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採集地,採集年月日および症状の異なるものごとに紙製の標本ポケットに入れ,冷暗所に収納した.各ポケットの標本を実体顕微鏡で観察し,分生子などが形成されている場合はメスなどでかき取り,スライドグラス上のラクトフェノール液にマウントして光学顕微鏡により観察し,デジタル顕微鏡撮影装置により撮影した.子実体が観察されない乾燥さく葉標本は,滅菌蒸留水を十分に含ませた直径約 15 mm の球形給水ポリマー
(Amaryllis belladonna)およびポトス(Epipremnum aureum) 由来の Colletotrichum karstii You L. Yang, Zuo Y. Liu, K.D. Hyde & L. Cai および母島産ムニンシュスラン (Goodyera boninensis) 由来 Colletotrichum orchidophilum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous は国内初報告種であった.後者はこれまでラン科植物のみから分離されており,小笠原固有のランから分離されたことにより,本種がラン科植物に特異的親和性を持つことが再確認された.母島産メダケ(Pleioblastus simonii)由来 Colletotrichum metake Saccardo は,国内では茨城県つくば市からの報告に次いで 2 番目となる (Sato et al., 2012).父島産チトセラン (Sansevieria trifasciata)由来 Colletotrichum sansevieriae Miho Nakam. & Ohzono は,鹿児島県でチトセラン炭疽病菌として初記載された種であり,本諸島でも同植物で確認されたことから宿主特異性を持つことが推定された.父島産ホンアマリリス(A. belladonna)およびクダモノトケイソウ (Passiflora edulis)由来 Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore,ならびに母島産ムニンセンニンソウ(Clematis terniflora var. boninensis)およびムニンヤツデ(Fatsia oligocasrpella)由来 Colletotrichum kahawae J.M. Waller & Bridge subsp. ciggaro B.S. Weir & P.R. Johnston は,国内の温帯から亜熱帯に広く分布する種であり(Sato et al., 2015; 飯浜ら,2014),前者は 1988~1993 年に分離された両菌株を再同定することにより本諸島にも分布することが明らかとなった.その他の植物病原菌・内生菌:近年,複数 DNA 領
域・遺伝子の塩基配列を用いた分子系統解析に基づき,Lasiodiplodia 属菌は 30 種以上報告されている (Abbas et al., 2010; Abdollahzadeh et al., 2010; Alves et al., 2008; Begoude et al., 2010; Burgess et al., 2006; Chen et al., 2015; Damm et al., 2007; Ismail et al., 2012; Linaldeddu et al., 2014; Machado et al., 2014; Netto et al., 2014; Pavlic et al., 2004, 2008; Phillips et al., 2013; Slippers et al., 2014; Trakunyingcharoen et al., 2014; Úrbez-Torres et al., 2012).今回の調査で得られた同属の菌株を同定した結果,狭義の L. theobromae の他,Lasiodiplodia parva A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crousおよび Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crous が得られた.いずれの種も熱帯・亜熱帯の樹木類を中心に寄生することが知られているが (Farr & Rossman, 2016;澤岻ら,2013),本諸島にも分布することが明らかとなった.父島産タバコ
(Nicotiana tabacum)由来 Cercospora nicotianae Ellis
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Microb. Resour. Syst. Dec. 2016 Vol. 32, No. 2
Table 1 Species new to Japan and/or to the Bonin Islands, and their new hosts
New findinga Species Isolation sourceb Hostc Collection
locationd
Collection month, year
MAFF no.e
Specimen no.f Fig.
J Acremonium recifei (Leão & Lôbo) W. Gams
Pandanus boninensis* N H Sep., 2012 243939 TYZ 43939
J Allophoma labilis (Sacc.) Q. Chen & L. Cai
Gomphrena celosiodes N H Sep., 2012 244915 TYZ 44915
J Botryosporium longibrachiatum (Oudemans) Maire
Passiflora edulis N H Oct., 2011 243165 TYZ 43165
J Colletotrichum karstii You L. Yang, Zuo Y. Liu, K.D. Hyde & L. Cai
Amaryllis belladonna N C Dec., 1993 238644 TYZ 38644 Epipremnum aureum N C Sep., 2013 244227 TYZ 44227
J Colletotrichum orchidophilum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous
Goodyera boninensis* N H Mar., 2007 243319 TYZ 43319
Bothriochloa glabra N C Oct., 2011 243195 TYZ 43195 4c
J P h a e o s e p t o r i a m u s a e Punithalingam
Musa sp. H Oct., 2011 243169 TYZ 43169 4d
J Phaeosphaer iops i s musae Arzanlou et Crous
Musa sp. (A genome) C Sep., 2012 244914 TYZ 44914
J Phomopsis bougainvilleicola M.M. Xiang, Z.D. Jiang & P.K. Chi
Casimiroa edulis N C Oct., 2011 243225 TYZ 43225
a J: new to Japan, b *: endemic plant, c N: new host, d C: Chichijima Isl., H: Hahajima Isl., e accession of NARO Genebank strains, f herbarium specimens of isolation sources
佐藤豊三ら小笠原産樹木由来菌類
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Table 1 Continued
New findinga Species Isolation sourceb Hostc Collection
locationd
Collection month, year
MAFF no.e
Specimen no.f Fig.
