Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla (HP). The Potato The Potato Originated in Andean region Nearly 236 tuber bearing species Europeans introduced.

Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla (HP)Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla (HP)

The PotatoThe Potato

Originated in Andean region

Nearly 236 tuber bearing species

Europeans introduced potato in India during late 16th

century or early 17th century

Important cultivated species

Solanum tuberosum ssp tuberosum

Solanum tuberosum ssp andigena

123

4

5

6

78

9

10

11

12

13

14

• South America (Centre of origin)1. South America Spain 15702. South America UK 15903. UK India <16104. Portugal India <16105. India Sri Lanka <16106. UK Bermuda 16137. Bermuda Virginia, USA 1621

8. Holland Taiwan <16509. Taiwan China <165010. Spain Philippines <170011. UK New Zealand 177312. Holland Java 179413. Holland Russia <180014. UK South African continent 1830

Potato’s journey from centre of its origin

Importance of potato in food Importance of potato in food production and nutritionproduction and nutrition

38.8

26

12.610.8

18.9

7.44.9 3.93.1 2.5

1 1.30

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Potato Wheat Rice Maize

Av. Dry matter yield (kg/ha/day)

Edible energy ('0000 kcal/ha/day)

Edible protein (kg/ha/day)

(Source: Calculated from data of DES, MOA, GOI)

Potato in Indian Potato in Indian Agriculture Agriculture

• Potato contributes about 2.48% of

the total agricultural output from

only 1.07% of the total cropped area

in the year 2007-08.

• The ratio of contribution is much

higher (about 4 times) compared to

rice (14.54% from 30.29%) and wheat

(10.95% from 19.48%).

Agro-climatic peculiarities for Agro-climatic peculiarities for growing potatoes in India growing potatoes in India

ParametersParameters IndiaIndia Europe/AmericaEurope/America

Growing season Winter Summer

Day & night temp. during crop season

Day : 25-32 0C Night : 3-5 0C

Day : 20-25 0C Night : 5-20 0C

Crop duration (d) Short (80-90) Long (150-180)

Photoperiod 10 hrs/day ≥14 hrs/day

Post harvest handling Difficult (high temps.) Easy (low temp.)

Result Low yields, less dry matter, and more reducing sugars

High yields, high dry matter, and low reducing sugars

Organizational StructureOrganizational Structure

History of Potato Research in History of Potato Research in IndiaIndia

CPRI established in 1949

7 Regional Research Stations

All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Potato in 1971

25 Research Centers

CIP established its Regional Center for South West Asia (SWA) in 1975

CPRI, Regional Stations & AICRP Centres

KalyaniKalyani

RanichauriRanichauri

PantnagarPantnagar

SrinagarSrinagar

JalandharJalandhar

HisarHisar

ModipuramModipuram

Faizabad Faizabad

DholiDholi

PatnaPatnaKotaKota

DeesaDeesa

ChhindwaraChhindwara

RaipurRaipur

BhubaneshwarBhubaneshwar

ShillongShillong

JorhatJorhat

DharwadDharwad

HassanHassan

OotyOoty

KufriKufri CPRI /AICRPP HQs, ShimlaCPRI /AICRPP HQs, Shimla

ICAR HQ, New DelhiICAR HQ, New Delhi

GwaliorGwalior

PasighatPasighat

KanpurKanpur

PunePune

Potato Growing Regions

Plains 89.5%

Hills 6.2%

Plateau 4.3%

Northern hills

Plateau region

Southern hills

Northern plains

• National Germplasm Repository

• Biotechnology and Molecular Biology

Laboratory

• Potato Genomics and Bio-informatics

Laboratory

• Cell Biology Laboratory

• Diagnostics Laboratory

• Remote Sensing and GIS Laboratory

• Micro-propagation Facilities

• Aeroponic facility

• Poly house (Net house facility)

• Washing grading & packing

• Elevated temp. storage facility

• Mini-phytotron facility

Laboratory FacilitiesLaboratory Facilities

Farm Infrastructure

StationLocation Altitude

(m)

Established (Year)

Area (ha)

Lat. Long.

