Chapter 12 Chapter 12 THE PURSUIT OF PERFECTION THE PURSUIT OF PERFECTION America Past and Present Eighth Edition Divine Breen Fredrickson Williams Gross Brand Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
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Chapter 12Chapter 12THE PURSUIT OF PERFECTIONTHE PURSUIT OF PERFECTION
America Past and PresentEighth Edition
Divine Breen Fredrickson Williams Gross Brand
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as LongmanCopyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
The Rise of EvangelicalismThe Rise of Evangelicalism
� Separation of church and state gave all churches the chance to compete for converts
� Pious Protestants formed voluntary associations to combat sin, “infidelity”
The Second Great Awakening: The Second Great Awakening: The Frontier PhaseThe Frontier Phase
� Camp meetings contributed to frontier life– Provided emotional religion – Offer opportunity for social life
� Camp meeting revivals conveyed intensely personal religious message
� Camp meetings rarely led to social reform
The Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening in the Northin the North
� New England reformers led by Timothy Dwight defended Calvinism against the Enlightenment
� Nathaniel Taylor: Individuals are free agents and can overcome natural inclination to sin
� Lyman Beecher and evangelical Calvinism� Charles G. Finney
– Departed radically from Calvinist doctrine– Appeal is based in emotion not reason– Finney preached in upstate New York and stressed revival
techniques� Beecher and others disturbed by emotionalism of
Finney’s methods� Revivals led to organization of more churches
From Revivalism to ReformFrom Revivalism to Reform
� Opened the door for anyone who could gather followers… today we read about them in the history books, we call their comtemporaries…. Cults…
� Something happened in the 1980’s and 90’s where a lot of these same ideas resurfaced, but whacko leaders created these utopian communities for very different reasons…
� Utopian socialism – - Religious Communalism– Inspired by Robert Owen, Charles Fourier– New Harmony, Indiana—Owenite
� Religious utopianism– Shakers– Oneida Community – dudes were a little
out there…
A bit on Brook Farm…. A bit on Brook Farm….
� Life on Brook Farm was based on balancing labor and leisure while working together for the benefit of the greater community. Each member could choose to do whatever work they found most appealing and all were paid equally, including women. Revenue for the community came from farming and from selling hand-made products like clothing as well as through fees paid by the many visitors to Brook Farm. The main source of income was the school, which was overseen by Mrs. Ripley. A pre-school, primary school, and a college preparatory school attracted children internationally and each child was charged for their education. Adult education was also offered.
Utopian Communities Before the Utopian Communities Before the Civil WarCivil War