2017 Dry Farming Collaborative Trial Lewis Brown Farm By: Amy Garrett (Assistant Professor of Practice) and Ana Monreal (Dry Farming Research Analyst) OSU Extension Service, Small Farms Program The OSU Lewis Brown dry farm trial site is .69 acres and has multiple varieties of tomatoes, squash, melon, zucchini, dry beans, and flour corn. This is the first year this field has been dry farmed and intended to be the ‘mother trial’ for the 2017 replicated variety trials with the Dry Farming Collaborative (DFC). Thirty DFC farms throughout Western Oregon and Washington are growing some of the same crop varietals. Soil type: Malabon Silty Clay Loam Soil preparation: • Field was fallow over the winter and in barley in 2016. • Broke ground on 5/1/17 with 1 shallow pass (approx. 4” deep) with tiller, and another pass with tiller on 5/7. • Soil test results showed that organic matter was less than 4%, so 100 yards of compost (donated from Recology in Aumsville) were spread on 5/9 and 5/10 and incorporated with power harrow/roller and then one pass with tiller (approx. 4” deep). • Spread 800 lbs of Stutzman’s Nutri-rich fertilizer (4-3-2) and chiseled in length and cross-wise, then 2 passes with harrow/roller and 1 pass with tiller. Planting: Crop varietals were selected by the Dry Farming Collaborative, and planted between 5/23 and 5/26. Tilled one row then planted that row, and repeated until whole plot was planted. Tomatoes were transplanted and rest of crops were pre-soaked for 24-36 hours then direct-seeded. Due to string of about 12 hot days right after planting, we decided to irrigate once on 5/31 (4 hrs overhead irrigation – about 1.5”) Note: Rows are 5’ apart and 20 row feet, so 100 sq. ft. is one replication. Three replications were planted of each variety although not all three survived (see field notes below table on pg. 2 of report). Crop Varieties Seed Source Total Number of Plants Average Planting Density (sq.ft./plant) Average Yield/Plant (lbs) Average Yield/Acre (lbs.) Beans Whipple Adaptive Seed 101 3.0 .07 1045.44 Volga German Adaptive Seed 117 2.6 .06 1103.52 Early Warwick Adaptive Seed 107 2.8 .06 871.20 Beefy Resilient Grex Fertile Valley Seeds 107 2.8 .06 900.24 Mother Stallards Pat Shenk of Canaan Hill Farm 95 3.2 Not mature - Tomatoes Early Girl Johnny’s Seed 18 16.7 10.44 27297.60 * Dirty Girl (dehybridized dry farmed Early Girl) Tradewinds 18 16.7 6.00 15681.60 Stupice Via Log House Plants 17 17.6 9.34 23057.76 Perfect Rogue Adaptive Seed 18 16.7 7.68 20066.64 Cour di Bue Via Log House Plants 18 16.7 7.28 19021.20 Big Beef Johnny’s Seed 13 23.1 8.35 15768.72 * Champagne Bubbles Gales Meadow Farm 18 16.7 6.37 16654.44 * Early Girl F2 Gales Meadow Farm 23 17.4 11.79 29533.68 Melon * Eel River Seed rEvolution Now! 6 50.0 12.53 10919.04 Rich Sweetness Baker Creek Seed 4 50.0 3.05 2657.16 * Christmas Watermelon Seed rEvolution Now! 5 40.0 20.88 22738.32 Desert King Via Mike Hessel via Fedco 4 50.0 26.55 23130.36 Zucchini * Dark Star Seed rEvolution Now! 17 17.6 3.73 9205.68 Costata Romanesco Baker Creek Seed 10 30.0 5.97 8668.44 Genovese Adaptive Seed 3 100.0 9.97 4341.48 Rugosa Friulana Baker Creek Seed 14 21.4 2.73 5546.64 Goldini Zucchini Fertile Valley Seed 10 20.0 3.68 8015.04 Squash Hidatsa Dancing Bear Farm 1 100.0 8.60 3746.16 Lower Salmon River Adaptive Seed 7 42.9 1.49 1510.08 Zeppelin Delicata Wild Garden Seed 6 16.7 2.23 5837.04 * Stella Blue Seed rEvolution Now! 4 50.0 12.00 10454.40 Winter Sweet Adaptive Seed 2 100.0 13.90 6054.84 Little Gem Adaptive Seed 4 50.0 1.80 1568.16 Corn Cascade Ruby-Gold Fertile Valley Seed 51 5.9 .24 1742.40 Open Oak Party Mix Dent Adaptive Seed 79 5.1 .27 2286.90 Painted Mountain Baker Creek Seed 44 6.8 .18 1161.60 Magic Manna Fertile Valley Seed 68 5.9 .17 1274.13 Hopi Blue Via Goosefoot Farm (Baker Creek) 69 4.3 .10 958.32 Papas Red Baker Creek Seed 62 4.8 .17 1539.12 • Indicates that seed was bred and/or selected from dry farmed system.