Headquarter 31 N 77 E 2,202 1935 5.2

Kufri, Fagu 32 N 77 E 2,501 1963 32.0

Shillong 27 N 91 E 1,500 1959 12.8

Muthorai (Ooty) 11 N 76 E 2,245 1957 16.6

Jalandhar 31 N 75 E 237 1957 80.0

Modipuram 29 N 76 E 222 1971 153.8

Gwalior 26 N 78 E 207 1979 179.5

Patna 25 N 85 E 53 1949 40.9

Total 520.8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1949-50 1959-60 1969-70 1979-80 1989-90 1999-00 2003-04 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Area (Lakh ha)

Production (mt)

Yield (t/ha)

Increase in area, production and productivity Increase in area, production and productivity (1949/50 – 2012-13)(1949/50 – 2012-13)

0

20

40

60

80

100

China, mainland Russian Federation India Ukraine Bangladesh USA Poland

Area (Lakh ha)

Production (Million Tonne)

India ranks third in area and India ranks third in area and second in production in the world second in production in the world (Av. 2010-12) (Av. 2010-12)

Potato productivity in major Potato productivity in major potato potato

producing statesproducing states

8.8

19.4

29.7

19.8

14.3

1012

25 24.9

28.9

14.9

23.7

0

10

20

30

40

Total: ~ 3,900Total: ~ 3,900

286286

17751775

770770

1082 (118 spp.)1082 (118 spp.)

Indian varieties and Indian varieties and parental lines parental lines

TuberosumTuberosum

AndigenaAndigena

Wild spp.Wild spp.

National Potato Germplasm Repository

Division of Crop Improvement

MS medium 3% sucrose 4% sorbitol 8 hr photoperiod Storage period 1-2

years

6 oC, 2 Years 25 oC, 20 Days Medium term storage

Germplasm Conservation Germplasm Conservation

Medium term storage

Different modes of germplasm conservation

Mode Location No. of accessions

TuberJalandhar 1450

Kufri 2231

TPS Shimla 961

In-vitro Shimla 1978

DNA Shimla 162

Long term storage

9

30

10

Early (70-80 days)

Medium (90-100 days)

Late (100-110 days)

3

7

14

3

3

3

4

3

1

2

Northern hills

Plains

Plateau

Darjeeling hills

Southern hills

6

Number of varietiesNumber of varieties

Processing-6Processing-6Heat tolerance-1Heat tolerance-1

Developed 49 improved Developed 49 improved varietiesvarieties

Potato varieties developed during last 5 years Potato varieties developed during last 5 years (8)(8)

Adapted to Adapted to North North Indian plains Indian plains Yield Yield potential of 40 potential of 40 t/ha t/ha Resistance to early Resistance to early and late blight, and late blight, earlyearly bulkerbulker, , suitable for suitable for early planting.early planting.

Adapted to UP and adjoining areas Yield potential of 40 t/ha Resistance to late blight, early bulker.

Kufri GarimaKufri Garima

Adapted to Adapted to Indo-Indo-gangetic plains and gangetic plains and plateau regionplateau regionYield potential of 35 Yield potential of 35 t/hat/haField resistant to late Field resistant to late blightblight

Kufri GauravKufri Gaurav

Adapted to Adapted to North North Indian plains Indian plains Yield Yield potential of 40 potential of 40 t/ha t/ha Perform well under Perform well under sub-optimal doses sub-optimal doses of fertilizers )of fertilizers )

Kufri SadabaharKufri SadabaharKufri KhyatiKufri Khyati TABLE TABLE VARIETIES (4)VARIETIES (4)

KufriKufri FrysonaFrysona

Adapted to Adapted to North North Indian plainsIndian plainsYield potential of 40 Yield potential of 40 t/hat/haResistance to late Resistance to late blight and wart, blight and wart, suitable for making suitable for making French friesFrench fries

Adapted to Hills (Processing variety) Yield potential of 35 t/ha Resistance to late blight and wart

Kufri HimsonaKufri Himsona

Potato varieties developed during last 5 yearsPotato varieties developed during last 5 years…contd.…contd.

