Ch. 16-Sec. 1 RUSSIA’S HUMAN GEOGRPAHY!. History of Expansion In the early 1500s Ivan the Great, prince of Moscow put an end to the Mongols rule. By the.

Ch. 16-Sec. 1RUSSIA’S HUMAN GEOGRPAHY!

History of Expansion

• In the early 1500s Ivan the Great, prince of Moscow put an end to the Mongols rule.

• By the end of the 1600s, Russia’s empire reached the Pacific Ocean!

• Russia was behind in science and technology compared to its Western European rivals.

• Peter the Great, czar (emperor) of Russia from 1682-1725 changed this.

• He moved Russia’s capital from Moscow to a city on the Baltic Sea, naming it

St. Petersburg.• St. Petersburg was seen as

their “window to the West.”

Russian Revolution• WWI had caused Russia and

Germany to fight against one another, which had caused people in Russia to start suffering from hunger.

• The czar refused to fix the people’s starvation, thus the people of Russia exploded in revolt!

• 1917, the Russian Revolution occurred, ending rule of all czars.

Rise of The Soviet Union

• After the Russian Revolution, Lenin, head of the Communist Party, saw an opportunity to take control of Russia.

• 1922, the new nation was now known as the USSR, or the Soviet Union for short.

• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

• Lenin was the first leader of the Soviet Union.

(vid)

Lenin Transforms The Army• Lenin decided the old Russian Army needed to

be transformed into an instrument of the Communist Party.

• This new army became known as the Red Army.

• Definition: Soviet Union military.

The Economy Under The Soviets• In order to move their society towards communism, Lenin had

soviet leaders adopt a command economy. • Defintion: Central government makes ALL economic

decisions. • The soviets also created collective farms (slave labor camps).• Definition: Large teams of laborers were gathered to work

together on farms.

Stalin Takes Over..• 1929, Stalin became

the new leader of The Soviet Union.

• He lead The Soviet Union in fighting against Hitler’s Nazi party during WWII.

• Stalin ruled under HARSH terms. If his citizens didn’t obey his rule, they were killed.

Stalin Controls The Arts!• Stalin made sure

artists only did work that glorified him and the Soviet Union.

• This style of art became known as social realism.

• Definition: Art style that promoted Soviet power.

• Artists would become depressed and commit suicide.

The Cold War

• 1945, Stalin installed Soviet governments in Eastern Germany.

• The United States was afraid that Stalin would spread communism throughout the entire world!

• By the late 1940s, tension had grown between the United States and the Soviets, which became known as The Cold War.

• Titled the Cold War because it never grew into open warfare.

The Fall of The Soviet Union

• During the 1980s, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev started to give more economic and political freedom to Soviet people.

• This eventually led to the fall of the Communist government and the Soviet Union in 1991, ending the Cold War.

Russia Today• Since the fall of the Soviet

Union in 1991, leaders have tried to reduce the state’s power on the economy and return some of this power to private businesses.

• Corruption and crime threaten to destabilize Russian’s economy and society.

Quiz Time

• 1. In the early 1500s, Ivan The Great put an end to what?

• 2. What did Peter The Great move in order to help modernize Russia?

• 3. What was the cause for the Russian Revolution?• 4. After the Russian Revolution, who took control of

Russia? • 5. In 1939, who became Russia’s new leader and is

known for killing citizens if they did not obey to his rules?

Ch. 16-Sec.2 Transcaucasia

Gateway of Migration

• For a long time, people have used Transcaucasia as a migration route, especially as a crossing path between Europe and Asia.

• Arab geographers called the region Jabal Al-Alsun, or the “Mountain of Language.”

• Why would they call this region the mountain of language??????????

Migration Brings Religion

• Most of the region’s people practice either Christian or the Islamic faith.

• These faiths arrived at this region at an early date because they are close to the holy lands (where the two religions started).

• Georgia and Armenia are among the oldest Christian states in the world.

Agriculture and Industry

• Humid subtropical lowlands and foothills of the region are perfect for growing crops such as tea and fruits, grapes being the most popular.

• People in Georgia use the grapes to make famous wines.

• The Soviets transformed Transcaucasia from a largely agricultural area to an industrial and urban area.

• Today, the oil industry is important in this region.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VS2ECN0luAw georgia

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKpr6vJ7jqQ Azerbaijan

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jkzapt3Sh9w Armenia

Crossraods• Central Asia consists of five repunblics:

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan

Silk Road• Since about 100 B.C., travelers would journey

between China and the Mediterranean Sea. • This was known as the silk road.• Traders carried silk, gold, silver, ivory, jade, wine,

spices, linen, porcelain, grapes, perfumes, etc.

The Great Game

• During the 19th century, the Russian Empire and the Great Britain Empire had a huge interest in controlling the region of Central Asia.

• Known as the Great Game.

• By the end of the 1800s, Russia had won control of Central Asia until 1991.

Nuclear Testing• When the soviets (Russia) were in

control of Central Asia, they used Semey, a city in Kazakhstan as a nuclear test site.

• 1949-1989

• Testing caused widespread health problems.

• People are still feeling the harmful effects to this day.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrTGloWEIAA

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEuuTbjvOXU&list=PL20C4103AC732C6FE

Quiz Time!(Transcaucasia & Central Asia)

• 1. Transcaucasia is considered a crossing path between what two continents?

• 2. Which two religions do people practice here? • 3. Which are the two oldest Christian states in the world? • 4. People in Georgia use grapes to make what?• 5. Today, what industry is important in the Transcaucasia

region? • 6. What five republics make up Central Asia? • 7. Since about 100 b.c., travelers have been using trade

route. What is the name?• 8. What was the Great Game?• 9. The Soviets used Semey (a city in Kazakhstan) for what?• 10. People in Semey are still experiencing what? And why?

Ch. 17Sec. 1 & 2

Regional Conflict

Conflict in The 1990s..• Chechnya, one of Russia’s

republics, has experienced the worst violence.

• Russia first invaded Chechnya in 1994 and Russian troops became in control of more than two-thirds of the republics territory.

• Unable to fight off the Chechnya rebels, Russia entered a peace agreement with Chechnya in 1996.

Russia Invades Chechnya Again!

• Chechen terrorists bombed Moscow and other Russian cities, causing Russia to invade Chechnya in 1999.

• Invasion continued into 2001.

Russian Mafia• As the economy tries

to improve in Russia, it faces a powerful enemy, known as the Russian Mafia.

• Russian mafias are criminal organizations that grew fast in the 1990s.

• By 1998, the government reported the Russian Mafia controlled 40 percent of private companies.

What scares the U.S. today????

• After the collapse of the soviet union government, the fact that there is still nuclear material FRIGHTENS THE U.S.!

• Why?

Quiz Time!Ch.17

• 1. Which republic of Russia has experienced the worst violence?

• 2. What year did Russia first invade Chechnya? • 3. Why did Russia invade Chechnya again in

1999?• 4. What powerful enemy does Russia’s

economy face?• 5. By 1998, the government had reported

what?

Why do YOU think it says “Russian economy” in graffiti? What is this political cartoon trying to tell us? (5-6 sentences)