Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production CMS Lannion Brittany
Dec 13, 2015
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PASSIVE MICROWAVE PROTECTION
WMO / ITWG/ EUMETNET/ METEO-FRANCE
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ATMOSPHERIC OPACITY IN FREQUENCY RANGE 1-275 GHz
1.E-07
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1 26 51 76 101 126 151 176 201 226 251
Frequency (GHz)
Ver
tica
l op
acit
y (d
B)
Minor constituents
OxygenWater vapour tropical
Water vapour sub-arctic
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Figure 5-2
010 20 30 40
WIND SPEEDSALINITY
LIQUID CLOUDS
WATER VAPOUR
SEA SURFACETEMPERATURE
Frequency (GHz)TbPi
+
_
Sensitivity of brightness temperatureto geophysical parameters over ocean surface
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Sensitivity of brightness temperatureto geophysical parameters over land surfaces
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Frequency (GHz)
Soil moisture
Vegetation biomassSurface roughness
Integrated water vapour
Cloud liquid water
Tb Pi
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Global compositeof brightness
temperature (K) from
AMSU-A Channel 3
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O2 absorption spectrum along a vertical path around 60 GHz
(multiple absorption lines)
55.22 GHz
50 55 60 65 70Frequency (GHz)
200
100
0
PASSIVE SENSORS REQUIREMENTS IN O 2 ABSORPTION SPECTRUM AROUND 60 GHz(U.S. standard atmosphère - Absorption model: Liebe 1993)
Tot
al o
xyge
n ab
sorp
tion
alon
g a
vert
ical
pat
h (d
B)
55.78 GHz
RESONANCE FREQUENCIES (GHz)
51.503452.021452.542453.066953.595754.130054.671255.221455.783856.264856.363456.968257.612558.323958.446659.164259.591060.306160.434861.150661.800262.411262.486362.998063.568564.127864.678965.224165.764866.302166.836867.369667.9009
52.6 GHz
50.2-50.4 GHz
Excl.
Excl.
Shared
59.3 GHz
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Weigthing functions at 50 to 60 GhZ
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Global composite
of brigthness temperature (K) measurements
fromAMSU-A
Channel 9
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Water vapourabsorption spectrumalong a vertical path
around 183 GHz
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
174,
81
175,
81
176,
81
177,
81
178,
81
179,
81
180,
81
181,
81
182,
81
183,
81
184,
81
185,
81
186,
81
187,
81
188,
81
189,
81
190,
81
191,
81
Frequency (GHz)
Tota
l abs
orpt
ion
alon
g a
verti
cal p
ath
(dB)
Mid-latitude
Tropical
Sub-arctic
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18
0
18
5
19
0
GH
z
17
5
O L
1 2 3 654123456
18
3,3
1
19
5
The SAPHIR channelsover the water vapor line
Central Frequencies (GHz)
183,31 ± 0,20
183,31 ± 1,10
183,31 ± 2,70
183,31 ± 4,20
183,31 ± 6,60
183,31 ± 11,00
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Weigthing functions at 183 GhZ
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Global composite
of brightness temperature (K)
fromAMSU-B
Channel 3
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ATMOSPHERIC ABSORPTION IN FREQUENCY RANGE 275-1000 GHz
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1.E+06
275 325 375 425 475 525 575 625 675 725 775 825 875 925 975
Frequency (GHz)
Vert
ical o
pacit
y (
dB
)
Water vapour tropical
Water vapour sub-arctic
Oxygen
Minor constituents
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Required system temperatures for
GOMAS
DeltaT
IFOV SIZE 10-km pixels
57 GHz
0.4 GHz
0.2 K 78 km
60 km
6 x 6 144 ms 1500 K
119 GHz
0.4 GHz
0.4 K 37 km
30 km
3 x 3 72 ms 2200 K
183 GHz
0.3 GHz
0.6 K 24 km
30 km
3 x 3 72 ms 2800 K
380 GHz
0.7 GHz
0.5 K 12 km
30 km
3 x 3 72 ms 3500 K
425 GHz
0.4 GHz
0.5 K 10 km
30 km
3 x 3 72 ms 2700 K
380 GHz
2 GHz
1.5 K 12 km
10 km
1 6 ms 5200 K
425 GHz
1 GHz
1.5 K 10 km
10 km
1 6 ms 3700 K
Ts
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INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
RADIOCOMMUNICATIONSTUDY GROUPS
February 2002English only
Draft Revision Of RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.515-3Frequency bands and bandwidths used for satellite
passive sensing(Question ITU-R 140/7
(1978-1990-1994-1997-2002)
The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,consideringa) that environmental data relating to the Earth is of increasing importance;
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INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
RADIOCOMMUNICATIONSTUDY GROUPS February 2002
English only
DRAFT REVISION oF RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1028‑1PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR SATELLITE PASSIVE
REMOTE SENSING(Question ITU-R 140/7)
(1994-1997-2002)The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,consideringa) that certain frequency bands, including some absorption bands of atmospheric gases (e.g., O2 (oxygen) and H2O (water vapour) ), have been allocated for spaceborne passive microwave
remote sensing;
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INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
RADIOCOMMUNICATIONSTUDY GROUPS
February 2002 English only
DRAFT REVISION of RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1029‑1PERMISSIBLE INTERFERENCE CRITERIA LEVELS FOR SATELLITE
PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING(Question ITU-R 140/7)
(1994-1997-2002)
The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,consideringa) that certain frequency bands, including some absorption bands of atmospheric gases (e.g., O2
(oxygen) and H2O (water vapour) ), have been allocated for spaceborne passive microwave remote
sensing;
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WEB(s) sites fore more infos.