PROCESSING VARIETIES (2)PROCESSING VARIETIES (2)

Adapted to Indian Hills Yield potential of 35 t/ha Extreme resistance to late blight (Joseph (Joseph et al.et al., , 2010)2010)

Kufri NeelimaKufri Neelima

Adapted to Southern Adapted to Southern HillsHillsYield potential of 30 Yield potential of 30 t/ha Resistance to t/ha Resistance to early blight, late early blight, late blight and blight and cyst cyst nematode nematode (Annual (Annual Report 2009-10, Report 2009-10, pp.107)pp.107)

DISEASE RESISTANT VARIETIES (2)DISEASE RESISTANT VARIETIES (2)

Developed & registered 19 improved Developed & registered 19 improved breeding lines as elite genetic stocks breeding lines as elite genetic stocks having earliness, resistance to pest & having earliness, resistance to pest & disease and frost tolerancedisease and frost tolerance

Acc. Name Registration No.EX/A-680-16 INGR 01011QB/A-9-120 INGR 04057QB/B-92-4 INGR 04058MP/99-322 INGR 04109PS/F-220 INGR 04059JW96 INGR 05023E/79-42 INGR 05022JX 123 INGR 06021JN 189 INGR 07040JX 90 INGR 09069D4 INGR 09067C-13 INGR 09068SS 1725-22 INGR 09121SS 2040 INGR 09120YY 6/3 C-11 INGR10143E 1-3 INGR 11050P 7 INGR 11051MP/97-921 INGR13049SS 1735-02 INGR13048

Breeding lines registered by CPRI as elite genetic stock (19)

Coefficient0.22 0.37 0.53 0.68 0.83

JEX/A-10 JEX/A-93 JEX/A-595 JEX/A-801 JEX/A-1046 JEX/A-1081 JEX/A-1061 JEX/A-14 JEX/A-15 JEX/A-21 JEX/A-457 JEX/A-459 JEX/A-379 JEX/A-763 JEX/A-612 JEX/A-622 JEX/A-107 JEX/A-122 JEX/A-132 JEX/A-804 JEX/A-827 JEX/A-164 JEX/A-616 JEX/A-274 JEX/A-275 JEX/A-288 JEX/A-638 JEX/A-668 JEX/A-683 JEX/A-912 JEX/A-1092 JEX/A-1152 JEX/A-267 JEX/A-215 JEX/A-865 JEX/A-468 JEX/A-296 JEX/A-390 JEX/A-232 JEX/A-413 JEX/A-617 JEX/A-380 JEX/A-368 JEX/A-30 JEX/A-907 JEX/A-539 JEX/A-705 JEX/A-707 JEX/A-708 JEX/A-1038 JEX/A-76 JEX/A-79 JEX/A-298 JEX/A-299 JEX/A-202 JEX/A-316 JEX/A-317 JEX/A-329 JEX/A-361 JEX/A-506 JEX/A-513 JEX/A-216 JEX/A-498 JEX/A-947 JEX/A-745 JEX/A-918 JEX/A-920 JEX/A-42 JEX/A-58 JEX/A-197 JEX/A-198 JEX/A-199 JEX/A-19 JEX/A-26 JEX/A-45 JEX/A-189 JEX/A-877

Developed and characterized Developed and characterized andigenaandigena core collection core collection

• The core collection of The core collection of Andigena germplasm Andigena germplasm was developed by was developed by recording data on 21 recording data on 21 traits of 740 traits of 740 accessions. accessions.

• Seventy-eight (78) Seventy-eight (78) accessions accessions representing total representing total diversity was diversity was constituted as core constituted as core collection. collection.

Dihaploid C-13 Dihaploid D-4Dihaploid C-13 Dihaploid D-4

Somatic hybridization in potato Somatic hybridization in potato improvementimprovement

Somatic hybridization Somatic hybridization proceduresprocedures

Somatic hybrid Somatic hybrid (C-13 + (C-13 + S. etuberosumS. etuberosum))Reg. No.: INGR11050Reg. No.: INGR11050

Somatic hybrid Somatic hybrid (C-13 + (C-13 + S. S. pinnatisectumpinnatisectum))Reg. No.: INGR11051Reg. No.: INGR11051

ISSR profiles of somatic hybridsISSR profiles of somatic hybrids

The complex genome of potato has been deciphered by a consortium of 26 international institutes belonging to 14 countries. CPRI from India was the proud partner of this consortium. A total of 39,031 protein-coding genes have been predicted in the sequence out of which about 800 genes encode disease-resistance related proteins.

