Ch 6 Sec 1 PPT

8/7/2019 Ch 6 Sec 1 PPT

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Ch 6 Sec 1 ² The Roman World Takes Shape

I. Geography and peoples of Italy

A. Geography

1. Peninsula ± looks like a boot & juts out into the

Mediterranean Sea

2. Rome - center of Italy

3. Because of its geography, Italy was much easier tounify than Greece (no rocky islands like Greece)

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B. Peoples

1. The Latins (ancestors of the Romans) settled

along the Tiber River in small villages where theyherded and farmed

2. Romans shared the peninsula with the Greek

colonists and the Etruscans who lived in the north

of Rome

3. Romans learned much from the Etruscans

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II, The Roman Republic

y A. The Government Takes Shape 1. Romans set up a republic ± government in

which some officials were chosen by the

people

2. Senate ± most powerful governing bodyy A.) Its 300 members were patricians ± members of

the landholding upper class

y B.) Senators made the laws

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3. Each year the senators elected two consuls from

the patrician class

y A.) They supervised the business of government and

commanded the armies

y B.) They served only 1 term and were expected to check with

the Senate (system of checks)

4. In the event of war, the senate might choose adictator , or ruler who has complete control over a

gov¶t.

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B. Plebeians Demand Equality

1. All gov¶t officials were patricians

2. Plebeians, the farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders

had little influence

3. In time, the Plebeians gained the right to elect their own

officials, called tribunes, to protect their interests

a.) The tribunes could veto, or block, those laws thatthey felt were harmful to plebeians

C. A Lasting Legacy

1. The Senate still dominated but the common people had

gained power without having to resort to war or revolution

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III. Roman Society ± Male head of

household had absolute power over family

A. Changing Role of Women 1. In later Roman times, women from all classes ran a

variety of businesses

2. Most women worked at home raising their families

3. Over the centuries, Roman women gained greater freedom and influence

y B. Education

1. Girls and boys alike learned to read and write (even

lower class Romans) 2. By the late Republic, many wealthy Romans hired

private tutors to educate their children

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y C. Religion

1. The Roman god Jupiter ruled over the sky and

other gods

2. Juno, his wife, protected marriage

3. Romans also prayed to Neptune, god of the

sea

4. The Roman calendar was full of feasts and

other celebrations to honor the gods

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IV. Expansion in Italy

y A. Citizen-soldiers

1. The basic military unit was the legion, madeup of 5000 men

2. Citizen soldiers fought without pay and

supplied their own weapons

y B. Conquered Lands

1. Rome generally treated its defeated enemies

with justice

2. Conquered people had to acknowledge Roman

leadership, pay taxes, and supply soldiers for the

Roman army

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3. In return, Rome let them keep their own

customs, money, and government

4. To a few groups of conquered people, Rome

gave the right of full citizenship 5. Others became partial citizens, who were

allowed to marry Romans and carry on trade in

Rome

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V. Protection and Unification 1. To protect its conquests, Rome posted soldiers

throughout the land

2. It also built a network of all-weather military

roads to link distant territories to Rome

3. Local peoples began to incorporate Latin into

their languages and adopted many Roman

customs and beliefs

Ch 6 Sec 1 PPT

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