modbus
�
is available as an option. Communicated information from the controllers:
■
Voltage.
■
Current.
■
Target power factor.
■
Current power factor.
■
Active power.
■
Apparent power.
■
Reactive power.
■
Number of steps in the circuit.
■
All alarm status.
■
All counters.
■
Time and date.
Inrush Reactors
Inrush reactors are provided as stan-dard on all switched (non-harmonic filtered) capacitor systems for protec-tion against transients from back-to-back switching. Reactors in harmonic filtered applications provide this same protection.
Inrush Reactor for Back-to-Back Switching
Bus
Continuous 1/4” x 2” silver-plated copper bus rated 600 A standard is provided throughout the line-up for easy interconnection, field installation and future expansion.
Phase Bus
Continuous 1/4” x 1” silver-plated copper ground bus rated 300 A is provided throughout the line-up for easy interconnection, field installation and future expansion. Ground studs are available in all structures for customer connection.
Continuous Ground Bus with Pad in Each Section
Additional Standard Controls and Features
■
Three-phase manual current moni-toring, for maintenance purposes.
■
Unbalance alarm and unit shutdown on all wye-connected systems.
■
Unit alarm and isolated fail-safe contacts for customer use on all sys-tems. Controls allow sufficient time (5 minutes) to allow the capacitors time to discharge before re-energi-zation can occur.
■
Overvoltage alarm.
■
Temperature alarms on all harmonic filter units.
■
Manual stage controls.
37.6-6
For more information visit:
www.EatonElectrical.com
CA08104001E
June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Metal-Enclosed — Medium Voltage
General Description
Sheet 1670
Medium Voltage Metal-Enclosed PFC System
Optional Features
Fixed Capacitor Systems
For standard fixed capacitor applica-tions where the customer requires a disconnect, Eaton can provide a unit with a main load break switch, fuse, inrush reactor, and 3-phase fixed delta capacitor cell. This system can be pro-vided at the following ratings:
■
2.4 – 4.8 kV, up to 900 kvar, 94 H x 45 W x 49 D inches (2387.6 H x 1143.0 W x 1244.6 D mm), NEMA 3R enclosure.
■
5.5 – 14.4 kV, up to 2400 kvar, 94 H x 90 W x 49 D inches (2387.6 H x 2286.0 W x 1244.6 D mm), NEMA 3R enclosure (includes a ground switch).
See
Figure 37.6-3
and
Figure 37.6-5
for structure outlines. See
Figure 37.6-4
and
Figure 37.6-6
for one-line drawings.
Harmonic Filter Reactors
Iron core reactors provide the neces-sary reactance to tune the capacitor system to a desired frequency. Stan-dard tuning is the 4.7th harmonic. Other tuning frequencies, as well as multi-tuned systems, are also available.
Harmonic Filter
Lightning Arresters
Optional heavy-duty distribution class lightning arresters protect the capacitor system from lightning and switching transients.
IQ Digital Power Meter
A highly advanced digital power meter (IQ Analyzer or Power Xpert
�
series), suited to many power and control applications, can be supplied as an option. This solid-state meter can take the place of numerous meters and control circuits to meet your power and energy monitoring requirements. Communications options are also available.
IQ Analyzer 6600
Circuit BreakerThe VCP-TLC drawout type and VCP-TRLC fixed type medium voltage circuit breakers are available with short circuit breaking current ratings up to 25 kV and continuous current ratings up to 1200 amperes. The linear actuator mechanism provides for a high degree of reliability with low maintenance needs.
Predictive Diagnostics/Partial Discharge DetectionSensors can be mounted in medium voltage power factor correction sys-tems to detect partial discharges in an enclosure and/or adjoining enclosures. They can be connected to an Insul-Gard� monitor mounted in the field, or mounted in the MV PFC enclosure. The InsulGard monitor can ascertain the relative condition of insulation in the electrical distribution system, the deterioration of which is the leading cause of electrical failures. With the InsulGard, there is no need to take equipment out of service or send per-sonnel to conduct tests. It constantly monitors its sensors and alerts the operator of a potential problem.
