Ch. 1: Properties of Matter · particular area of a subject. Importance of Physical Science ... basic properties of matter. Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space EVERYTHING

Ch. 1: Properties of Matterin Concepts & Challenges: Matter

1-1: How do scientists study matter?

Objective: Students will be able to IDENTIFY and DESCRIBE the ways scientists study matter.

Studying Matter● EVERYTHING IN THE UNIVERSE = energy OR matter

● In order to study matter, scientists must also know about energy

PHYSICAL SCIENCE: the study of matter, energy, and their interactions

PHYSICS: the study of the

interactions between matter and energy

CHEMISTRY: the study of the structure

and makeup of matter and the changes it undergoes

Check for Understanding:

What are two branches of

physical science?

Chemistry & Physics

Specialization

● People choose specific subjects to study● SPECIALIZATION: studying or working in

only one part of a subject○ Specialist : a person who studies or works in

one part of a subject

Specialized Fields in Physical Science

● Biochemistry:● Thermodynamics:● Optics:● Nuclear Physics:

study of the chemical substances occurring in living things

deals with heat and its conversion to other forms of energy

science of light and vision

study of the characteristics, behavior and structure of atomic nuclei

Check for Understanding:

What is a specialist?

A person who studies or works in one particular area of a subject

Importance of Physical Science

● Important part of everyday life!○ seatbelts ○ nuclear energy ○ other sources of energy (solar panels, wind farms, fuel cells)○ Discovery of new materials

■ Ceramic, glass, plastics○ Cable & satellites, computers, TV,○ Cars & airplanes

1-2: What are the properties of matter?

Objective: Students will be able to IDENTIFY two basic properties of matter

Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space● EVERYTHING IS MADE UP OF MATTER

EXAMPLES

Water

● Water is matter. A glass filled with water is heavier (has more mass) than an empty one.

● If you keep adding water, it would eventually overflow because water takes up space (has volume), leaving no room in the glass.

Air

● Air is matter. A balloon filled with air is heavier than a balloon that is not filled up.

● When you blow up a balloon, the balloon gets larger because the air takes up space.

Check for Understanding:

What is matter?anything that has mass and takes up space

Properties: the characteristics used to describe an object

Properties of Matter

● Mass: the measure of the amount of matter in an object -- measured in kilograms (kg)

● Volume: the measure of how much space an object takes up -- measured in cubic meters (m3)

Other Properties of Matter

● Weight: the measure of the pull of gravity on a sample of that matter

● Density: tells you how much matter is in a unit of volume

Check for Understanding:

What is a property?

a characteristic used to describe an object

Check for Understanding:

What are the two basic

properties of matter?

MASS&

VOLUME

1-3: What are the states of matter?

Objective: Students will be able to IDENTIFY and DESCRIBE the four states of matter

States: different forms of the same substance

● Three most familiar states:○ Solid○ Liquid○ Gas

● Fourth state: plasma ○ Found in stars like the Sun

States of Matter: any one of the four physical states of matter

Solids

● State of most objects around us● Has definite shape and volume● Particles are more tightly

packed together, cannot change position easily○ Vibrate, move back and forth in

place

Liquids

● Has definite volume but no definite shape

● Able to change shape because particles can change position

● Always takes the shape of its container, but volume stays the same

Gases

● Has no definite shape or volume

● Takes the shape of its container● Particles are in constant motion

○ Much farther apart than the particles in a solid or liquid

○ Move freely to all parts of the container

Another State of Matter: Plasma

● Plasma is the 4th state of matter○ Made up of small, electrically-charged particles

● Rarely exists on earth, plentiful in other parts of the universe○ Stars - where pressure is very high○ Scientists have been able to create plasma in a lab - much

cooler than naturally occurring plasma○ Plasma technology has been applied to TVs, street lamps,

fluorescent tubes

1-4: How does matter change state?

Objective: Students will be able to IDENTIFY ways in which matter can change from one state to another

State Changes

● Change of State: a change in matter from one state to another

● Change of state = Change in heat energy○ substance gains or loses heat

as it changes from one state to another

Freezing & Melting

● Freezing: change from a liquid to a solid○ Occurs when the temperature of a liquid reaches

its freezing point○ Loses enough heat to change to a solid

● Melting: change from a solid to a liquid○ Occurs when a solid gains enough heat to change

into a liquid

Evaporation & Condensation

● Evaporation: a change from a liquid to a gas at the surface of the liquid○ Particles at the surface of the liquid gained enough energy to

change to a gas state● Condensation: change from a gas to a liquid

○ Particles gain enough energy to change into a vapor, then come in contact with a cool surface and “condense” to form droplets

Sublimation

● Change of a solid directly to a gas, without passing through the liquid state

● Example: ice cubes shrinking after being left in the freezer for a several days

● Other solids that sublime: moth balls, dry ice, iodine

1-5: What are physical and chemical changes?

Objective: Students will be able to distinguish between physical and chemical changes in matter.

Physical Properties:

● Solid

● Liquid

● Gas

● Shape

● Size

● Color

● Texture

characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the makeup of a substance

● Mass

● Density

● Boiling Point

● Temperature

● Volume

● Smell

● Freezing Point

Physical Changes: All physical changes involve physical properties of a material.

EXAMPLES

● Cutting an apple in half -- changes size

● Freezing water into ice -- changes state

● Crumpling a sheet of paper -- changes size & shape

a change that does not produce a new substance

Chemical Changes:

EXAMPLES

● Burning a piece of paper ○ produces ashes, soot, heat, light, and gases

○ Paper no longer exists when you’re done

● Rusting iron

● Digestion of food

● Burning of gasoline in a car engine

a change that produces a new substance