CH 23 Section 3 Social Sciences in the Industrial Age.

CH 23 Section 3CH 23 Section 3

Social Sciences in the Social Sciences in the Industrial AgeIndustrial Age

Rise of the Social ScienceRise of the Social Science

In the 1800s interest in In the 1800s interest in Social SciencesSocial Sciences, , those branches of knowledge that scientifically those branches of knowledge that scientifically study people as members of society, grewstudy people as members of society, grew

Social Sciences cover economics, history, Social Sciences cover economics, history, political institutions and human relationspolitical institutions and human relations

The idea of treating these subjects like The idea of treating these subjects like sciences was new in the 1800’s sciences was new in the 1800’s

The study of politics dates back to Greek The study of politics dates back to Greek philosophers, but became more scientific in philosophers, but became more scientific in the 1800’sthe 1800’s

Economists began to follow the practices of Economists began to follow the practices of scientists by collecting and arranging scientists by collecting and arranging statistics in order to test their theoriesstatistics in order to test their theories

Historians began to base their writings on Historians began to base their writings on original materials and careful organization of original materials and careful organization of facts facts

ContinuedContinued Historians that were Historians that were

influenced by nationalism influenced by nationalism began to write the began to write the accomplishments of their accomplishments of their own native countriesown native countries

They began a massive They began a massive search fir evidence of the search fir evidence of the past in diaries, letters and past in diaries, letters and other written sourcesother written sources

Influenced by Voltaire Influenced by Voltaire historians stopped historians stopped focusing as much on wars focusing as much on wars and great leaders and and great leaders and more on how people livedmore on how people lived

ArchaeologyArchaeology ArchaeologyArchaeology is the study of human is the study of human

culture through the artifacts people culture through the artifacts people leave behindleave behind

It became a separate field of study It became a separate field of study in the mid 1800’sin the mid 1800’s

This is when scientists began to This is when scientists began to learn how old the Earth was and learn how old the Earth was and how long people had been living on how long people had been living on itit

Through Archaeology They found Through Archaeology They found cave paintings in Spain and cave paintings in Spain and France… France…

They began to uncover the remains They began to uncover the remains of the Egyptian, Sumerians and of the Egyptian, Sumerians and Assyrian cultures…Assyrian cultures…

They were also able to determine They were also able to determine sequence of events in ancient cities sequence of events in ancient cities like Troy which was once thought like Troy which was once thought only to exist in books only to exist in books

AnthropologyAnthropology AnthropologyAnthropology is the study of different societies both past is the study of different societies both past

and presentand present In the 1800’sthey began to study the similarities in the In the 1800’sthey began to study the similarities in the

attitudes of human societies and the ways people relate to attitudes of human societies and the ways people relate to one anotherone another

Authors were trying to link different societies studying Authors were trying to link different societies studying their differences and similaritiestheir differences and similarities

SociologySociology is the study of Human relationships in a society is the study of Human relationships in a society It was believed that society, like nature, operated by It was believed that society, like nature, operated by

certain lawscertain laws This meant that they could follow scientific methods by This meant that they could follow scientific methods by

using objective facts, not personal interpretationsusing objective facts, not personal interpretations Herbert Spencer used the idea of natural selection to Herbert Spencer used the idea of natural selection to

explain Human Societies and coined the term Survival of explain Human Societies and coined the term Survival of the Fittest and his theory became known as the Fittest and his theory became known as Social Social DarwinismDarwinism

This is the idea that the strong thrive and the weak just get This is the idea that the strong thrive and the weak just get byby

PsychologyPsychology PsychologyPsychology is the study the mind and Human behavior is the study the mind and Human behavior Influenced by Darwin, some Psychologists studied Influenced by Darwin, some Psychologists studied

animal behavior and applied the results to humansanimal behavior and applied the results to humans Ivan PavlovIvan Pavlov discovered the condition reflex discovered the condition reflex This means that some behavior is automatic, by This means that some behavior is automatic, by

experimenting with dogs, food, and bells Pavlov made experimenting with dogs, food, and bells Pavlov made the dogs salivate every time they heard a bell ring the dogs salivate every time they heard a bell ring (what do you do in school when a bell rings? Do you (what do you do in school when a bell rings? Do you think about it first?)think about it first?)

Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud introduced the idea of the introduced the idea of the unconscious as a determining factor in human unconscious as a determining factor in human behaviorbehavior

He found that the subconscious determines behavior He found that the subconscious determines behavior based on past experience you might be afraid of based on past experience you might be afraid of spiders due to an early experience you don’t rememberspiders due to an early experience you don’t remember

Freud founded modern psychiatry, the study and Freud founded modern psychiatry, the study and treatment of mental illnesstreatment of mental illness

PavlovPavlov FreudFreud

Review QuestionsReview Questions No Review because there were no No Review because there were no

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