Structural GenomicsStructural Genomics

Genome sequencing in progress:Genome sequencing in progress:1.R. solanacearum 3. S. chacoense 5. S. scabies2.P. infestans 4. F. sambucinum 6. Major potato viruses

TPS TechnologyTPS Technology

SN Trait Target genes Present status

1. Late Blight RB gene RB (5) hybrids (SP951 x Kufri Jyoti) selected. Permission awaited for BRL-2 trials.

Silencing of Avr3a through RNAi

Promising lines (5) of Kufri Pukhraj were selected for repeated screening

2. Cold induced sweetening

Silencing of VaINV gene in tubers through RNAi

Promising KChi1_RNAiINV_2214 selected. Permission awaited for BRL-1 trials.

Silencing of ValINV and UGPase genes through RNAi

Event selection (72) under polyhouse condition in progress

3 Virus Resistance

PALCV: Silencing of replicase gene through RNAi

Promising lines of Kufri Badshah (5) and Kufri Pukhraj (2) under multiplication.

PVY: Silencing of coat protein gene through RNAi

Promising Kufri Pukhraj lines (6) under multiplication.

4 Dwarf potatoes

Silencing of GA20OX1 through RNAi

Promising Kufri Surya lines (9) selected. Permission awaited for BRL-1 trials.

Potato transgenics developed at CPRIPotato transgenics developed at CPRI

Developed potato crop growth model Developed potato crop growth model “INFOCROP-POTATO“INFOCROP-POTATO””

This has enabled estimation of yield gaps and This has enabled estimation of yield gaps and develop Best Management Practices develop Best Management Practices

The model simulates the phenology of the crop and computes the amount of intercepted radiation and the total biomass yield based on radiation use efficiency consequently the tuber yield based on harvest index. The model is being extensively used for generating BMPs and pre-harvest yield forecasting of potato production and also for climate change impact and adaptation studies.

Division of Crop ProductionDivision of Crop Production

Analysis of impact of climate change showed that potato productivity is likely to increase in Punjab, Haryana and Western UP by 9% and 11% in the year 2020 and 2050 respectively.

In other States productivity is likely to decrease by 3 to 19% and 5 to 44% in the year 2020 and 2050 respectively.

Impact of climate change on potato Impact of climate change on potato production in different regions of production in different regions of

IndiaIndia

Computer Aided Advisory System for Computer Aided Advisory System for

Potato Crop Scheduling Potato Crop Scheduling This enables farmers use information on climate and physiology to choose best date of planting, variety and fix harvesting date.

This tool consists of a database of “INFOCROP-POTATO” model derived expected yields of 10 varieties planted at 5 dates of planting and at 4 crop durations viz. 60, 70, 80 and 90 DAP for 800 locations in India.

It helps the grower to select the suitable potato cultivar on the basis of date of planting and duration of the crop for his area/region.

Other IT tools developed at CPRI are:

Potato Pest Manager, Plausible Potato Growing Season Estimator, Potato Temperature Stress Degree Hours Estimation Tool, Potato Potential Yield Estimation Tool

AWiFS image from IRS-P6 satellite showing potato crop distribution in Punjab

The methodology is adopted for acreage and production forecast of potato under FASAL programme of Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India

Acreage and Production Estimation of Potato Acreage and Production Estimation of Potato Using Remote Sensing, GIS and Crop ModellingUsing Remote Sensing, GIS and Crop Modelling

Potato acreage estimation through remote sensing and GIS using Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) data from Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS P6 and yield estimation using Infocrop-Potato model was standardized in collaboration with Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmadabad

New potato based cropping New potato based cropping systems with overall system systems with overall system productivity, economic viability productivity, economic viability and input use efficiency developedand input use efficiency developed

Protocol for organic potato cultivation and Integrated nutrient management strategies for increasing the sustainability, quality while increasing efficiency of inputs developed

Micro-irrigation and fertigation Micro-irrigation and fertigation technology standardized to make technology standardized to make potato production feasible in the potato production feasible in the future era of water shortagefuture era of water shortage

Farm implements and machinesPotato production made less labour intensive, increased economic viability and timely operations through development of various farm machinery/implements

Manually/engine operated endless screen type potato Manually/engine operated endless screen type potato grader grader

Potato PlanterPotato Planter

Potato HarvesterPotato HarvesterPotato handling and seed treatment system

Division of Plant Division of Plant ProtectionProtectionImportant Potato Pests & DiseasesImportant Potato Pests & Diseases

