Ch. 9 recap Washington and Adams are our first and second presidents Political parties get started.

Ch. 9 recap

Washington and Adams are our first and second presidents

Political parties get started

The First Political PartiesFederalists

Strong central government

Loose interpretation of Constitution Flexible to change

National bank

Democratic Republicans Weaker central

government Strict interpretation of

Constitution Opposed national

bank

1800-1816

Presidential Smack-Down: The Election of 1800!!

John Adams (Federalists) vs. Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republicans)

The DR’s thought the Feds had ruined the Bill of Rights with the Alien and Sedition Acts (from Ch. 9)

The Feds thought the DR’s were radicals

RADICALS- People who take an extreme political opinion

The Election ends with a tie in the Electoral College Jefferson – 73 votes Adams – 65 votes Aaron Burr – 73 votes

Both Jefferson and Burr are Democratic Republicans, but the Federalists run the House of Representatives

The House votes for the President if there is a tie

Jefferson wins after a tie-breaker in the House of Representatives

It took 35 times This leads to the

Aaron Burr- Alexander Hamilton duel

Ride or Die: The Hamilton/ Burr duel (Don’t write this down)

Jefferson was a man of many talents (Don’t write this down)LawyerArchitectInventorViolinistArcheologist (1st

American)Book Collector

Thomas Jefferson

Had strong opinions on what America should be like

Tried unite the country by promoting a common way of life The U.S. should be a

country of small, independent farmers

His role as President would be modest

Jefferson believed…

A nation of small farmers would have strong moral and democratic values

Large amount of land in the U.S. will prevent overcrowding

The central government should stay small

Undoing Federalist Programs Jefferson ends the Alien and Sedition

Acts He reduces taxes and the size of the

government and military He undoes Hamilton’s policy of

public debt

John Marshall and the Judiciary Jefferson has little power over the

courts Judges are appointed for life

John Marshall- 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Served for over 30

years Held back the

power of the DR’s by using JUDICIAL REVIEW

Under Marshall, the Supreme Court will strengthen the federal government

Remember, the Federalists want a strong central government, and Marshall is a Federalist

Marbury v. Madison

This case established judicial review

Jefferson and Madison were unhappy with Marbury v. Madison Added strength to Supreme Court and

the federal government

With Judicial Review, Marshall creates a lasting balance among the three branches of government

“The West”

The West

The Appalachians to the Mississippi River

Thousands begin to move west Kentucky and Tennessee are states by 1800 Ohio is a state by 1803

The Mississippi River is the western boundary of the U.S. Spain and France are negotiating who owns

what west of the River

Napoleon and New Orleans

To avoid war, Jefferson asks to buy New Orleans

Napoleon offers to sell the entire Louisiana Territory instead

Napoleon wants to sell for 3 reasons: America’s determination to keep

New Orleans A slave revolt in the West Indies

Costly war with Britain

The Louisiana Purchase

April 30, 1803- Jefferson buys all of Louisiana from France for 15 million dollars

3 cents per acre 13 states will come from the land

purchased

Merriwether Lewis and William Clark

Lewis was in charge, with Clark as second in command The group of volunteers was called the Corps of

Discovery They later changed the name to the Lewis and Clark

Expedition

Sacagawea

A Shoshone woman who guided Lewis and Clark

She knew the land, and had mad language skills

The Expedition brought back a wealth of scientific and geographic knowledge

There was no all-water route to the Pacific Ocean!

What they found (Don’t write this down)

The Effects of Exploration Accurate maps of the West beyond

the Mississippi Growth of the fur trade

Jefferson wanted us to stay out of foreign business, just like Washington said

This would fail for three reasons#1: American merchants were trading

all over the world

#2: The Louisiana Purchase means expansion to the West

Americans will come into closer contact with people of other nations living there.

