CH. 12 - THE NEW DEAL. Launching the New Deal Section 1 The Main Idea In 1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt became president of a suffering nation. He quickly.

CH. 12 - THE NEW DEALCH. 12 - THE NEW DEAL

Launching the New DealSection 1

Launching the New DealSection 1

The Main IdeaThe Main Idea

In 1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt became president of a In 1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt became president of a suffering nation. He quickly sought to address the country’s suffering nation. He quickly sought to address the country’s

needs, with mixed results.needs, with mixed results.

The Main IdeaThe Main Idea

In 1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt became president of a In 1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt became president of a suffering nation. He quickly sought to address the country’s suffering nation. He quickly sought to address the country’s

needs, with mixed results.needs, with mixed results.

11.6.211.6.411.8.5

The Election of 1932The Election of 1932

Americans blamed President Hoover for Americans blamed President Hoover for

the country’s economic woes.the country’s economic woes.

FDR FDR won the Democratic nomination. won the Democratic nomination.

He was related to Theodore Roosevelt.He was related to Theodore Roosevelt.

He was governor of New York.He was governor of New York.

He related to the common folkHe related to the common folk

Roosevelt’s platform – relief, public programs = jobs, Roosevelt’s platform – relief, public programs = jobs, attacked Hoover for the cause of Great Depression.attacked Hoover for the cause of Great Depression.

Landslide Victory 57% of popular voteLandslide Victory 57% of popular vote

Americans blamed President Hoover for Americans blamed President Hoover for

the country’s economic woes.the country’s economic woes.

FDR FDR won the Democratic nomination. won the Democratic nomination.

He was related to Theodore Roosevelt.He was related to Theodore Roosevelt.

He was governor of New York.He was governor of New York.

He related to the common folkHe related to the common folk

Roosevelt’s platform – relief, public programs = jobs, Roosevelt’s platform – relief, public programs = jobs, attacked Hoover for the cause of Great Depression.attacked Hoover for the cause of Great Depression.

Landslide Victory 57% of popular voteLandslide Victory 57% of popular vote

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FDRFDR Appealing blend of Appealing blend of

cheerfulness, optimism, cheerfulness, optimism, and confidenceand confidence

An effective An effective communicator (ex. communicator (ex. fireside chats)fireside chats)

A reform-minded A reform-minded DemocratDemocrat

Believed the Believed the government could solve government could solve economic and social economic and social problemsproblems

He survived polio.He survived polio.

Appealing blend of Appealing blend of cheerfulness, optimism, cheerfulness, optimism, and confidenceand confidence

An effective An effective communicator (ex. communicator (ex. fireside chats)fireside chats)

A reform-minded A reform-minded DemocratDemocrat

Believed the Believed the government could solve government could solve economic and social economic and social problemsproblems

He survived polio.He survived polio.



Eleanor RooseveltEleanor Roosevelt ““Eyes and ears” of her Eyes and ears” of her

husbandhusband Directed efforts to solve Directed efforts to solve

several major social several major social issues (ex. lynching of issues (ex. lynching of African Americans)African Americans)

Wrote her own Wrote her own newspaper columnnewspaper column

Had the trust and Had the trust and affection of many affection of many AmericansAmericans

““Eyes and ears” of her Eyes and ears” of her husbandhusband

Directed efforts to solve Directed efforts to solve several major social several major social issues (ex. lynching of issues (ex. lynching of African Americans)African Americans)

Wrote her own Wrote her own newspaper columnnewspaper column

Had the trust and Had the trust and affection of many affection of many AmericansAmericans







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FDR The PresidentFDR The PresidentThe First 100 Days

• Closed Banks –Used Federal reserve money to stabilize banks

• Passed Emergency Banking Act

• Glass-Stegall Act = FDIC

• Pushed Congress to Pass New Deal – Relief, Recovery, and Reform

• Passed legislation which created programs that put people to work: CWA, NRA

The First 100 Days

• Closed Banks –Used Federal reserve money to stabilize banks

• Passed Emergency Banking Act

• Glass-Stegall Act = FDIC

• Pushed Congress to Pass New Deal – Relief, Recovery, and Reform

• Passed legislation which created programs that put people to work: CWA, NRA

The New DealThe New Deal Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA)Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA)

Helped farmers by paying them not to grow cropsHelped farmers by paying them not to grow crops

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) Helped business by requiring that businesses in the same industry Helped business by requiring that businesses in the same industry

cooperate with each other to set prices and outputcooperate with each other to set prices and output Labor received federal protection for the right to organize.Labor received federal protection for the right to organize.

