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CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 1)
Chapter 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication
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Page 2
CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 2)
Relationship Stages
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Relationships are created and constructed by individuals
A single relationship actually contains multiple relationships
Relationships occur in stages developing toward intimacy and dissolution
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CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 3)
Relationship Stages (cont.)
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1. Six stage modelStage One: Contact – first impressions
Perceptual Interactional
Stage Two: Involvement – sense of mutual connection develops
Experimenting and testing Increase time together
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CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 4)
Relationship Stages (cont.)
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Stage Three: Intimacy – commit to establishing a relationship; become a unit, an identifiable pair
Talk about relationship Share social networks Interpersonal commitment Social bonding
Stage Four: Relationship deterioration – weakening of bonds
Intrapersonal dissatisfaction Interpersonal deterioration
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CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 5)
Relationship Stages (cont.)
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Stage Five: Repair Intrapersonal repair Interpersonal repair
Stage Six: Dissolution – breaking bonds; see selves as individuals rather than two halves of a pair
Interpersonal separation Social or public separation
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CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 6)
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2. Movement in the stages
Exit arrows Vertical arrows Self-reflexive
arrows
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CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 7)
Relationship Stages (cont.)
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3. Turning points Significant events Positive or negative Vary culturally
4. Relationship license Permission to break a rule Reciprocal or non-reciprocal Usually implied
Page 8
CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 8)
Relationship Theories
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1. Attraction theory Similarity
Similarity principle Complementarity
Proximity Reinforcement Physical attractiveness and personality Socioeconomic and educational status Reciprocity of liking
Page 9
CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 9)
Relationship Theories (cont.)
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2. Relationship rules theory Friendship Romantic Family
What you can talk about How you can talk about something Who you can talk about it to
Workplace
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CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 10)
Relationship Theories (cont.)
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3. Relationship dialectics theory – tensions between opposite motives or desires Open (see other people) and closed (exclusivity) Autonomy (independence) and connection
(intimacy) Novelty (new experiences) and predictability
(stability)
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CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 11)
Relationship Theories (cont.)
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3. Relationship dialectics theory (cont.) Strategies to balance tensions
Accept imbalance Exit relationship Rebalance your life
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CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 12)
Relationship Theories (cont.)
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4. Social penetration theory – what you talk about changes with level of intimacy Breadth – range of topics Depth – inner personality or core of person Depenetration – decrease sharing as a
relationship declines
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CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 13)
Relationship Theories (cont.)
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5. Social exchange theory – maximize relational profits Profit = cost – reward
Reward – something it costs you to obtain (money, status, love, information, goods, services)
Costs – things you would normally avoid Profit – when you subtract the costs from the rewards
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CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 14)
Relationship Theories (cont.)
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5. Social exchange theory (cont.) Comparison level – your idea or expectations of
what rewards you should get in a relationship Comparison level for alternatives – level of
rewards in current relationship compared to another relationship
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CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 15)
Relationship Theories (cont.)
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6. Equity theory Builds on social exchange theory Equitable relationship – your rewards equal your
partner’s Underbenefitted Overbenefitted
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CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 16)
Relationship Theories (cont.)
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7. Politeness theory Two people develop a relationship when each
respects, contributes to, and acknowledges the positive and negative face needs of the other and deteriorates when they don’t
Politeness relaxes as intimacy increases
Page 17
CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 17)
Relationship Communication
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1. Communicating in developing relationships Be nice Communicate Be open Give assurances Share joint activities Be positive Focus on self-improvement Be empathic
Page 18
CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 18)
Relationship Theories (cont.)
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2. Communicating in deteriorating relationships Communication patterns
Withdrawal Decline in self-disclosure Deception Positive messages decrease and negative messages
increase
Page 19
CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 19)
Relationship Theories (cont.)
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2. Communicating in deteriorating relationships (cont.) Strategies of disengagement
Positive tone to preserve relationship Justification to explain breakup Deception De-escalation to reduce intensity
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CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 20)
Relationship Theories (cont.)
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2. Communicating in deteriorating relationships (cont.) Dealing with a breakup
Break loneliness-depression cycle Take time out Bolster self-esteem Remove uncomfortable relationship symbols Be mindful of your relationship patterns
Page 21
CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 21)
Relationship Theories (cont.)
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3. Communicating in relationship repair Interpersonal repair
R – Recognize the problem
E – Engage in productive conflict resolution
P – Pose possible solutions
A – Affirm each other
I – Integrate solutions into normal behavior
R – Risk
Page 22
CH 9: Foundations of Interpersonal Communication (slide 22)
Relationship Theories (cont.)
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3. Communicating in relationship repair (cont.) Intrapersonal repair
Remember punctuation