DiseasesDiseasesFoliar diseases: Late blight, Early blight, Viruses

Soil & Tuber borne diseases: Black scurf, Common scab, Sclerotium wilt, Fusarium wilt, Bacterial wilt

PestsPests:: Aphids, Whitefly, Leaf hoppers, Mites, Cut worms, White grub, Tuber moth

Quarantine Pests & DiseasesQuarantine Pests & Diseases: : Wart, Cyst nematodes, Exotic viruses (9), Smuts, Ring rot, Tuber nematode, Stem & bulb nematode, Gangrene, Phytoplasmas, Colorado beetle, Andean potato weevil

Location Metalaxyl resistance at ppm level (% isolates)

Race (No. of genes)

100 200 300

HP hills - - 67 11

UP - 15 - 9-11

Uttarakhand 100 - - 8-11

Punjab (Jalandhar) - - 100 11

Bihar (Patna) - - 38 11

Characterization of Characterization of P. infestans P. infestans populationpopulation

100 ppm100 ppm 200 ppm200 ppm

50 ppm50 ppm ControlControl

Mating type

M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 11 1 2 1 3 14 15 16 17 1 8 1 9 20 M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 11 1 2 1 3 14 15 16 17 1 8 1 9 20 MM

~~167bp

~ ~ 50bp

Ia typeIa type Ib typeIb type

Molecular characterization of Molecular characterization of P. P. infestansinfestansYear Mitochondrial Haplotype

Ia Ib

1996-2001 - +

2002 + +

2003 - +

2004 + +

2005 + -

2008-09 + +

2009-10 + (62.5%) + (37.5%

2010-11 + (76%) + (24%)

2011-12 + (100%) -

2012-13 + (100%) -Coefficient

0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

Pi08H1 Pi08H13 Pi08H2 Pi08H4 Pi08H3 Pi08H5 Pi08H6 Pi08H7 Pi08H8 Pi09H9 Pi09H17 Pi09H18 Pi09H19 Pi09H20 Pi09H21 Pi09H22 Pi09H23 Pi09H24 Pi10P49 Pi10P53 Pi10P50 Pi10P51 Pi10P52 Pi10P54 Pi10P56 Pi10P57 Pi10P55 Pi10H37 Pi10H38 Pi10H39 Pi10H40 Pi10H41 Pi10H42 Pi10H43 Pi10H44 Pi10H45 Pi10H46 Pi10H47 Pi08H10 Pi08H11 Pi08H12 Pi08H14 Pi08H15 Pi08H16 Pi09H25 Pi09H26 Pi09H27 Pi09H28 Pi09H29 Pi09H30 Pi09H31 Pi10H32 Pi10H33 Pi10H34 Pi10H35 Pi10H36 Pi10P48

SSR genotypingSSR genotyping

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-Potato (ToLCNDV-potato): genome analysis

93.3-96.7% similarity with ToLCNDV isolates from cucurbits and tomato70.4-74.0 % with other ToLCVs.

HM007094-(ToLCKV:Chilli:Bangalore)

HM803118-(ToLCKV:Tomato)

NC 004558-(ToLCGV:Tomato:Varanasi)

HM625838-(ToLCGV:Tomato:Pune)

NC 016965-(ToLCRnV:Tomato)

JN676053-(ToLCRnV:Tomato:Guwahati)

NC 011135-(ToLCKeV:Tomato)

EU910140-(ToLCKeV:Tomato)

NC 008517-(ToLCPuV:Tomato:Pune)

AY754814-(ToLCPuV:Tomato:Pune)

DQ852623-(ToLCBV:Tomato:Kerala)

AY428770-(ToLCBV:Tomato:Bangalore)

GU474418-(ToLCBV:Tomato:Bangalore)

GU170806-(ToLCV:Tomato:Kolar)

HM007114-(ChiLCV:Chilli:Noida)

EF190217-(PepLCV:Hot pepper chilli:Va...