Federal Securities Act Federal Securities Act Helped investors, restored confidence in the marketsHelped investors, restored confidence in the markets

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulated the stock marketRegulated the stock market

Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA)Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA) Helped farmers by paying them not to grow cropsHelped farmers by paying them not to grow crops

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) Helped business by requiring that businesses in the same industry Helped business by requiring that businesses in the same industry

cooperate with each other to set prices and outputcooperate with each other to set prices and output Labor received federal protection for the right to organize.Labor received federal protection for the right to organize.

Federal Securities Act Federal Securities Act Helped investors, restored confidence in the marketsHelped investors, restored confidence in the markets

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulated the stock marketRegulated the stock market

CCCCCCCivilian Conservation Civilian Conservation

CorpsCorps

Helped unemployed young Helped unemployed young men 18 to 25 years oldmen 18 to 25 years old

Built National ParksBuilt National Parks

Civilian Conservation Civilian Conservation CorpsCorps

Helped unemployed young Helped unemployed young men 18 to 25 years oldmen 18 to 25 years old

Built National ParksBuilt National Parks







TVATVATennessee Valley AuthorityTennessee Valley Authority

Helped build dams and other projects along the Tennessee Helped build dams and other projects along the Tennessee River and its tributariesRiver and its tributaries

Tennessee Valley AuthorityTennessee Valley Authority

Helped build dams and other projects along the Tennessee Helped build dams and other projects along the Tennessee River and its tributariesRiver and its tributaries





PWA CWAPWA CWAPublic Works Public Works AdministrationAdministration

Built roads and bridgesBuilt roads and bridges

Public Works Public Works AdministrationAdministration

Built roads and bridgesBuilt roads and bridges



Civil WorksCivil WorksAdministrationAdministration

Built airports, roads, and Built airports, roads, and schoolsschools

Civil WorksCivil WorksAdministrationAdministration

Built airports, roads, and Built airports, roads, and schoolsschools



Trouble for the New DealTrouble for the New DealRadical Reactions to the New Deal• Believed the New Deal did not go far enough in reforming the

economy

• Wanted a complete overhaul of capitalism

• Huey P. Long, Father Charles Coughlin, Dr. Francis Townsend

• American Liberty League- New deal was radical and would lead to America’s destruction

Radical Reactions to the New Deal• Believed the New Deal did not go far enough in reforming the

economy

• Wanted a complete overhaul of capitalism

• Huey P. Long, Father Charles Coughlin, Dr. Francis Townsend

• American Liberty League- New deal was radical and would lead to America’s destruction

The Second New DealSection 2

The Second New DealSection 2

The Main Idea

A new wave of government initiatives starting in 1935 resulted in some strong successes and

stunning defeats for President Roosevelt.

The Main Idea

A new wave of government initiatives starting in 1935 resulted in some strong successes and

stunning defeats for President Roosevelt.

11.6.211.6.411.8.5

The Second Hundred DaysThe Second Hundred Days

• Emergency Relief Appropriations Act – stopped direct payments to Americans in need

• Works Progress Administration (WPA) – largest peacetime jobs program in U.S. history

Second Hundred

Days

• Spring 1935

• Congress passed laws extending government oversight of the banking industry and raised taxes on the wealthy.

• Congress funded new relief programs.

EmergencyRelief

• Provided guaranteed, regular payments for many people 65 and older

• Included a system of unemployment insurance

Social Security

The New Deal Revives Organized LaborThe New Deal Revives Organized Labor

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) guaranteed workers the right to National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) guaranteed workers the right to form unions and bargain collectively.form unions and bargain collectively.

Roosevelt backed the Wagner Act, or the National Labor Relations Act Roosevelt backed the Wagner Act, or the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).(NLRA).

Outlawed a number of anti-labor practices,Outlawed a number of anti-labor practices,

The The Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) was born in 1935. was born in 1935. John L. LewisJohn L. Lewis led this group to break away from the American led this group to break away from the American

Federation of Labor (AFL).Federation of Labor (AFL). The United Auto Workers (a division of the CIO) launched a The United Auto Workers (a division of the CIO) launched a

successful successful sit-down strikesit-down strike in 1936. in 1936.

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) guaranteed workers the right to National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) guaranteed workers the right to form unions and bargain collectively.form unions and bargain collectively.

Roosevelt backed the Wagner Act, or the National Labor Relations Act Roosevelt backed the Wagner Act, or the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).(NLRA).