J Phomopsis glabrae C.Q. Chang, Z.D. Jiang & P.K. Chi
Fatsia oligocasrpella N H Sep., 2013 244229 TYZ 44229 B Colletotrichum metake Saccardo Pleioblastus simonii H Sep., 2012 243970 TYZ 43970 B Colletotrichum sansevieriae
B Col le to tr ichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore
Amaryllis belladonna N C Dec., 1993 238718 TYZ 38718 Passiflora edulis N C Jul., 1988 305982 TYZ 05982
B Curvularia geniculata (Tracy & Earle) Boedijn
Bothriochloa glabra N C Oct., 2011 243194 TYZ 43194
B Gib e l l u l o p s i s n i g r e s c en s (Pe thybr . ) Zare , W . Gams & Summerb.
Carica papaya N C Sep., 2012 243938 TYZ 43938 Momordica charantia N C Sep., 2012 243941 TYZ 43941
a B: new to the Bonin Isls., J: new to Japan, b *: endemic plant, c N: new host, d C: Chichijima Isl., H: Hahajima Isl., e acces-sion of NARO Genebank strains, f herbarium specimens of isolation sources
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Microb. Resour. Syst. Dec. 2016 Vol. 32, No. 2
a B: new to the Bonin Isls., b *: endemic plant, c N:new host, d A: Anijima Isl., C: Chichijima Isl., H: Hahajima Isl., e acces-sion of NARO Genebank strains, f herbarium specimens of isolation sources
Table 1 Continued
New findinga Species Isolation sourceb Hostc Collection
locationd
Collection month, year
MAFF no.e
Specimen no.f Fig.
B N e o f u s i c o c c u m p a r v u m (Pennycook & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips
Psidium guajava N C Sep., 2013 244442 TYZ 44442 4a
B Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Penzig) Crous & Slippers
Ficus umbellata N H Sep., 2012 243703 TYZ 43703 4b
B P e s t a l o t i o p s i s u v i c o l a (Spegazzini) Bissett
Juniperus taxifolia* N C Oct., 2011 243217 TYZ 43217
B Pes ta l o t i op s i s v e r s i co l o r (Spegazzini) Steyaert
Tarenna subsessilis* N C May, 2005 243321 TYZ 43321
B Phoma herbarum Westendorp Rubus nishimuranus N C Sep., 2013 244249 TYZ 44249 B Phragmocapnias sp. Ligustrum micran-
thum*N C Dec., 2013 244893 TYZ 44893 4e
B Phyllosticta fallopiae Motohashi, I. Araki & C. Nakash.
Elaeocarpus photini-ifolius*
N C Feb., 2014 244908 TYZ 44908 4g
B Phyllosticta philoprina (Berkeley & M.A. Curtis) S. Wikee & Crous
Syzygium cleyerifoli-um*
N C Jan., 2014 244907 TYZ 44907 4h
B Ramichloridium cerophilum (Tubaki) de Hoog
Terminalia catappa N C Oct., 2011 243163 TYZ 43163 4k
B Septoria centellae G. Winter Centella asiatica C Sep., 2012 243721 TYZ 43721 4l Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.)
Griffon & Maubl.Sterculia nobilis N H Sep., 2012 243705 TYZ 43705
Pestalot iopsis microspora (Spegazzini) G.C. Zhao & N. Li
Arenga engleri N C Oct., 2011 243216 TYZ 43216 Melastoma
tetramerum*N C Aug., 2004 243323 TYZ 43323
Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn (AG4, IIIA)
Lobelia boninensis* N C Aug., 2005 243325 TYZ 43325
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Libert) de Bary
Crepidiastrum ameri-stophyllum*
N C Apr., 2004 243326 TYZ 43326
Phyllosticta capitalensis Henn. Passiflora edulis N C Oct., 2011 243251 TYZ 43251 Eugenia uniflora N C Sep., 2012 243750 TYZ 43750 Blechnum orientale N C Dec., 2013 244889 TYZ 44889 4fNeolitsea boninensis* N C Dec., 2013 244881 TYZ 44881 Rubus nishimuranus N C Sep., 2013 244267 TYZ 44267 Boninia glabra* N C Feb., 2014 244910 TYZ 44910 Thunbergia laurifolia N C Sep., 2012 243745 TYZ 43745 Rhus succedanea N C Sep., 2012 243746 TYZ 43746 Heliconia psittacorum N C Sep., 2012 243747 TYZ 43747 Callicarpa subpubes-cens*
N C Sep., 2012 243748 TYZ 43748
Bischofia javanica N C Sep., 2012 243749 TYZ 43749 Hibiscus tiliaceus N C Sep., 2012 243751 TYZ 43751 Derris elliptica N C Sep., 2013 244264 TYZ 44264 Smilax ch ina var . yanagitae
N A Sep., 2013 244265 TYZ 44265
Dodonaea viscosa N C Sep., 2013 244266 TYZ 44266 Wikstroemia pseudo-retusa*
New findinga Species Isolation sourceb Hostc Collection
locationd
Collection month, year
MAFF no.e
Specimen no.f Fig.
