Project “Identifying and reducing prejudices as a source of conflict between Roma and non-Roma population – Cases of Bulgaria, Italy, Romania, Slovenia compared” Position of Roma in Romania and in four target localities – Timișoara, Sânpetru Mare, Sântana, Aleșd Centrul Euroregional pentru Democrație Euroregional Center for Democracy
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Project “Identifying and reducing prejudices as a source of conflict between Roma and non-Roma population – Cases of Bulgaria, Italy,
Romania, Slovenia compared”
Position of Roma in Romania and in four target localities – Timișoara, Sânpetru Mare, Sântana, Aleșd
Centrul Euroregional pentru DemocrațieEuroregional Center for Democracy
Romanian Principalities
(Wallachia and Moldavia)
14th-19th C: Slaves Abolition of slavery: 1844 - 1856
Through an auction at noon at the St. Elias Monastery on 8 May 1852It comprises of 18 men, 10 boys, 7 women & 3 girlsIn fine condition
Source: Wikipedia
A brief history
14th century: Roma enter Romania1918 – 1939: Roma become land owners, a Roma elite emerges1942 – 1944: deportation to Transdniestria1947 – 1989: Roma’s cultural identity deliberately ignored, focus on the integration of this segment which led a “parasitic way of life”1
A brief history
1Crowe, David. 1996. A History of the Gypsies of Eastern Europe and Russia
Total popula-tion Roma
3.2%
96.8%
2011 census Council of Europe, Roma and Travelers Division
(2008)
Roma population in Romania
Roma = 8.5% of the total population
Facts
Other
Romanians
Hungarians
Roma
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
9%
12%
12%
58%
Poverty risk
Source: The World Bank, The Ministry of Labor, Family and Equal Opportunities, The National Institute of Statistics. November 2007. Romania: Poverty Assessment Report.
Employment
Roma Total population0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
36%
58%
Employment rate
Source: Soros Foundation (2012).The situation of Roma in Romania, 2011. Between social inclusion and migration.
Employment
Roma who perform unskilled work in the informal labor market;Extremely poor Roma who collect waste materials;Roma who perform household duties and other informal occasional activities; Roma who carry out traditional activities;Roma who are employed in the formal labor market; Roma who have their own businesses (e.g. real estate, recycling waste materials, trade etc.)Roma who work abroad.
Source: The Research Institute for Quality of Life. 2010. Legal and equal on the labor : market for the Roma communities. Bucharest: Expert.
Categories of working Roma
Romanians
Roma
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
75%
12%
Source: De Laat, Joost, and Christian Bodewig. April 2011. Roma inclusion is smart economics – Illustrations from Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Romania and Serbia. World Bank’s Europe & Central Asia Knowledge Brief 39.
26% of the Roma aged 10 and over are illiterate
Education
Percentage of Roma with secondary or higher school completion
Healthcare
Scarce financial resourcesLack of ID papers and health insuranceDifficulties in buying prescribed drugs in rural areasLack of transport means to reach the medical care centersPoor medical infrastructure to which Roma have access given that they usually live on the outskirts Discriminatory behavior and attitudes of the medical staff
HousingLive on the outskirts of cities or villagesLess resistant dwellingsLimited access to utilitiesOvercrowded houses
Valid contract
Expired contract
No contract
Don't know / no answer
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
66%
4%
25%
5%
82%
1%
15%
2%
Other ethnic groupRoma
Bădescu, Gabriel et al. 2007. Roma Inclusion Barometer. Bucharest: Open Society Foundation.
10 Lack of affirmative policies for efficient schooling 1
11 Jobs correlated with training and qualification programs 1
Position of Roma in the target localities
Particularities of the target localities
TimișoaraDiscrepancy between the rich and the poor: “palaces” vs. ramshackle cabins
SântanaUnpaved roadsPoor water suppliesDwellings in an advanced state of decayContrast between the rich and the poor
AleșdElectricityPoor hygiene
A Roma “palace” in TimisoaraSource: Evenimentul zilei, 18
January 2012
Multifunctional Center, Alesd, Bihor County
International monitoring bodies
What causes the current condition of Roma?
Election campaigns
Attention paid by public authorities to Roma issues
Poor political representation Public authorities
With no local and national political decision makers to plead for long and medium-term programs, and without an appropriate budget, the problems of Roma are passed to the European Commission and vice versa, to the EU member states.
Public policies and projects
Programs, national strategies for improving the situation of Roma
Limited time frames and external budgets instead of long- or medium-term programs funded from the state budgetFunds distributed on the basis of political criteria Lack of financial resources for putting strategies into practice