Outlawed a number of anti-labor practices,Outlawed a number of anti-labor practices,

The The Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) was born in 1935. was born in 1935. John L. LewisJohn L. Lewis led this group to break away from the American led this group to break away from the American

Federation of Labor (AFL).Federation of Labor (AFL). The United Auto Workers (a division of the CIO) launched a The United Auto Workers (a division of the CIO) launched a

successful successful sit-down strikesit-down strike in 1936. in 1936.

The Election of 1936The Election of 1936

Roosevelt

•Showcased his achievements:

•Spoke out against big business

Opposition

•Republicans – New Deal too bureaucratic

•No Serious Candidate – Alf London

Result

•FDR wins Big again

•Democrats gain more seats in both houses

The Court-Packing PlanThe Court-Packing PlanRoosevelt’s PlanRoosevelt’s Plan Expand the Supreme Court by up to six judgesExpand the Supreme Court by up to six judges Appoint many new judgesAppoint many new judges FDR argued that changes were needed to make the FDR argued that changes were needed to make the

courts more efficient.courts more efficient. effort to “pack” the court with friendly justices.effort to “pack” the court with friendly justices.

The ResultThe Result Plan did not passPlan did not pass Crushing defeat for FDRCrushing defeat for FDR

Roosevelt’s PlanRoosevelt’s Plan Expand the Supreme Court by up to six judgesExpand the Supreme Court by up to six judges Appoint many new judgesAppoint many new judges FDR argued that changes were needed to make the FDR argued that changes were needed to make the

courts more efficient.courts more efficient. effort to “pack” the court with friendly justices.effort to “pack” the court with friendly justices.

The ResultThe Result Plan did not passPlan did not pass Crushing defeat for FDRCrushing defeat for FDR

The Nation’s Economy

• 1937 – Economy takes a downturn due to market crash

• 2 million lose jobs

• FDR looked to cut government spending in fear of huge deficit.

• British economist John Maynard Keynes argued that deficit spending could provide jobs and stimulate the economy.

• The economy did begin to rebound in the summer of 1938

Economic Downturn of 1937Economic Downturn of 1937

Life during the New DealSection 3

Life during the New DealSection 3

The Main Idea

The Great Depression and the New Deal had a deep impact on American culture during the 1930s.

The Main Idea

The Great Depression and the New Deal had a deep impact on American culture during the 1930s.

11.6.311.10.7

New Roles for WomenNew Roles for Women

Frances Perkins – Frances Perkins – Secretary of Labor – was Secretary of Labor – was the first woman to head an the first woman to head an executive office.executive office.

Still, women faced Still, women faced challenges and challenges and discrimination.discrimination. Lower wagesLower wages Less opportunitiesLess opportunities Hostility in the workplaceHostility in the workplace

Frances Perkins – Frances Perkins – Secretary of Labor – was Secretary of Labor – was the first woman to head an the first woman to head an executive office.executive office.

Still, women faced Still, women faced challenges and challenges and discrimination.discrimination. Lower wagesLower wages Less opportunitiesLess opportunities Hostility in the workplaceHostility in the workplace

New Roles for African AmericansNew Roles for African Americans

Roosevelt’s administration also appointed many Roosevelt’s administration also appointed many African Americans.African Americans.

William Hastie became the first black federal judge.William Hastie became the first black federal judge.

The Black Cabinet met under the leadership of The Black Cabinet met under the leadership of Mary McLeod BethuneMary McLeod Bethune, director of Negro Affairs , director of Negro Affairs in the National Youth Administration.in the National Youth Administration.

Severe discrimination Severe discrimination

Many African American switch from the Republican Many African American switch from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party during the 1930s.Party to the Democratic Party during the 1930s.

Roosevelt’s administration also appointed many Roosevelt’s administration also appointed many African Americans.African Americans.

William Hastie became the first black federal judge.William Hastie became the first black federal judge.

The Black Cabinet met under the leadership of The Black Cabinet met under the leadership of Mary McLeod BethuneMary McLeod Bethune, director of Negro Affairs , director of Negro Affairs in the National Youth Administration.in the National Youth Administration.

Severe discrimination Severe discrimination

Many African American switch from the Republican Many African American switch from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party during the 1930s.Party to the Democratic Party during the 1930s.





Art of the Great DepressionArt of the Great Depression

Painters and sculptors fashioned works depicting the struggles of the working class.Painters and sculptors fashioned works depicting the struggles of the working class. Authors and playwrights focused on the plight of the rural and urban poor.Authors and playwrights focused on the plight of the rural and urban poor.

