Ch. 8.1 & 9 ATP, Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis.

Ch. 8.1 & 9 ATP, Cellular Respiration

and Photosynthesis

I. Living things need energy…

A.Moving muscles

B. Building essential molecules

C. Transporting substances across cell membranes.

II. Where do we get energy?

A. Food 1. to grow 2. to reproduce.

III. Sources of EnergyA. Autotrophs (plants)

1. can make own food 2. by process of

photosynthesis 3. also called Producers

B. Heterotrophs 1. get food from others 2. called consumers

Plants and animals need each other to survive.

IV. Chemical EnergyA. Stored in chemical bonds of

compounds.

B. Compounds that store energy: ATP, NADH and FADH2.

Building Bonds = stores energy

Breaking Bonds = releases energy

So what does ATP stand for?

Adenosine Triphosphate

Many Uses 1. Mechanical functions of cells

2. Carry out Active transport

3. Breakdown large molecules

Adenine

Ribose 3 Phosphate groups

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The Three Components of ATP

Ribose

Adenine

P P P

Energy is released when the high energy

phosphate bond between the 2nd and 3rd

“P” is broken.

1. Energy is stored in ATP’s high-energy phosphate

bonds.

How does ATP store energy?

Energy

+ +

ADP P ATP++ Energy

2. When a free phosphate group is attached onto ADP, energy is stored in this bond to

create ATP.

How does ATP store energy?

For the cell to release and use the energy in ATP, the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups must break; leaving ADP and a free phosphate group.

Ribose

Adenine

P P P Energy Released

ATPADP P

Using ATP Energy

ATP /ADP Cycle

ATP /ADP ATP /ADP CycleCycle

ATP

ADP

P P

Energy Stored

Energy

Released to do

work

Bonds Formed to make ATP

Bonds Broken

ADP P

ATP

ADP

ADP

A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second!!!

Energy Released

Energy

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

What is photosynthesis?• A chemical reaction in which plants

take the light energy from the sun and convert it to chemical energy to make their own food.

• Plants cells contain organelles called CHLOROPLASTS

• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll (green color) which makes photosynthesis possible.

• Carbon Dioxide enters the leaves through the stomata (openings) and combines with the stored energy in the chloroplasts to make glucose.

• Glucose is moved through the phloem to the rest of the plant.

Glucose is used as a food source for the plants to carry out life processes.

Unused glucose is stored as a starch or becomes part of the plant’s tissue.

Chemical Equation-Photosynthesis

6 CO2+ 6 H2O + sunlight 6 O2 + C6H12O6 Carbon dioxide +water +sunlight (yields) oxygen +

glucose

How does this relate to Cellular Respiration?

Reactants Products

Once plants change the energy from the sunlight into chemical energy during photosynthesis, organisms then have to change that chemical energy into a form that is usable by the organism’s cells during a process called Cellular Respiration.

What is cellular respiration?

The release of chemical energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules for use by the cells.

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Reactants Products

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP

(glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy)

-

• 2 forms: Aerobic (with O2 - oxygen) Anaerobic (without O2- oxygen)

• Reaction is opposite of Photosynthesis

AEROBIC RESPIRATION takes place in the presence of oxygen:(3

steps)• Glycolysis- occurs in the cytoplasm

producing 2 ATPs and 2 pyruvates.

2.Krebs Cycle- takes place in the

mitochondria. uses the 2 pyruvates from

glycolysis and releases 2 ATPs, 6CO2 and

many NADH & FADH2

3.Electron Transport- takes place in the mitochondria.

Uses the NADH & FADH2 from Krebs and produces 32 ATPs and 6H2O

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION (no oxygen present)

• Glycolysis- produces 2 ATP’s and 2 pyruvates

Alcoholic Fermentation in yeast ORLactic Acid Fermentation in muscles