Ch 10 HTML and CSS Web Standards Solutions A Web Standardistas’ Approach
Ch 10HTML and CSS Web Standards SolutionsA Web Standardistas’ Approach
What exactly is the cascade ? This is how the browser resolves conflicts
of which CSS rule to apply when there is more than one CSS rule applied to the same element.
Web_page.html
The order of your CSS rules is important
The BOX model
Source: http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/box.html
Applying margins, borders and padding
Applying margins, borders and padding
Using CSS shorthand for margins, borders and padding
Using CSS shorthand for margins, borders and padding
Work clockwise from top-top-right-bottom-left
Applies to margins, borders and padding
Summarized as margin: 1, 2, 3, 4 sequence
1 -top
2 -right
3 -bottom
4 -left
Using CSS shorthand for margins, borders and padding
<div> and <span> elementsHelp to group information into logical clusters
Often referred to as Content AreasGeneric holders of informationNo inherent meaning whereas <ul> has a definite meaning
Should contain meaningful elements such as <p>, <h1>, etc
<div> - block-level<span> - inline
Controlled byid (identification) and class (classification) attributes
<div id=“content”>unique – so can only apply to
the one place<div class=“entry”>
Can be applied uniformly across many <div>
Choose the names for the identifiers carefully Have meaning Use a-z/A-Z/0-9,-_ Start with a letter and be careful as
Header is considered different from header by the browsers.
Each div in a layout can be given a: width, height, colour and position.
A one-column CSS layout
auto;
Centering text
Using Descendant or Contextual Selectors to Minimise Markup
Look for any <p> within a <div> called footer
<span class=“entry”>Can be applied uniformly across many <span>Can be located within a Block-level element
<img src="images/king_kong.jpg" width="500" height="350" alt="The mighty King Kong, a fearsome giant ape." title="King Kong contemplates scaling yet another tall building." class="portrait" />
Background images in CSS Body
Other elements can also have images in their background
Background images in CSSbody {background:url(../images/darkblueGrad2.gif) repeat-x;background-color:#01A9EA;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;//font-size:0.7em;font-size:62.5%;text-align: center; /* this centers the container in IE 5* browsers.The text is then set to the left aligned default in the #containerselector */color: #666666;}
Other elements can also have imagesin their background