Sphaerellopsis filum (Bivona-Bernardi) B. Sutton
Puccinia pusilla on Bothriochloa glabra
N C Oct., 2011 243249 TYZ 43249
Stemphylium lycopersici (Enjoji) W. Yamam.
Centella asiatica N H Sep., 2012 243758 TYZ 43758
Tubercularia lateritia (Berkeley) Seifert
Litchi chinensis N C Oct., 2011 243236 TYZ 43236
A p i o g n om o n i a c a t a p p a e (Koorders) M. Monodg
Terminalia catappa C Oct., 2011 243164 TYZ 43164 3a
c N:new host, d C: Chichijima Isl., H: Hahajima Isl., e accession of NARO Genebank strains, f herbarium specimens of iso-lation sources, g demonstration of a sexual and asexual-morph connection
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Microb. Resour. Syst. Dec. 2016 Vol. 32, No. 2
Fig. 3 Morphology of fungi isolated from plants in the Bonin Islands (bar: 20 mm except for k)a: Colonies of Apiognomonia catappae from Terminalia catappa on PDA slants cultured at 20-25° C for 25 days, left: an isolate derived from an ascospore, right: that from a conidium; b: Conidioma of Cercospora guatemalensis from Coffea arabica; c: Acervulus of Colletotrichum sansevieriae from Sansevieria trifasciata; d: Conidioma of Coniosporium agaves from Agave americana; e: Conidia of Diaporthe musigena from Passiflora edulis; f: Conidia of Diaporthe pseudomangiferae from Ardisia sieboldii; g: Hypha and conidia of Hortaea werneckii from Dracaena sanderiana; h: Conidia of Lasiodiplodia parva from Trema orientalis; i: Conidia of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae from Crinum asiaticum var. asiaticum; j: Conidioma of Mycosphaerella crystallina from Sambucus chinensis var. formosana; k: Sporodochium and conidia of Microcera sp. from a scale insect on Machilus sp. (bar: 50 mm); l: Conidiogenous cells of Mycosphaerella heimii from Wikstroemia pseudoretusa
佐藤豊三ら小笠原産樹木由来菌類
─ 172 ─
Fig. 4 Morphology of fungi isolated from plants in the Bonin Islands (continued, bar: 20 mm except for m)a: Conidia of Neofusicoccum parvum from Psidium guajava; b: Conidioma of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae from Ficus umbellata; c: Conidia of Paraconiothyrium sporulosum from Bothriochloa glabra; d: Conidia of Phaeoseptoria musae from Musa sp.; e: Conidioma and conidia of Phragmocapnias sp. from Ligustrum micranthum; f: Conidia of Phyllosticta capital-ensis from Blechnum orientale; g: Conidia of Phyllosticta fallopiae from Elaeocarpus photiniifolius; h: Conidia of Phyllosticta philoprina from Syzygium cleyerifolium; i: Conidioma of Pseudocercospora rhabdothamni from Rubus nakaii; j: Conidia of Pseudocercospora rhabdothamni from Thelypteris parasitica; k: Conidiophore and conidia of Ramichloridium cerophilum from Terminalia catappa; l: Conidioma and conidia of Septoria centellae from Centella asiatica; m: Conidioma and spore horn of Septoria cucubali from Passiflora edulis (bar: 50 mm); n: Conidia of Striodiplodia agaves from Agave americana; o: Sporodochium and conidia of Volutellonectria consors from Calanthe hattorii
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Microb. Resour. Syst. Dec. 2016 Vol. 32, No. 2
Table 2 Unidentified fungal strains isolated from endemic plants in the Bonin islands
Fungal genus Isolation source Collection locationa
Collection month, year
MAFF no.b
Specimen no.c
Closely rerated speciesd
BLAST scoree
Sequenceaccessionf
Acremonium Cinnamomum pseu-do-pedunculatum
A Sep., 2013 244444 TYZ 44444 A c r e m o n i u m chrysogenum
928 HQ232017
Acrocalymma Machilus boninensis H Sep., 2013 244421 TYZ 44421 Acrocalymma fici 782 NR_137953Drypetes integerrima H Sep., 2013 244454 TYZ 44454 A c r o c a l y m m a
H Sep., 2013 244242 TYZ 44242 Neopestalotiopsis eucalypticola
979 KM199376
Ligustrum micran-thum
C Dec., 2013 244892 TYZ 44892 Neopestalotiopsis surinamensis
983 KM199351
