Ceramics and Materials Engineering Nanomaterials
Ceramics and Materials EngineeringCeramics and Materials Engineering
Nanomaterials
What are Nanomaterials?What are Nanomaterials?Structures or materials who have characteristic length scales (sizes) in Structures or materials who have characteristic length scales (sizes) in
1-D, 2-D or 3-D that are ~ 101-D, 2-D or 3-D that are ~ 10-9-9 meters (nano-meters, nm, 1/1,000,000,000 meters (nano-meters, nm, 1/1,000,000,000 of a meter, 1 nm is ~ 3-4 atoms wide)of a meter, 1 nm is ~ 3-4 atoms wide)
Materials, structures or systems where behavior and control of processes Materials, structures or systems where behavior and control of processes are at the atomic or molecular levelare at the atomic or molecular level
Materials that exhibit novel (unexpected) properties, behavior and Materials that exhibit novel (unexpected) properties, behavior and phenomena phenomena
to = diameterof a human hair
It takes 10001 nm particles
2.5 nm
1000 atoms 2.
5 n
m
A box 2.5 nm on a side wouldhold ~ 1000 atoms
• The Rutgers University budget is ~ $ 1,000,000,000. Thus $1.00 is a nano-element of the budget
• 4 mm is a nano-element of the distance from NY to LA
Nanotechnology : The Challenge
Lucent Technologies Bell Labs Innovations
What Will Nanomaterials Do For Society?What Will Nanomaterials Do For Society?Nano-electronics, quantum computing, super-capacitors, super-Nano-electronics, quantum computing, super-capacitors, super-
batteries, bio-hazard sensors, 1000 CD’s on your wrist, novel drugs and batteries, bio-hazard sensors, 1000 CD’s on your wrist, novel drugs and drug delivery systems, cellular repair, artificial organs, miniature drug delivery systems, cellular repair, artificial organs, miniature
airplanes, e-ink, self assembly, super-armor, transparent armor, lab on airplanes, e-ink, self assembly, super-armor, transparent armor, lab on a chip, nano- bio-informaticsa chip, nano- bio-informatics
Total societal impact far greater than silicon microelectronics Total societal impact far greater than silicon microelectronics integrated circuit revolution of the 20th centuryintegrated circuit revolution of the 20th century
Next technological revolutionNext technological revolution
Electron microscope image of agar derived nano-gelElectron microscope image of agar derived nano-gel
used for metal and ceramic injection moldingused for metal and ceramic injection molding
K. Labropoulos, Ph. D. Thesis, Rutgers University, May, 2001K. Labropoulos, Ph. D. Thesis, Rutgers University, May, 2001
Molecular dynamic simulations of water adsorption at glass interfaceMolecular dynamic simulations of water adsorption at glass interface
S. H. Garofalini, Rutgers, UniversityS. H. Garofalini, Rutgers, University
• Self Assembled/ Ordering of 4 nm Fe/Pt nanoparticles• Nanomaterials will yield areal storage densities > 100 Gigabits/square inch
Nanomaterials for Information StorageNanomaterials for Information Storage
CC6060, Buckeyballs, Carbon Nanotubes:, Buckeyballs, Carbon Nanotubes:
New Structure of MatterNew Structure of Matter
Carbon Nanotubes (CNT’s) for Flat Panel Displays
Super Hydrophobic Aligned C-NanotubesFunctionalized Surfaces for Targeting Cells
Carbon NanotubesCarbon NanotubesThe Space Crane MaterialThe Space Crane Material
ZnO Nanostructures and Their ApplicationsZnO Nanostructures and Their ApplicationsZnO Nanostructures and Their ApplicationsZnO Nanostructures and Their Applications ZnO has wide and direct bandgap of 3.3 eV which can be ZnO has wide and direct bandgap of 3.3 eV which can be
engineered by alloying with MgO or CdO ; it is engineered by alloying with MgO or CdO ; it is piezoelectric.piezoelectric.
ZnO nanotips and nanotip arrays have applications in:ZnO nanotips and nanotip arrays have applications in: field-emission (displays and near field optical probing)field-emission (displays and near field optical probing) nano-lasersnano-lasers photonic bandgap devices (PBG)photonic bandgap devices (PBG) biomedical sensorsbiomedical sensors
(DNA, protein binding sites, etc.)(DNA, protein binding sites, etc.) STM & AFMSTM & AFM
ZnO nanotips on C-sapphire
ZnO nanotip array on GaN
APPLICATIONS • Thin film batteries
• Fiber optics
• Catalysis
• Micro-electrical-mechanical systems
• Electrochromic devices
• Environment
CRYSTAL/GLASS INTERFACESATOMISTIC ROUGHNESS
OF GLASS SURFACE
WATER MOLECULES (IN GREEN AND RED!) ON GLASS
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF GLASS
The Foundationof Engineering
Technology