Ch 3 Biochemistry
Feb 15, 2016
Ch 3 Biochemistry
Sec. 1: Carbon CompoundsOrganic molecules: made primarily
of carbon atoms Inorganic molecules: not made of
carbon (few exceptions)
Carbon
Carbon is a very useful element because:
1. It can form up to 4 bonds
2. Can bond to itself
3. Allows carbon to form many shapes
Functional groups
Functional groups: groups of atoms that influence the characteristics of the molecules they compose
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Large Carbon Molecules
Many carbon molecules are built from smaller, simpler molecules called Monomers
Polymer: molecules consisting of repeating, linked monomers
Macromolecules: large polymers
4 major macromolecules
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
Condensation reactionsCondensation
reactions: reactions that link monomers together to make polymers
Why condensation? What is condensation?
Water produced during condensation reactions
Hydrolysis reaction
Reactions that break polymers down to monomers
Water is used Hydro- water Lysis- break down
Energy currency Life processes
require constant supplies of energy
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): main energy containg molecule for living things
Energy comes from bonds between phosphate groups
Molecules of life
Carbohydrates: organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Sugars Why are sugars useful?
Main energy molecule for living things
Monomer: Monosaccharide Glucose Fructose Galactose
Isomers: same formulas, but different orientations
Polymers of Carbohydrates Disaccharides: ? Polysaccharides: ?
Glycogen (animal sugar storage) Starch (plants) cellulose
Proteins
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogenMonomer: amino acid Write examples of amino acids (See
p 56-57)Dipeptide: ?Polypeptide:? Shape influenced by temp and
solventsEnzymes: proteins that act as
biological catalysts (?)
Enzymes Reactions depend on physical fit b/w
enzyme and its specific substrateSubstrate: reactant being catalyzedActive site: fold on enzyme that fits
together with substrate
Lipids
Large, nonpolar molecules
Do not dissolve in water
Phospholipids, steroids, waxes, pigments
Long hydrocarbon chains
Lipids worksheet
Nucleic acids
Store and transfer important information Two types
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Monomer: nucleotide 3 parts
Phosphate group 5-carbon sugar Nitrogenous base
Draw a nucleotide