a A: Anijima Isl., C: Chichijima Isl., H: Hahajima Isl., b accession of NARO Genebank strains, c herbarium specimens of iso-lation sources, d highest-ranking species in BLAST search with sequence of the strain, e score of BLAST search showed by the closely related species, f deposited sequence for comparison
佐藤豊三ら小笠原産樹木由来菌類
─ 174 ─
Table 2 Continued
Fungal genus Isolation source Collection locationa
C Feb., 2014 244897 TYZ 44897 Pseudoplagiostoma corymbiae
841 NG_042674
Pyrenochaetopsis Alpinia boninsimen-sis
H Sep., 2013 244407 TYZ 44407 Pyrenochaetopsis poae
785 KJ869117
Ramichloridium Neisosperma nakaia-num
C Sep., 2014 245071 TYZ 45071 Ramichloridium biverticillatum
811 KF286986
Readeriella Ligustrum micran-thum
C Dec., 2012 244956 TYZ 44956 Readeriella guya-nensis
942 FJ493211
Simplicillium Syzygium cleyerifoli-um
C Jan., 2014 244905 TYZ 44905 S i m p l i c i l l i u m cylindrosporum
992 AB603997
Sporidesmium Neolitsea boninensis C Dec., 2013 244879 TYZ 44879 S p o r i d e s m i u m pachyanthicola
941 DQ408557
Thuemenella Piper postelsianum H Sep., 2013 244409 TYZ 44409 T h u e m e n e l l a cubispora
941 EF562509
Torrendiella Machilus kobu C Dec., 2013 244886 TYZ 44886 Torrendiella ciliata 913 KJ627220Trichothecium Fatsia oligocarpella H Sep., 2013 244426 TYZ 44426 T r i c h o t h e c i u m
roseum826 KT758800
Vamsapriya Livistona chinensis var. boninensis
C Sep., 2012 243949 TYZ 43949 Vamsapriya indica 981 KM462840
Xylaria Machilus kobu C Dec., 2013 244883 TYZ 44883 Xylaria badia 976 AB376705a A: Anijima Isl., C: Chichijima Isl., H: Hahajima Isl., b accession of NARO Genebank strains, c herbarium specimens of iso-lation sources, d highest-ranking species in BLAST search with sequence of the strain, e score of BLAST search showed by the closely related species, f deposited sequence for comparison, g NT: identified by morphology only
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Microb. Resour. Syst. Dec. 2016 Vol. 32, No. 2
Phaeosphaeriopsis musae Arzanlou et Crous,アイダガヤ(Bothriochloa glabra)由来 Xepiculopsis graminea
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MAFF no.b
Specimen no.c
Closely rerated speciesd
BLAST scoree
Sequenceaccessionf
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Fungi isolated mainly from woody plants in the Bonin Islands
Toyozo Sato1), Tsuyoshi Ono2), Kazuaki Tanaka3) and Tsutomu Hattori4)
1)Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2)Ogasawara Subtropical Branch of Tokyo Metropolitan Agriculture and Forestry Research Center,
3)Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 4)Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
Four hundred and forty-seven fungal isolates were obtained from ca. 300 specimens of woody plants and some herbs, including their parasites, in the Bonin Islands from 2011 to 2014. Two hundred and eighty-six of the isolates were identified as 124 species and 161 isolates were classified into many genera on the basis of their morphology and the results of a BLASTn search with barcode DNA sequences such as the ITS region of the 18S rRNA gene and the D1/D2 domain of the 28S rRNA gene. Thirty-seven species were new to Japan and 21 species were new to the Bonin Islands. Fifty-seven species were found on 80 new hosts, which included 19 plants endemic to the islands. Although at least 50 other isolates from the endemic hosts were classified into 37 genera, they could not be identified at species level despite the BLASTn search. More studies in detail are needed to identify these isolates, which seemed to be new taxa. Thirteen species new to Japan and a fungus new to the islands, which were isolated from both tropical and subtropical hosts, are known inhabitants of warmer areas of the world. The tropical or subtropical component in the mycobiota of the Bonin Islands was reconfirmed by the present study.