Partial Discharge Sensor Connection Point
Enclosure OptionsNEMA 4X construction for highly caus-tic environments or areas requiring wash down.
Other plant colors available.
Alarm StrobeStrobe light can be provided for visual indication of faults and alarms.
Current TransformerAutomatic systems can be shipped with a customer-specified current transformer for mounting in the field.
CA08104001E For more information visit: www.EatonElectrical.com
37.6-7June 2006
Power Factor Capacitors and Harmonic Filters
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Metal-Enclosed — Medium VoltageTechnical Data
Sheet 1671
Technical Data
Figure 37.6-1. Typical Medium Voltage Automatic Power Factor Correction Single-Line Drawing
Cutler-Hammer is a federally registered trademark of Eaton Corporation. NEMA is the registered trademark and service mark of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. National Electrical Code and NEC are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Mass. UL is a federally registered trademark of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. CSA is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association. Modbus is a registered trademark of Modicon, a division of Schneider Electric Industries SA.
19.00
91
levation Right Side Elevation
8 Tiedown Points Per EnclosureFront & Rear
For 1/2-Inch HardwareFloor Plan
48.2719.00Conduit
Area
Incomingd i
15.00
Estimated Weight: 3,400 lbs
49.10
19.00
16.00
13.00
4.00 38.00
Top View
Top EntryControlConduit
4" x 4"
Top EntryMV Conduit
Area
5.5 kV – 14.4 kV Fixed Capacitor Bank
Control Schematic Single-Line
From Customer's 120 Vac Source 120 Vac/20 A, 1-PH, 60 Hz
From Customer's Feeder Breaker 5.5 kV – 14.4 kV, 3-Phase
KO-KO Interlock at Customer Breaker
Main Switch
Fuse 63 kAIC15.5 kV
K0
K0
K1
K1
S1
S1
Ground Switch
Inrush Reactor
Enclosure Door
Capacitor Bank
Fans: 115 V/60 Hz/0.5 A
Space Heater: 120 V/60 Hz/350 W
1L
1L 1NGND BUS
1 1
TB1-1L TB1-1N TB1-G
#12 (BK)
#12 (BK)
TSH1
H1
40ºF 80ºF
F1F11
Fans
F12
HTR1
TSF1
#12 (WH)
20 A 120 V/10 KAIC
1N G
4.00
8.2311.42
8 Tiedown Points Per EnclosureFront & Rear
For 1/2-Inch Hardware
(Typ)
(Typ)
1.50
45.00
19.001
19.001
IncomingConduitArea
Floor Plan
49.10
Right Side ElevationFront Elevation
0.3392.56
48.27
900 kvar / 2.4 kV – 4.8 kV Fixed Capacitor Bank
Estimated Weight: 1,700 lbs
19.00
16.00
15.00 13.0038.00
Top View
Top Entry MV Conduit AreaTop Entry
ControltConduit4" x 4"
2.4 kV – 4.8 kV Fixed Capacitor Bank
Control Schematic Single-Line
From Customer's Feeder Breaker 2.4 kV – 4.8 kV, 3-Phase
From Customer's 120 Vac Source 120 Vac/20 A, 1-PH, 60 Hz
KO-KO Interlock at Customer Breaker
Main Switch
Fuse 63 kAIC5.5 kV
K0
K1
K0
K1
Inrush Reactor
Enclosure Door
Capacitor Bank
Fans: 115 V/60 Hz/0.5 A
Space Heater: 120 V/60 Hz/350 W
1L 1NGND BUS
1 1
TB1-1L TB1-1N TB1-G
#12 (BK)
40ºF 80ºF
H1 F1
Fans
F11
F12
HTR1
TSH1 TSF1
#12 (BK) #12 (WH)
20 A 120 V/10 kAIC
1L 1N G
37.6-10
For more information visit: www.EatonElectrical.com CA08104001E