Ch 20: Kingdom Protista Very diverse group Catch all - membership is determined mainly by exclusion from the other kingdoms
Ch 20: Kingdom Protista
Very diverse groupCatch all - membership is
determined mainly by exclusion from the other
kingdoms
Eukaryotes
all Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungus
Mostly single celled, some multicelled, some colonial
Classified by the way they obtain nutrition
Autotrophic or Heterotrophic
Animal LikePlant LikeFungus Like
Autotrophic or Heterotrophic
Plant Like - AutrotrophsFungus Like - Heterotrophs
–obtain food by external digestion (decomposers or parasites)
Animal Like Protists
ProtozoansHeterotrophs4 Phyla divided by the way
they move
Zooflagellates
UnicellularSwim using flagella (1 or 2)Absorb food through cell membranesMost Reproduce asexually (Binary
Fission)
Zooflagellates
Include several parasites that cause human diseases
Examples: Giardia
SarcodinesUnicellularMove with Pseudopods
–temporary projections of cytoplasmFood vacuoles, EndocytosisReproduce asexually (BF)
Sarcodines
Examples: –Amoeba (A. Dysentery)–Foraminiferans & Radiolarians (calcium carbonate)
–Heliozoans (silica)
Amoeba
CiliatesUnicellularMove & feed with cilia Free living - not parasiticReproduce by conjugation (sexual - pg 500)Most numerous and diverse group
Ciliates
Example: Paramecium(Anatomy page 499)
Paramecium
Sporozoans UnicellularDo not move on their ownAll parasiticReproduce by means of sporozites -
sexual and asexual phases (pg 501)
Sporozoans
Example: Malaria –Plasmodium vivax
Plant Like Protists
7major phylas
Unicellular & Multicellular Algae
Plant Like Protists
Unicellular Algae4 major phylas
Base of the food chain(phytoplankton - Algae &
Protozoan)
EuglenophytesPlant like - has chloroplast, AutotrophicAnimal like - has 2 flagella, no cell walls
(pellicle), eye spot (reacts to light), can be heterotrophic in low light
Reproduces by BF
Euglenophytes
Euglena: page 506
DinoflagellatesHalf are photosynthetic, half are
heterotrophicHave 2 flagellaReproduce by BFMany are luminescent (fire plants - red tide)
ChrysophytesYellow-green & Golden brown algaeGold colored ChloroplastsCell walls with pectinStore food as oil rather than starch
Diatoms
Cell walls with siliconFit together like a petri dishRemains of the cell are used in
abrasives (diatomaceous earth)
Plant Like Protists
Multicellular Algae3 major phylas
Classified by pigments
Red AlgaeReddish accessory pigments Can live deeper in the ocean
than most other AlgaeComplex life cyclesExample: Irish Moss
Brown AlgaeBrown accessory pigmentsLargest, most complex algaeHave some specialized parts (Air
Bladders, Blades, Hold Fasts, Stipes)Example: Giant Kelp
Green Algae
Phylum ChlorophytaCellulose in cell wallsSome are UnicellularLive in both fresh water and salt water
Green AlgaeExample:
–Volvox–Spirogyra (colonial)–Sea lettuce (multicellular)
Fungus Like ProtistsHeterotrophicAbsorb nutrients from dead or decaying
organic matter2 groups
Slime MoldsHave a 3 stage life cycleShiny wet appearance, texture like gelatinExamples: Red Raspberry & Scrambled
Egg Slime Mold
Water MoldOomycotaThrive on dead or decaying organic material in waterAre plant parasites on landProduce Hyphae and zoosporangia
Water Mold
Life Cycle page 519Example:
–Phytophthora infestans (potato famine)
Diseases caused by AlgaeAfrican Sleeping SicknessGiardiaAmoebic DysenteryMalaria
Human Uses for AlgaeSeaweed, agar, alginThickeners for ice cream & salad
dressingplastics, waxes, deodorant