http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/itwg/groups/frequency/
http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/TEM/SG-RFC/Handbook.htm
http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.html
http://www.eumetnet.eu.org/
http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/
http://sfcgonline.org/
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Some key problems to solve …
To conclude what is needed above 275 GHz (central frequencies and bandwidths)
To conclude about ‘Delta T ‘ tables between WMO and ITU proposals
To conclude on % of data availability
To archive emissivity pictures of the Earth in microwaves below 50 GHz.
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1) Support ITU-Recs 515 , 1028 & 1029
2) Follow ITU rules (7C….WRC)
3) Cooperate as an international scientific working group for EESS (passive) needs
BACKGROUND:
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NEXTNEXT STEPS :STEPS :
SPIE MEETINGSIGARSS’ MEETINGSITWG MEETINGSSFCG ITU-R 7CWMO FREQUENCY GROUP
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Petition for Protection of 23.6 – 24 GHz & other microwave bands for Passive Environmental Remote Sensing
Common scientific position about the protection of microwave bands for Passive Environmental Remote Sensing
http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/ http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/fichiers/petition.doc
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It’s time to push more the EESS community to express and justify clearly the needs.
The people contacted for « the petition » could, withother experts sharing the same views, become a working group by correspondance.
However, to restart the work, a meeting in USA next spring will put those people together an really restartto work and conclude a report before WRC 07.
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SFCG ACTION ITEM No. 24-3-1
SUBJECT: Update of EESS Passive Band Requirements
ACTION TO BE TAKEN: 1.) The responsible person and contributors will work together to convene a workshop with passive remote sensing scientists and remote sensing spectrum managers in the spring of 2005 in order to reach agreement on the frequency bands and required radiometer sensitivities 2.) SFCG members are to take the results of the workshop and provide the updated requirements for spaceborne passive sensors, along with accompanying scientific justification and technical feasibility, and input them to SFCG-25
RESPONSIBLE PERSON: Guy Rochard (ITWG) CONTRIBUTORS: D. McGinnis (NOAA) K. Maeda (JAXA) J. Zuzek (NASA) E. Marelli (ESA) M.Dreis (EUMETSAT) , R.Wolf (EUMETSAT) M.Vasiliev (RASA) Z.Sun (CMA)
DUE DATE: Workshop middle of spring 2005 and inputs to SFCG by august 2005.
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http://www.wmo.int/web/www/TEM/SG-RFC/Handbook.htm
Chapter 5 , second part
So we have to also consider :
REC 577-5 and REC 1166
Then extend SFCG
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SAR Altimeter Scatterometer Precipitation radars
Cloud profile radars
Viewing geometry Side-looking at 10-55 deg off nadir
Nadir-looking
1) Six fan beams in azimuth2) Two conically scanning beams
Nadir-looking Nadir-looking
Footprint/dynamics 1) Fixed to one side2) ScanSAR
Fixed at nadir 1) Fixed in azimuth2) Scanning
Scanning across nadir track
Fixed at nadir
Antenna beam Fan beam Pencil beam 1) Fan beams2) Pencil beams
Pencil beam Pencil beam
Radiated peak power 1500-8000 W 20 W 100-5000 W 600 W 1000-1500 W
Waveform Linear FM pulses Linear FM pulses
Interrupted CW orShort Pulses
Short pulses Short pulses
Bandwidth 20-300 MHz 320 MHz 5 - 80 kHz 14 MHz 300 kHz
Duty Factor 1-5 % 46 % 31 % 0.9 % 1-14 %
Service Area Land/coastal/Ocean Ocean/Ice Ocean/Ice/Land Land/Ocean Land/Ocean
EESS (active)