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Science Explorer Grade 7 Guided Reading and Study Workbook 85
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
C H A P T E R 8
EROSION AND DEPOSITION
Changing Earth’s Surface(pages 252-255)
This section explains how sediment is carried away and deposited elsewhere to weardown and build up Earth’s surface. The section also describes ways that gravity movessediment downhill.
Wearing Down and Building Up (page 253)
1. What is erosion?
2. List the forces that cause erosion.
a. b. c.
d. e.
3. The material moved by erosion is called .
4. Where does deposition occur?
Mass Movement (pages 253–255)
5. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about gravity.
a. It pulls things toward Earth’s center.
b. It causes landslides.
c. It causes mass movement.
d. It is a force of erosion.
SECTION
8–1
86 Guided Reading and Study Workbook Science Explorer Grade 7
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
6. Is the following sentence true or false? The most destructive kind of
mass movement is creep.
7. Is the following sentence true or false? Mudflows and slump are
especially likely in soils high in clay.
8. Complete the concept map.
CHAPTER 8, Erosion and Deposition (continued)
Mass movement
Landslides
includes
Match the type of mass movement with its description.
Mass Movement
9. landslide
10. mudflow
11. slump
12. creep
Description
a. Rock and soil suddenly slip down a slopein one large mass.
b. Rock and soil slide quickly down a slope.
c. Rock and soil move very slowly downhill.
d. A mixture of water, rock, and soil movesrapidly downhill.
When reading about cyclical processes, making a cycle diagram can help you understand howthe processes are related. As you read or review Section 8-1, make a cycle diagram showinghow the processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition are related. For more information oncycle diagrams, see page 661 in the Skills Handbook of the textbook. Do your work on aseparate sheet of paper.
Reading Skill Practice
Science Explorer Grade 7 Guided Reading and Study Workbook 87
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
The Force of Moving Water(pages 271-274)
This section explains why moving water has energy and how it erodes and carriessediment. The section also identifies the factors that determine how much sediment ariver can erode and carry.
Work and Energy (pages 271–272)
1. The ability to do work or cause change is .
2. Energy that is stored for later use is called energy.
3. Is the following statement true or false? Kinetic energy is the energy an
object has due to its motion.
How Water Erodes and Carries Sediment (page 272)
4. In what ways can sediment enter a river?
5. The wearing away of rock by a grinding action is called
.
6. Is the following sentence true or false? Sediment in a river abrades the
streambed and is abraded by the streambed in return.
7. The amount of sediment that a river carries is its .
8. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about a river’s sediment.
a. Gravity and the force of the water cause sediment to move downstream.
b. Most small sediments move by rolling and sliding along the bottom.
c. Most large sediments move by bouncing.
d. Some sediments are dissolved by the water and carried in solution.
SECTION
8–3
CHAPTER 8, Erosion and Deposition (continued)
Science Explorer Grade 7 Guided Reading and Study Workbook 91
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
Erosion and Sediment Load (pages 273–274)
9. Complete the concept map.
A river’s power to erode
depends on
10. Is the following sentence true or false? When a river slows down anddeposits its sediment load, smaller particles of sediment are deposited
first.
11. Circle the letter of each factor that increases the speed of a river.
a. Steep slope b. Low volume
c. Deep streambed d. Boulders in streambed
12. Circle the letter of each factor that decreases the speed of a river.
a. Gentle slope b. High volume
c. Shallow streambed d. Boulders in streambed
Match the term with its definition.
Term
13. flow
14. friction
15. turbulence
16. Is the following sentence true or false? Where a river flows in a straightline, the water flows faster along the river’s sides than near the center.
Definition
a. Movement of water every which wayinstead of downstream
b. Force that opposes the motion of onesurface across another
c. Volume of water that moves past a pointon a river in a given time
92 Guided Reading and Study Workbook Science Explorer Grade 7
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
17. Label the drawing to show where the river erodes sediment and whereit deposits sediment as it flows around the curve.
CHAPTER 8, Erosion and Deposition (continued)
Glaciers(pages 275-279)
This section describes huge ice masses, called glaciers. The section also describes the iceages, a time when glaciers covered much of Earth. In addition, the section explainshow glaciers form and move and how they cause erosion and deposition.
Kinds of Glaciers (pages 275–276)
1. Any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land is a(n)
.
2. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about valley glaciers.
a. They are long, narrow glaciers.
b. They are found on many high mountains.
c. They are larger than continental glaciers.
d. They follow river valleys.
3. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about continental glaciers.
a. They are larger than valley glaciers.
b. They spread out over wide areas.
c. They are found only in Antarctica.
d. They cover 2 percent of Earth’s land.
SECTION
8–4
Science Explorer Grade 7 Guided Reading and Study Workbook 93
Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________
WordWiseUse the clues to help you unscramble the key terms from Chapter 8. Then put the numberedletters in the right order to spell out the answer to the riddle.
Clues Key Terms
It’s how sediment moves. sorineo1 2
It’s how sediment settles. oisontipde3
It’s a small particle that moves. ideemtns4 5
It’s how much sediment a river carries. adol6
It’s the force that opposes motion nfcotiriof one surface across another. 7
It’s how rocks are polished. barinoas8 9
It can be found where a river enters a lake. ldtae10
It separates two drainage basins. vdeiid11
It’s formed by a chunk of ice. teketl12
It sticks out in the water like a finger. ipst13
It’s a ridge at the edge of a glacier. noamire14
It’s a deposit of clay and silt. seols15
It’s how most wind erosion occurs. otefdalni16
It flows into a larger stream. tutyrabir17 18
It’s a kind of lake created by a river. wxoob19
It’s the ability to do work or cause change. ynreeg20