CH 1 COLONIES IN THE WILDERNESS

CH 1

COLONIES IN THE

WILDERNESS

CH 1

COLONIES IN THE

WILDERNESS

CANADA THE LAND

CANADA THE LAND

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LAND OF YESTERDAYWhy Europeans came to N. America.

LAND OF YESTERDAYWhy Europeans came to N. America.







UPPER AND LOWER CANADA

UPPER AND LOWER CANADAQuickTime™ and a

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AMERICAN REVOLUTIONAMERICAN REVOLUTION

HOMESTEADSLOYALISTS

IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL CLASS

IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL CLASS

• UPPER CLASS/FAMILY COMPACT– Snobbish - Wanted life to be

like Britain.– Made up the Executive

Council (budgets & appointments)

• Problem - people needed their neighbors.– Servants hard to come by.– Resentment of the wealthy.– Barter economy.

• UPPER CLASS/FAMILY COMPACT– Snobbish - Wanted life to be

like Britain.– Made up the Executive

Council (budgets & appointments)

• Problem - people needed their neighbors.– Servants hard to come by.– Resentment of the wealthy.– Barter economy.

The Problem Of LandThe Problem Of Land• Good land already

taken.– False advertisement.

• Land Speculators– Blocked development.

• Clergy & Crown Reserves– Also blocked

development.

• Good land already taken.– False advertisement.

• Land Speculators– Blocked development.

• Clergy & Crown Reserves– Also blocked

development.





Advertised Reality

THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE

THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE

• First Nations land issues.• Coffin Ships

– Deadly Journeys.– Ships Made for cargo. – Steerage = poor immigrants.– Over a month per voyage.

• Illness - In 1832 half immigrants arrived ill.• Multiculturalism in pioneer Canada -

racism• Black Canadians - Loyalists brought

slavery.– Banned by 1833 - land for loyalty.– Underground Railway.

• First Nations land issues.• Coffin Ships

– Deadly Journeys.– Ships Made for cargo. – Steerage = poor immigrants.– Over a month per voyage.

• Illness - In 1832 half immigrants arrived ill.• Multiculturalism in pioneer Canada -

racism• Black Canadians - Loyalists brought

slavery.– Banned by 1833 - land for loyalty.– Underground Railway.

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

HARRIETTUBMAN

THOMASGARRETT

US SLAVERYUS SLAVERY

WOMEN IN UPPER CANADA

WOMEN IN UPPER CANADA

• Expectations, lifestyle, prejudices, and beliefs depended on class.

• Did not own property.• Worked at home.• Marriage = status.

– Spinsters.– Love?????

• Hard workers - Home and Garden.

• Hazardous childbirth.

• Expectations, lifestyle, prejudices, and beliefs depended on class.

• Did not own property.• Worked at home.• Marriage = status.

– Spinsters.– Love?????

• Hard workers - Home and Garden.

• Hazardous childbirth.

COLONIAL GOVERNMENT AND THE

NEED FOR REFORM

COLONIAL GOVERNMENT AND THE

NEED FOR REFORMKEY TERMS

Representative Government - representatives are elected by the people to make laws on their behalf.

Responsible Government - if representatives don’t deliver they can be voted out.

Democratic Government - For the people by the people. Both representative and responsible.

Oligarchy - power is put in the hands of a small group of rich people. ie Colonial Government of 1791.

1791 CONSTITUTION ACT

1791 CONSTITUTION ACT

• Divided Upper and Lower Can.

• Councils are appointed

• Assemblies are elected

• Councils were wealthy

• Councils could veto any laws proposed by the assemblies.

• Divided Upper and Lower Can.

• Councils are appointed

• Assemblies are elected

• Councils were wealthy

• Councils could veto any laws proposed by the assemblies.

KEY ISSUES

LIST OF GRIEVANCESLIST OF GRIEVANCES

• The assembly wanted $ spent on ordinary people. (ie.schools, roads,)– Council spent $ on

wealthy issues (ie canals and ignored land use issues)

• Land Speculators / Clergy Reserves.