Writer John Steinbeck’s Writer John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of WrathThe Grapes of Wrath Songwriter Woody Guthrie celebrated the lives of ordinary people.Songwriter Woody Guthrie celebrated the lives of ordinary people. Writer James Agee’s Writer James Agee’s Let Us Now Praise Famous MenLet Us Now Praise Famous Men

Painters and sculptors fashioned works depicting the struggles of the working class.Painters and sculptors fashioned works depicting the struggles of the working class. Authors and playwrights focused on the plight of the rural and urban poor.Authors and playwrights focused on the plight of the rural and urban poor.

Writer John Steinbeck’s Writer John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of WrathThe Grapes of Wrath Songwriter Woody Guthrie celebrated the lives of ordinary people.Songwriter Woody Guthrie celebrated the lives of ordinary people. Writer James Agee’s Writer James Agee’s Let Us Now Praise Famous MenLet Us Now Praise Famous Men

Dorothea LangeDorothea LangeCelebrated Photographer of the Great Depression.

She worked for the Farm Security Administration to document the plight of the poor and gain support for the New Deal programs.

In 1937 the federal government finally began to provide help to sharecroppers and tenant farmers

MoviesMovies

•Millions of viewers “escaped” the depression for a short time

•Grand musicals and comedies were popular

•Animation and color photography







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The Wizard of OzThe Wizard of Oz













Gone with the WindGone with the Wind













RadioRadio• Provided politics, religion, music,

sports, and other forms of entertainment

• Jazz music

• Action shows such as The Lone Ranger and The War of the Worlds

• Provided politics, religion, music, sports, and other forms of entertainment

• Jazz music

• Action shows such as The Lone Ranger and The War of the Worlds


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SportsSports

Greatest Female Athlete

• Babe Didrikson Zaharias

Baseball was popular

• Joe DiMaggio

Boxing was hugely popular• Joe Louis

Greatest Female Athlete

• Babe Didrikson Zaharias

Baseball was popular

• Joe DiMaggio

Boxing was hugely popular• Joe Louis





Analyzing the New DealSection 4

Analyzing the New DealSection 4

The Main Idea

The New Deal had mixed success in rescuing the economy, but it fundamentally changed Americans’ relationship with their

government.

The Main Idea

The New Deal had mixed success in rescuing the economy, but it fundamentally changed Americans’ relationship with their

government.

11.6.211.6.411.6.5

The Impact of the New DealThe Impact of the New DealRelief

• Millions of Americans enjoyed some form of help.

• Direct relief or jobs that provided a steady paycheck

• Programs such as Social Security and unemployment insurance became a fixture of government.

Relief

• Millions of Americans enjoyed some form of help.

• Direct relief or jobs that provided a steady paycheck

• Programs such as Social Security and unemployment insurance became a fixture of government.

Recovery

• Not as successful at economic recovery

• Unemployment remained high.

• Some critics argued that Roosevelt needed the support of big business.

• Other critics said that the New Deal didn’t spend enough money.

Recovery

• Not as successful at economic recovery

• Unemployment remained high.

• Some critics argued that Roosevelt needed the support of big business.

• Other critics said that the New Deal didn’t spend enough money.

Reform

•More successful and long-lasting

•FDIC restored public confidence in the nation’s banks.

• SEC restored public confidence in stock markets.

•New Deal built thousands of roadways, bridges, dams, public buildings, and works of art.

Limits of the New DealLimits of the New Deal

Relief programs gave aid to millions of people, but they were not meant to be a permanent solution to joblessness. Also, they did not provide jobs to everyone who needed one.

The level of government assistance varied by state. For example, a family needing assistance in Massachusetts might receive $60 per month, while a family in Arkansas might get $8.

New Deal programs permitted discrimination against African Americans, Hispanic Americans, women, and others.

The End of the New DealThe End of the New Deal

• Roosevelt tried to influence voters in the South during the congressional elections of 1938; however his candidates lost.

• The Republicans made gains in the both houses.

• Roosevelt lacked the congressional support he needed to pass New Deal laws.

WeakeningSupport

• Setbacks such as the court-packing fight and the 1937 economic downturn gave power to anti-New Deal senators.

• Opposition in Congress made passing New Deal legislation more difficult. Only one piece passed in 1938: the Fair Labor Standards Act (which set up a minimum wage).

1938Elections

• The New Deal ended in 1938.

• Americans turned their attention to the start of WWII.

After the New Deal

CH. 12 - THE NEW DEAL. Launching the New Deal Section 1 The Main Idea In 1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt became president of a suffering nation. He quickly.

Documents

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