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Subject Seminar
CeratesBy
Dr. Ajay Chavan
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Objective
Brief introduction and discussion regarding
Cerates.
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Introduction
This is one of unctuous preparation for cosmetic
and medicinal use.
Semisolid preparation (usually containing a
medicine) applied externally as a remedy or forsoothing an irritation
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Definition
An unctuous often medicated preparation for
external application, consisting of wax or resin or
spermaceti mixed with oil, lard.
Especially one that has firm consistency than a
typical ointment and does not melt when incontact with the skin
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Contd
Cerate in the United States Pharmacopoeia is a
mixture of three parts of paraffin and seven parts
of lard.
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History
First Known Use: 15th century in Middle English
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Uses Generally used as base in cosmetics and
externally applied medicine
Preparation of Balm, Ointment, Salve, Unction,
Unguent.
Camphor ice - Cerate made of camphor and wax
and spermaceti and castor oil
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Spermaceti
Spermaceti (from Greek sperma, seed,
and Latin cetus, whale)
It is a wax present in the head cavities of
the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus).
Originally mistaken for the whales sperm (hence
the name).
Spermaceti is created in the spermaceti organinside the whale's head and connected to its nasal
passage
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Contd
Spermaceti is extracted from sperm oil by
crystallization at 6 C, when treated by pressure
and a chemical solution of caustic alkali. It is white crystals that are hard but oily to the touch,
and are devoid of taste or smell, making it very
useful as an ingredient in cosmetics, leatherworking,
and lubricants
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Contd
It is also used in making of candles of standard
photometric value, in the dressing of fabrics, and
as pharmaceutical excipient especially in cerates
and ointments.
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Properties Spermaceti is insoluble in water, very slightly
soluble in cold alcohol.
Easily dissolved in ether, chloroform, carbondisulfide, and boiling alcohol.
Spermaceti consists principally of cetyl palmitate
(ester of cetyl alchohol and palmitic acid)
C15H31COO-C16H33.
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Wax
Sticky plastic yellowish substance secreted by
bees as the martial of honeycomb
Waxes are organic compounds thatcharacteristically consist of long alkyl chains.
Natural waxes are typically esters of fatty
acids and long chain alcohols
Biosynthesized by many plants and animals.
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Properties It refers to a class of chemical compounds that
are plastic (malleable) near ambient temperatures.
Characteristically, they melt above 45 C (113 F)
to give a low viscosity liquid.
Waxes are insoluble in water but soluble in
organic, nonpolar solvents.
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Uses Waxes are mainly consumed industrially as
components of complex formulations, often for
coatings.
The main use of polyethylene and polypropylenewaxes is in the formulation of colorants for
plastics.
Lipstick and mascara are blends of various fats
and waxes colored with pigments, and
both beeswax and lanolin are used in
other cosmetics.
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Resin
Resin in the most specific use of the term is
a hydrocarbon secretion of many plants,
particularly coniferous trees. Resins are valued for their chemical properties
and associated uses, such as the production
of varnishes, adhesives.
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Properties The resin produced by most plants is
a viscous liquid, composed mainly of volatile
fluid terpenes.
The most common terpenes in resin are the
bicyclic terpenes alpha-pinene, beta-
pinene, delta-3 careneand sabinene.
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Uses The hard transparent resins, such as
the copals, dammars, mastic and sandarac, are
principally used for varnishes and cement.
while the softer odoriferous oleo-resins and gum
resins containing essential oils are more largely
used for therapeutic purposes and incense
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Lard Lard is pig fat in both its rendered and
unrendered forms. Lard was commonly used in
many cuisines as a cooking fat or shortening, oras a spread similar to butter.
The culinary qualities of lard vary somewhat
depending on the part of the pig from which the
fat was taken and how the lard was processed
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Properties Lard is mainly triglyceride.
Lard is one of the few edible oils with a relatively
high smoke point, attributable to its
high saturated fatty acids content.
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Uses Rendered lard can be used to produce bio fuel
and soap.
lard is also used as a cutting fluid in machining.
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Paraffin
Parafffin is term used synonymously with Alkane
indicating hydrocarbons with the general formula
CnH2n+2.
The simplest paraffin molecule is that
of methane, CH4, a gas at room temperature.
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Contd
The solid forms of paraffin called paraffin wax,
are heaviest molecules from C20H42 to C40H82.
Paraffin derived from Latin parum (barely) +
affins, meaning lacking affinity or lacking
reactivity indicating paraffins unreactive nature
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Uses Use as effective comedigenic, moisturizer in
toiletries and cosmetics such as vaseline.
Wax baths for beauty and therapy purposes
Agent for preparation of specimens for histology
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Ayurvedic Perspective
In Ayurveda, Cerates can be compared with
Siktha Taila.
As it is also prepared by Wax and Oils
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Siktha Taila
paM uqs xYj
isli UxpaM|
ASr usmirxjsMr lkmri||
mculqlS ulW rui
xYj Supui|
xjsMqj rll
kUhrquiUri||05/12/2011 Cerates 25
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Contd
It is a mixture of beeswax and oil, soft, smooth
ointment like substance.
There are two method describe in R.T.
Method 1 part of pure beeswax and 6 part of Tila Taila
are mixed and melted over fire.
Wax melt becomes homogenous liquid mix
well & stop heating
After cooling it becomes soft paste
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Contd
Method-Instead of 6 part of oil 5 part of oil said to
added to 1 part of beeswax
Rest of procedure is similar to that of first
method
The first method is said to be followed during
winter season and second one during summer
season
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Properties Rasa Madhura
Guna Snigdha, Picchala
Karma Sandhanakar, Vrana ropana
Indication Vrana, Visarpa, KAndu., Kustha
Shelf Life 1 year
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Summary
Discussed about Cerates and its Components &
its properties & uses
Brief introduction of Siktha Taila.
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Conclusion
Cerates one of the base used in cosmetic
preparation as the base
In Ayurveda it can be consider as Siktha Taila
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/ / C