HM007106-(ChiLCKV:Chilli:Kanpur)

JN176565-(ToLCJV:Tomato:Kalyani)

HM007095-(ToLCJV:Chilli:Baruipur)

NC 007723-(ToLCJV:Tomato:Gazipur)

HM007108-(ToLCJV:Chilli:Kolkata)

NC 012492-(ToLCPV:Tomato:Patna)

GU253915-(ToLCPV:Tobacco:Lucknow)

AJ314739-(ICMV:Tapioca:Maharastra)

AY730035-(ICMV:Tapioca:Maharastra)

AJ890228-(SLCMV:Tapioca:Olipatti)

AJ890227-(SLCMV:Tapioca:Salem)

HQ158010-(CLCuV:Cotton:Mohanpura)

HQ158011-(CLCuV:Cotton:Haryana)

NC 003199-(CLCuRV:Cotton:Sriganganagar)

AY765253-(CLCuMV:Cotton:Hissar)

JX181785-(BYVMV:Bhendi:Ropar)

GU112056-(BYVMV:Bhendi:Varanasi)

GU112075-(BYVMV:Bhendi:Sonipat)

GQ245760-(OkLCV:Bhendi:New Delhi)

DQ339117-(ToLCRV:Tomato:Rajasthan)

NC 010840-(ToLCV:Tomato:Palampur)

GU112084-(ToLCNDV:Bhendi:Bangalore)

GU112082-(ToLCNDV:Bhendi:Karnal)

GU112086-(ToLCNDV:Bhendi:Guntur)

GU112088-(ToLCNDV:Bhendi:Aurangabad)

HQ264185-(ToLCNDV:Tomato:Maharastra)

AB613825-(ToLCNDV:Cucumber:Indonesia)

AM747291-(ToLCNDV:Bitter Gourd:Multan)

HM007113-(ToLCNDV:Chilli:New Delhi)

HM989845-(ToLCNDV:Luffa:New Delhi)

DQ989325-(ToLCNDV:Papaya:New Delhi)

NC 004611-(ToLCNDV:Tomato:New Delhi)

JN129254-(ToLCNDV:Pumpkin:New Delhi)

DQ116880-(ToLCNDV:Chilli:Pakistan)

HQ141673-(ToLCNDV:Tomato:Pune)

HM007120-(ToLCNDV:Chilli:Tumkur)

AM286434-(ToLCNDV:Pumpkin:New Delhi)

JN208136-(ToLCNDV:Ashgourd:New Delhi)

AM286433-(ToLCNDV:Pumpkin:New Delhi)

GWA-5

FAI-19

MOD-21

AY286316-(ToLCNDV:Potato:New Delhi)

HIS-4

H-SJR-2

EF043231-(ToLCNDV:Potato:Meerut)

MOD-2-4

EF043230-(ToLCNDV:Potato:Happur)

DEE-1

JAL-10

AM850115-(ToLCNDV:Potato:Palampur)

AY271896-(MYMV:Mungbean:Haryana)

100

100

100

58

100

99

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

99

100

48

100

57

72

63

51

99

67

43

90

100

82

90

94

100

100

100

67

100

98

45

100

82

65

73

99

100

52

49

40

2321

31

23 70

100

90

95

47

67

42

0.05

Characterization of Potato Characterization of Potato VirusesViruses

PLRVH.P.PunjabBiharMeghalayaTamil Nadu

5883 nucleotides97.6-98.7 % similar to other PLRV isolates

PVY and PAMV also sequenced

ISEMISEMELISAELISA NASHNASH

Multiplex PCR Multiplex PCR

Disease DiagnosticsDisease Diagnostics

Real time PCR Real time PCR

Infected Infected Infected Infected Healthy Healthy Healthy Healthy

PVXPVX

PVAPVA

Developed dipstick kits for on-site detection of potato viruses by farmers for ascertaining the health status of their crop

Control Control bandbandTest Test bandband

Infected pla ntInfected pla ntInfected pla ntInfected pla ntHe althy He althy

plantplantHe althy He althy

plantplant

Viral DiagnosticsViral Diagnostics

JHULSACAST

DATA ENTRY

LB FORECAST

JHULSACAST MENU

RUN

Warning

Late Blight may appear within 8-

10 days

Message transferred to AIR

& Doordarshan

Data transfer

through interface

Models developed for: HP hills Western UPTarai region of Uttarakhand Punjab West Bengal

JHULSACAST- A computerized system for LB forecasting

DatabaseDatabasePrediction models Prediction models

for disease for disease appearanceappearance

Disease management Disease management programmesprogrammes

Meteorological Meteorological datadata

Fungicides Fungicides databasedatabase

Yield loss Yield loss assessment assessment

modelsmodelsJHULSACASTJHULSACAST

• Hourly Relative Humidity (%)Hourly Relative Humidity (%)• Hourly Temperature (Hourly Temperature (ooC)C)• Daily Rainfall (mm)Daily Rainfall (mm)

Decision rules for need Decision rules for need based application ofbased application of

fungicidesfungicides

Apply/ Not apply Apply/ Not apply fungicidesfungicides

Decision Support System (DSS) for LB Management

Identified and patented a biofertilizer-cum-bio-pesticide formulation (Bio-B5) for eco-friendly management of soil- and tuber-borne diseases as well as for yield enhancement.

