Ch. 26 Sect. 1 Origins Of The Cold War Objectives: 1. Explain why 1945 was a critical year in international relations and how it was followed by con>licting postwar goals. 2. Describe how the Soviet Union tightened its control over Eastern Europe. 3. Identify the iron curtain and how it led to containment policy and the Truman Doctrine. Main Idea: At the end of WWII, con>licting goals for Europe led to growing hostility between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
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Ch.26Sect.1OriginsOfTheColdWar
Objectives:1. Explainwhy1945wasacriticalyearininternationalrelations
andhowitwasfollowedbycon>lictingpostwargoals.2. DescribehowtheSovietUniontighteneditscontrolover
EasternEurope.3. Identifytheironcurtainandhowitledtocontainmentpolicy
andtheTrumanDoctrine.MainIdea:AttheendofWWII,con>lictinggoalsforEuropeledtogrowing
hostilitybetweentheU.S.andtheSovietUnion.
TensionBetweenU.S.&SovietUnion• TensionbetweentheU.S.andSovietUnionwillincreaseafterWorldWarII.Thetensionwilllastover40yearsandwillbeknownastheColdWar.
• SeveralissuesledtotheColdWar:theU.S.didnotrecognizetheSovietUnionuntil1933,theU.S.didn’tlikethenonaggressionpactbetweenGermanyandtheSovietUnionin1939,whenHitlerbrokethepactin1941,webecameAllieswiththeSoviets,theSovietswereupsetthatittooktheU.S.twoyearstoinvadeFrance,whiletheysufferedheavycasualties>ightingGermanybythemselves,theU.S.didn’tnottelltheSovietsabouttheatomicbombprojectuntilitwas>inishedin1945,bothsidesarguedaboutwhattodowithGermanyandEasternEuropeafterWorldWarII.
Churchill,Truman,&Stalin
DifferentPostwarGoals
• AfterWorldWarII,theU.S.wantedtospreadliberty,equality,arepresentativegovernment,andopenmarketstoworldtrade.
• TheSovietswantedtheirneighborstousecommunismtoprotectthem(buffer)formanotherGermanyinvasion(alsodividedGermany).TheSovietslost20millionpeopleandhadthemostrebuildingtodoafterWorldWarIIanddidn’twanttofacethisproblemagain.
TheColdWarBegins TheColdWarbeginswithaclashoverPoland.TheU.S.wantedPolandtohavesomerepresentativessupportiveoftheWest.
TheSovietswantedPolandtohaveacommunistgovernmentloyaltothem,becausePolandisontheSovietwesternborder.
TheU.S.andSovietUnioncalledeachotherTotalitarianstates.Governmentsthatcoulddowhatevertheywishedandsuppressedtherightsoftheircitizens.
ColdWarCartoon
TheIronCurtain&UnitedNations
• In1946,StalingaveaspeechsayingthattheSovietsstrengthenitsmilitarytoensureitssurvivalagainstthewest(developtheiratomicbombin1949).
• Inthesameyear,WinstonChurchillsaidthatanironcurtainhadformedoverEasternEuropeandthatEnglishspeakingcountriesneededtoworktogethertopreventanymorecountriesfromfallingunderSovietcontrol.
• TheLeagueofNationsfailedtopreventWorldWarII,soanewinternationalorganizationwascreatedcalledtheUnitedNations.TheU.N.wascreatedby50nations,with11countriescreatingtheSecurityCouncil,with5ofthosebeingpermanentmemberswithvetopower(U.S.,SovietUnion,GreatBritain,France,andChina).
Containment&TrumanDoctrine
SincetheU.S.couldnotcontroltheSovietUnionthroughtheU.N.,theyadoptedaforeignpolicycalledContainment.TheforeignpolicyoftheU.S.forthenext40yearswouldbetopreventthespreadofcommunismandnotallowingtheSovietUniontoincreasetheirworldpower.
PresidentTrumantoldCongressthattheU.S.shouldsupportanycountryresistingamilitarytakeoverbyothercountrycalledtheTrumanDoctrine.TheTrumanDoctrineandContainmentwere>irstusedinGreeceandTurkey.
TrumanDoctrineCartoon
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