Ch 8 sec 3

INDEPENDENCE

North America

• English colonies were allowed more freedom for self-rule

• France kept a tighter control over their colonies

English Colonies

• Every colony had a governor and usually he was elected by the people

• Colonists elected legislatures who helped the governor

• This helped prepare them for self rule

• English Colonies gain independence in 1783

• Set up a government where no one part has too much power!

French Colonies

• King appointed governors with no legislature

• King controlled taxes and trade

Spanish Colonies

• The creoles were discontent with their lack of power in the government

• The colonies could not trade with anyone except Spain

• The Spanish king wanted to keep the philosophies and ideas away from his subjects

• Two men known for their role in the Spanish struggle for independence

1. Simon Bolivar

2. Jose de San Martin

Simon Bolivar

Simon Bolivar

• His tutor exposed him to several philosophers

• Believed that freedom was the source of man’s happiness

• He led his troops to push the Spaniards out of Venezuela from the south, east, and west

• Felt the only way to free Venezuela was to free the entire continent

Jose de San Martin

Jose de San Martin

• Chosen by the Argentinian government to free Peru

• Chose gauchos as his troops

• Bolivar sent him a letter offering his assistance.

– San Martin attacked Peru from the South and Bolivar’s troops attacked from the North

Independence in Brazil

• A non-violent independence

• Napoleon captured Portugal and the king fled to Brazil and improved it to “be fit for the monarchy”

• The king, King Joao, returned to Portugal and left his son, Pedro in charge

• Crowned emperor of independent Brazil as Pedro I

King Joao

King Pedro I