A strain of Bacillus subtilis (IMI No. 360643) that releases three antibiotic metabolites namely, Iturin, Viomycin, and Chalcone.

The formulation has a killing effect against pathogen species of Fusarium, Pythium, Phytophthora, Sclerotium, Alternaria, and Rhizoctonia in the form of cell lysis or antibiosis.

It also inhibits growth of Ralstonia solanacearum, the cause of bacterial wilt of potato against which no chemical or resistant variety is effective till date

Identified, patented and commercialized a Identified, patented and commercialized a biofertilizer-cum-biopesticide formulation biofertilizer-cum-biopesticide formulation

(B5)(B5)

Division of Crop Physiology, Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Biochemistry and Post-

harvest Technologyharvest TechnologyResearch Achievements

Establishment of diurnal variation in photosynthesis.Establishment of diurnal variation in photosynthesis.

Water stress was found to drastically affect net assimilation rate (32 to 84% Water stress was found to drastically affect net assimilation rate (32 to 84%

reduction).reduction).

Natural leaf angle was found to be the most ideal for interception of light.Natural leaf angle was found to be the most ideal for interception of light.

Standardized a technique for artificial breaking of dormancy in seed tubersStandardized a technique for artificial breaking of dormancy in seed tubers

At low temperatures of 3-5C, starch content was found to decrease At low temperatures of 3-5C, starch content was found to decrease

accompanied by an increase in reducing sugars making potatoes sweet in taste accompanied by an increase in reducing sugars making potatoes sweet in taste

and unfit for processing. and unfit for processing.

The phytochemicals viz. Proteins, free amino acids, phenolics, starch, glyco-The phytochemicals viz. Proteins, free amino acids, phenolics, starch, glyco-

alkaloids in tubers and acrylamide in processed products were profiled. alkaloids in tubers and acrylamide in processed products were profiled.

Potato ProcessingPotato Processing

Parametrization of Indian varieties for processing attributes was done and it was found that varieties with more than 20% dry matter and reducing sugar content of less than 150 mg/100g tuber f. wt. can only be used for processing.

Mapping of entire country was done for suitability of growing processing potatoes.

A conversion table has been developed which can be used for deriving dry matter and starch content of potatoes from under water weight.

Colour cards have been developed to uniformly score the chip colour.

Elevated Temperature Potato Elevated Temperature Potato StorageStorage

Realizing the importance of storage and processing for better post harvest management of potatoes, attempts were made to standardize the storage technology for table and processing potatoes at elevated temperatures of 10-12oC. This ensured round the year supply of raw material to the processing industry and supply of low sugar potatoes to the consumers.

Elevated temperature storage for table & processing potatoes

Potato StoragePotato Storage

An improved heap storage technology for short-term (3-4 months), on-farm storage of potatoes developed, it gives storage losses less than 10%.

Harvest & heap making by end of February Putting perforated PVC pipes vertically with heap for gas

exchanges Spray of CIPC for sprout suppression

First heat tolerant variety Kufri Surya was released and a few more promising hybrids are in the pipeline, e. g. HT/6-97 and HT/6-88.

Parameters for evaluation of heat tolerance in potato plants were identified and are being utilized for screening:

Tuberization in seedlings under high temperatures (35C day/22C night) in the glass house

Tuberization in leaf buds above 22C night temperatures in phytotrons,

Cellular membrane thermostability

Real time expression of tuberization gene FTSP6A.

Nutritional Value Nutritional Value

Indian potato varieties were profiled for phytochemicals viz. Ascorbic acid, carotenoids, glyco-alkaloids (solanine and chaconine) and acrylamide content in chips and French fries.

Rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content was found to be high in boiled (58%), microwaved (51%) and pressure cooked (54%) tubers but decreased when stored for 24 h at -20C (13%) and 4C (15%) accompanied by increase in resistant starch (RS).

AUTUMN CROPAUTUMN CROP

WINTER CROPWINTER CROP 52 % VIRUS 52 % VIRUS INCIDENCEINCIDENCE

SEPSEP JANJANOCTOCT FEBFEBNOVNOV DECDEC MARMAR APRAPR

APHID PERIODAPHID PERIOD

SPRING CROPSPRING CROPSPRING CROPSPRING CROP

Seed Plot TechniqueSeed Plot Technique

Division of Seed Division of Seed TechnologyTechnology

VIRUSES

Potato Virus X Potato Virus S

Potato Virus M Potato Virus Y

Potato Leaf Roll Virus Potato Virus A

Tuber Indexing by ELISATuber Indexing by ELISA

Clonal field multiplication

1 x 1 m; rogue; 100% tested; individual harvest

STAGE - ISTAGE - I STAGE - IISTAGE - II

Separate clones in rows in field

100 x 20 cm; rogue; 100% tested in

composite sample; bulk harvest

Stage III

Bulk

multiplicati

on

60 x 20 cm; rogued; 300

plant/ ha tested; bulk

harvest; bulk harvest

Stage IV

Breeder

seed

60 x 20 cm; rogued; 300

plant/ ha tested; bulk

harvest

MicroplantsMicroplants Microplants: 80-90% Microplants: 80-90% survivalsurvival

8-12 minitubers/plant8-12 minitubers/plant

Generation-1Generation-1Generation-2Generation-2Breeder SeedBreeder Seed

Tissue cultured based seed production systemTissue cultured based seed production system

Aeroponic based seed production Aeroponic based seed production systemsystem

Seed production status Seed production status (tons)(tons)

Stations Nucleus & Breeder seed

RemittanceTotal 2011-12

Modipuram 1433.62 2,13,62,903

Jalandhar 666.81 77,96,592

Gwalior 716.70 50,59,549

Patna 270.52 52,67,234

Kufri 62.88 9,11,850

Total 3150.53 4,03,98,128

Impact Assesment Economic Impact of potato processing varieties, late blight management, Cold

storage technology at elevated temperature (10-120 C), Seed potato production system and micro irrigation system were estimated.

Economics of seed and table potato production Economics of ware & seed potato cultivation such as cost of cultivation, BC ratio

etc. were estimated for major potato producing states of the country. Quick outlook surveys Potato area and production was estimated in major potato growing regions of

India well in advance of the crop season.Assessment of Technological Gap Extent of adoption of potato production technologies and gaps were studied for

different states of the country through on farm demonstrations and survey. Institute- village Linkage Programmes Technology Assessment & refinement through IVLP were implemented in Shimla

(HP) and Bihar and nearly 1000 farm families were benefitted.Human Resource Development Training for farmers (on-farm/ campus), extension functionaries of state govt.

deptt. of agri./horti., NGO’s, SMS of KVK’s, researchers from SAU’s and private entrepreneurs were organized.

Division of Social SciencesDivision of Social Sciences

Estimated demand for processed potato products in the country.– Estimated demand of potato products in India is 698 thousand t (612 , 52 and 34

thousand t potato chips, potato flakes/ powder and frozen products, respectively. Return on research cost of processing varieties K. Chipsona 1 and 2

using economic surplus model.– Economic returns to research cost in developing Kufri Chipsona-1 and 2

varieties were very high (B-C ratio=166.76; IRR=55.28% and NPW=210.92 crore)

Analyzed yield gaps at farmers field in different regions of the country.- On an average, Yield gap varied from 25-50 % for different varieties in various states of the country. Gap was higher in hilly region as compared to plains.

Developed price forecasting for potato using seasonal ARIMA model.– Short term price forecasting of potato prices with high precision was achieved.

Identified potato marketing channel and potential countries for export of ware and seed potato.

– Market requirements and procedures for exporting potatoes specially to the south Asian counties were documented.

Established seed supply chain for potato.– Supply chain of processing quality potato varieties was established in non-

conventional producing area (Hoshiarpur, Punjab) under NAIP project.

ICAR Sardar Patel Outstanding Institute Award-1995

ICAR Sardar Patel Outstanding Institute Award-2011

Best Institute Awards

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