• The assembly wanted $ spent on ordinary people. (ie.schools, roads,)– Council spent $ on

wealthy issues (ie canals and ignored land use issues)

• Land Speculators / Clergy Reserves.

UPPER CANADA LOWER CANADA

-Still upset with English domination.

-Language and cultural issues.

-Wanted democracy like the U.S.A.

-Power structure still based on old seigneurial system.

-Eng =80 000 Fr. = 420 000-English immigration hurt

French culture.-French farming taxes

increased

THE ROAD TO REBELLION

THE ROAD TO REBELLIONUPPER CANADA LOWER CANADA

Robert Gourlay - made a list of grievances and was arrested and sent out of country.

RADICALWilliam Lyon Mackenzie took on fight against the Family Compact. Fierce competitor.Leader of reform movement.

MODERATESRyerson & Baldwin wanted to fight also but encourageddebate and negotiations.

Joseph Papineau - leader of the radical French reformers.

James Craig - anti-French governor. Tried to unite Upper and Lower Canada soFrench would become a minority.

-quashed by French.

By 1832, Papineau’s reformers submitted “92 Resolutions”. Its was refused and Patriotes would rebel.

IN THE U.S.A. THIS WOULD LEAD TO THE

AMERICAN REVOLUTION

IN THE U.S.A. THIS WOULD LEAD TO THE

AMERICAN REVOLUTION– Democracy– Republic– Boston Tea Party– Quartering Act– “Shot heard around the

world”– Patriotes vs. Loyalists– George Washington– Declaration of Independence

– Democracy– Republic– Boston Tea Party– Quartering Act– “Shot heard around the

world”– Patriotes vs. Loyalists– George Washington– Declaration of Independence

IN CANADA ……

PLANET OF THE APESPLANET OF THE APES

Approved by:

THE REBELLIONS OF 1837

THE REBELLIONS OF 1837





Upper and Lower reformers joined forces.- strength in numbers.

Attempts from within failed and revolts were planned.

LOWER CANADAThe Fils de la Liberte (Sons of Liberty) attacked

first in Lower Can.- the Catholic Church backed Britain and attack fizzled.- Papineau escaped to the U.S.A.

UPPER CANADAMackenzie armed & trained men but lacked

experience. He attacked when soldiers went to defend Lower Canada but again the rebellion failed.

Mackenzie escaped to the U.S.A, dressed as a woman.

Upper and Lower reformers joined forces.- strength in numbers.

Attempts from within failed and revolts were planned.

LOWER CANADAThe Fils de la Liberte (Sons of Liberty) attacked

first in Lower Can.- the Catholic Church backed Britain and attack fizzled.- Papineau escaped to the U.S.A.

UPPER CANADAMackenzie armed & trained men but lacked

experience. He attacked when soldiers went to defend Lower Canada but again the rebellion failed.

Mackenzie escaped to the U.S.A, dressed as a woman.

REBELLIONS = FAILURE

Papineau

Mackenzie

PUNISHING THE REBELSPUNISHING THE REBELS





7 YEARS IN BERMUDA/TASMANIA- Convict Ships (conditions)- Slave Labour in plantations- Starvation rations.

Floggings

Hangings

LORD DURHAM’S REPORT

LORD DURHAM’S REPORT

•TWO MAIN ISSUES:– Join colonies together.– Responsible government.

•TWO MAIN ISSUES:– Join colonies together.– Responsible government.

Wanted to pardon rebels but was denied.

Disliked by French as his goal was for theEnglish to overrun the French culture.

In 1840, the Act of Union united Upper and Lower Canada.

FYI

Hierarchy of Power 1840Act of Union

Hierarchy of Power 1840Act of Union

UPPER & LOWER CANADA NOW = ONE ASSEMBLYThe French felt this was an attack on their culture.

1791 Constitution Act

In 1840 no Upper & Lower Canadaas seen here

18401840 1848

CH 1 COLONIES IN THE WILDERNESS

Documents

upper canadaexpectations

lower reformers

colonial government

responsible government

ordinary people

upper canadalower canadastill

french culture

radical french reformers