SpanishFrenchNative Americans

#3: We have little control over the actions of foreign nations

North African pirates are messing with our shipping

Problems with England and FranceBritain and France are still at war, and the

U.S. trading with France bothers Britian

1805- Britain clamps down on American shipping, and sets up a partial blockade

This angers France, who sets up their own laws about who we can trade with

Who do we listen to?

Also, the British begin impressment, kidnapping our sailors at sea to work on British ships

Jefferson avoids war, and is becoming unpopular

Instead of war, Jefferson passes the Embargo Act of 1807 American ships are not allowed to sail to

foreign ports American ports are closed to British

ships

It was a disaster

More harmful to the U.S. than the British or French

“Like cutting one’s throat to cure a nosebleed”

Major issue in the election of 1808, and Jefferson loses to James Madison Congress kills the Embargo Act

Americans also believed that the British were stirring up the Native Americans again Indians in the Northwest have been

losing more and more land, but getting more and more guns

Tecumseh

Tecumseh, a Shawnee chief, asks the Native Americans to unite

The Treaty of Fort Wayne gives the U.S. 3 million acres of land, but Tecumseh declares it meaningless

He begins to build an army

Battle of Tippecanoe

While Tecumseh is away recruiting more tribes, William Henry Harrison defeats Tecumseh’s Indian army at Tippecanoe

Tecumseh and his buddies flee to Canada

The warm welcome they get by the British only angers Americans more.

The War Hawks

Some people welcome a war with Britain Henry Clay Andrew Jackson

Westerners who wanted war were called War Hawks

The War Hawks wanted the British to stop impressment stop helping the Native Americans get out of Canada

We declare war on June 18, 1812. Our second, and last, war with Britain

It Just Got Real: the War of 1812 Britain doesn’t want a war, it’s

already at war with France They agree to leave our ships alone,

but it’s too late The agreement arrives two weeks after

we declare war

The War Begins

The War has 2 main phases

Phase 1: 1812-1814: The British blockade American shipping Still at war with France, few troops to

send to America

Phase 2: After April 1814: The British defeat France, and concentrate on America

The U.S. Army is weak and badly trained

Only 7,000 men in the Army The Navy has only 16 ships

First phase of the War: The Navy saves our bacon!

The Constitution and United States win big victories at sea, it boosts American confidence

Battle of Lake Erie

Oliver Hazard Perry fights the British in a naval battle on Lake Erie

Most important naval victory of the war!

Meanwhile, on land… William Henry Harrison invades Canada,

and defeats the British at the Battle of the Thames

Tecumseh is killed in the fighting

The Second Phase of the War

The British land near D.C., and burn the Capitol and the White House

Dolly Madison (James’ wife) escapes with a lot of papers and valuables

Ft. McHenry and the National Anthem

The British attack Fort William McHenry at Baltimore

Francis Scott Key sees the attack and writes a poem

This poem becomes the national anthem

Oh, say can you see by the dawn early light What so proudly we hail’d at the twilight’s last

gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the

perilous fight O’er the ramparts we watch’d were so gallantly

streaming? And the rockets red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still

there Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

Don’t write this down

The tune for the national anthem is actually a British drinking song

The reason the song was written was because the American flag was so small that Key really couldn’t see it

Oh, say can you see by the dawn early light What so proudly we hail’d at the twilight’s last

gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the

perilous fight O’er the ramparts we watch’d were so gallantly

streaming? And the rockets red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still

there Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

The Battle of New Orleans 7,500 British troops land near New

Orleans Andrew Jackson puts together a force

of pirates, militia, and felons Biggest and bloodiest battle of the

war

The British lose over 2,000 men The Americans lose only 71 men Jackson is a hero!

Funny thing is…

The war ended two weeks earlier! The Treaty of Ghent ends the War of

1812.

The Legacy of the War

There was no clear winner, but there were clear consequences Perry and Jackson’s victories increased

American patriotism The strength of Native Americans is

broken The U.S. begins to make products that it

usually had to import

It also showed the world that we could take on the biggest bully in the neighborhood, and survive

Not only survive, but grow!