Chapter 6 A New Industrial Age 1877-1900
Ch 6 industrialization 2013
Dec 24, 2014
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Chapter 6 Chapter 6
A New Industrial
Age1877-1900
A New Industrial
Age1877-1900
I. Expansion of IndustryI. Expansion of Industry
A.Natural Resources
Oil, Iron, Coal
A.Natural Resources
Oil, Iron, Coal
B. Inventions B. Inventions
Henry Bessemer & William Kelly (1850) – purified iron = Bessemer Process - STEEL
* Brooklyn Bridge
* Skyscraper, Chicago – William Jenney
* Railroads
Henry Bessemer & William Kelly (1850) – purified iron = Bessemer Process - STEEL
* Brooklyn Bridge
* Skyscraper, Chicago – William Jenney
* Railroads
COMMUNICATION
Christopher Sholes (1867) - typewriter
Alexander Graham Bell (1876) - telephone
COMMUNICATION
Christopher Sholes (1867) - typewriter
Alexander Graham Bell (1876) - telephone
Thomas Edison – 1,093 patents
Lewis Latimer – “Edison Pioneers”
Fine carbon wire in lightbulb
Granville T. Woods
“Black Edison”
Engineer
Thomas Edison – 1,093 patents
Lewis Latimer – “Edison Pioneers”
Fine carbon wire in lightbulb
Granville T. Woods
“Black Edison”
Engineer
1877, phonograph
Motion pictures, 1891
Lightbulb, 1879
II. Age of RailroadsII. Age of Railroads
Major settlement
for the west –
1869 transcontinental = east & west coast
Major settlement
for the west –
1869 transcontinental = east & west coast
A. GrowthA. Growth
B. GoalsB. Goals
New towns & communities New markets Economic opportunities
Link trade and interdependence
New towns & communities New markets Economic opportunities
Link trade and interdependence
III. Big BusinessIII. Big BusinessIII. Big BusinessIII. Big Business
Andrew Carnegie – Steel Billionaire Andrew Carnegie – Steel Billionaire Andrew Carnegie – Steel Billionaire Andrew Carnegie – Steel Billionaire
A. Monopolistic Business PracticesA. Monopolistic Business PracticesA. Monopolistic Business PracticesA. Monopolistic Business Practices
Vertical IntegrationVertical Integration - - bought out bought out all the all the suppliessupplies to control to control raw materialsraw materials
Horizontal IntegrationHorizontal Integration bought out bought out all all companiescompanies that that made same productmade same product
Vertical IntegrationVertical Integration - - bought out bought out all the all the suppliessupplies to control to control raw materialsraw materials
Horizontal IntegrationHorizontal Integration bought out bought out all all companiescompanies that that made same productmade same product
John D. Rockefeller - BillionaireJohn D. Rockefeller - BillionaireJohn D. Rockefeller - BillionaireJohn D. Rockefeller - BillionaireStandard Oil Company of Ohio – Trust
1870 2% by 1880 90%
Out manipulated his competition
Standard Oil Company of Ohio – Trust
1870 2% by 1880 90%
Out manipulated his competition
B. B. Social DarwinismSocial DarwinismB. B. Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism
Justified laissez-faire “Hands off, Justified laissez-faire “Hands off, allowed to do” business practiceallowed to do” business practice
““SurvivalSurvival of the fittest in the business of the fittest in the business world”world”
Paid low wages, dangerous conditions,Paid low wages, dangerous conditions,Long hoursLong hours
Justified laissez-faire “Hands off, Justified laissez-faire “Hands off, allowed to do” business practiceallowed to do” business practice
““SurvivalSurvival of the fittest in the business of the fittest in the business world”world”
Paid low wages, dangerous conditions,Paid low wages, dangerous conditions,Long hoursLong hours
IV. Labor UnionsIV. Labor Unions
Created for
Better Pay
Shorter Hours
Safer Conditions
Created for
Better Pay
Shorter Hours
Safer Conditions
MaryMary Harris “Mother” Jones - coal & children – Harris “Mother” Jones - coal & children – 80 million children march, 190380 million children march, 1903
MaryMary Harris “Mother” Jones - coal & children – Harris “Mother” Jones - coal & children – 80 million children march, 190380 million children march, 1903
A. Organizations – Select 3A. Organizations – Select 3
o NLU – (1866) National Labor Union
o CNLU – (1869) Colored National Labor
o KOL – (1869) – Knights of Labor –– accepted everyone
o AFL – American Federation of Labor
o ARU – American Railway Union
o IWW – Industrial Workers of the World
o UMW – United Mine Workers
o NLU – (1866) National Labor Union
o CNLU – (1869) Colored National Labor
o KOL – (1869) – Knights of Labor –– accepted everyone
o AFL – American Federation of Labor
o ARU – American Railway Union
o IWW – Industrial Workers of the World
o UMW – United Mine Workers
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