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2017DryFarmingCollaborativeTrialLewisBrownFarmBy:AmyGarrett(AssistantProfessorofPractice)andAnaMonreal(DryFarmingResearchAnalyst)OSUExtensionService,SmallFarmsProgramTheOSULewisBrowndryfarmtrialsiteis.69acresandhasmultiplevarietiesoftomatoes,squash,melon,zucchini,drybeans,andflourcorn.Thisisthefirstyearthisfieldhasbeendryfarmedandintendedtobethe‘mothertrial’forthe2017replicatedvarietytrialswiththeDryFarmingCollaborative(DFC).ThirtyDFCfarmsthroughoutWesternOregonandWashingtonaregrowingsomeofthesamecropvarietals.Soiltype:MalabonSiltyClayLoamSoilpreparation:• Fieldwasfallowoverthewinterandinbarleyin2016.• Brokegroundon5/1/17with1shallowpass(approx.4”deep)withtiller,andanotherpasswithtilleron5/7.• Soiltestresultsshowedthatorganicmatterwaslessthan4%,so100yardsofcompost(donatedfromRecologyinAumsville)werespread
on5/9and5/10andincorporatedwithpowerharrow/rollerandthenonepasswithtiller(approx.4”deep).• Spread800lbsofStutzman’sNutri-richfertilizer(4-3-2)andchiseledinlengthandcross-wise,then2passeswithharrow/rollerand1pass
withtiller.Planting:CropvarietalswereselectedbytheDryFarmingCollaborative,andplantedbetween5/23and5/26.Tilledonerowthenplantedthatrow,andrepeateduntilwholeplotwasplanted.Tomatoesweretransplantedandrestofcropswerepre-soakedfor24-36hoursthendirect-seeded.Duetostringofabout12hotdaysrightafterplanting,wedecidedtoirrigateonceon5/31(4hrsoverheadirrigation–about1.5”)Note:Rowsare5’apartand20rowfeet,so100sq.ft.isonereplication.Threereplicationswereplantedofeachvarietyalthoughnotallthreesurvived(seefieldnotesbelowtableonpg.2ofreport).Crop Varieties SeedSource TotalNumber
ofPlantsAverage
PlantingDensity(sq.ft./plant)
AverageYield/Plant
(lbs)
AverageYield/Acre(lbs.)
Beans
Whipple AdaptiveSeed 101 3.0 .07 1045.44VolgaGerman AdaptiveSeed 117 2.6 .06 1103.52EarlyWarwick AdaptiveSeed 107 2.8 .06 871.20BeefyResilientGrex FertileValleySeeds 107 2.8 .06 900.24MotherStallards PatShenkofCanaanHillFarm 95 3.2 Notmature -
Tomatoes EarlyGirl Johnny’sSeed 18 16.7 10.44 27297.60*DirtyGirl(dehybridizeddryfarmedEarlyGirl)
Tradewinds 18 16.7 6.00 15681.60
Stupice ViaLogHousePlants 17 17.6 9.34 23057.76PerfectRogue AdaptiveSeed 18 16.7 7.68 20066.64CourdiBue ViaLogHousePlants 18 16.7 7.28 19021.20BigBeef Johnny’sSeed 13 23.1 8.35 15768.72*ChampagneBubbles GalesMeadowFarm 18 16.7 6.37 16654.44*EarlyGirlF2 GalesMeadowFarm 23 17.4 11.79 29533.68
Melon *EelRiver SeedrEvolutionNow! 6 50.0 12.53 10919.04RichSweetness BakerCreekSeed 4 50.0 3.05 2657.16*ChristmasWatermelon SeedrEvolutionNow! 5 40.0 20.88 22738.32DesertKing ViaMikeHesselviaFedco 4 50.0 26.55 23130.36
Zucchini *DarkStar SeedrEvolutionNow! 17 17.6 3.73 9205.68CostataRomanesco BakerCreekSeed 10 30.0 5.97 8668.44Genovese AdaptiveSeed 3 100.0 9.97 4341.48RugosaFriulana BakerCreekSeed 14 21.4 2.73 5546.64GoldiniZucchini FertileValleySeed 10 20.0 3.68 8015.04
Squash Hidatsa DancingBearFarm 1 100.0 8.60 3746.16LowerSalmonRiver AdaptiveSeed 7 42.9 1.49 1510.08ZeppelinDelicata WildGardenSeed 6 16.7 2.23 5837.04*StellaBlue SeedrEvolutionNow! 4 50.0 12.00 10454.40WinterSweet AdaptiveSeed 2 100.0 13.90 6054.84LittleGem AdaptiveSeed 4 50.0 1.80 1568.16
Corn CascadeRuby-Gold FertileValleySeed 51 5.9 .24 1742.40OpenOakPartyMixDent AdaptiveSeed 79 5.1 .27 2286.90PaintedMountain BakerCreekSeed 44 6.8 .18 1161.60MagicManna FertileValleySeed 68 5.9 .17 1274.13HopiBlue ViaGoosefootFarm(BakerCreek) 69 4.3 .10 958.32PapasRed BakerCreekSeed 62 4.8 .17 1539.12
• Indicatesthatseedwasbredand/orselectedfromdryfarmedsystem.
FieldNotes:
• Stripedcucumberbeetlestookoutamajorityofthecurcurbitsrightaftertheygerminated.Missingplantswerereseededon6/6.Surround/PyganicwithNufilmsurfactantsprayedtoprotectseedlingson6/5,6/13,and6/19.
• 3repswereplantedofeachcropvarietybutinsomecases,especiallythecurcurbits,wewereluckytohaveonerep.• Weeds,primarilybindweedandJapaneseKnotweed,hoedandcultivatedasneeded.• Symphylanspresentinthemiddleofthecornandsquashplotscausingtheirregulargrowth.Belowisanoverheadphoto
oftheplottakenonJuly31,2017.Areacircledindicateswhereamajorityofcropfailureoccurredandsymphylanswereobserved.
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FarmName ● Last Year's Rain Lewis Brown Farm Myrtle Creek Farm Oak Creek
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Perfect Rogue −Irrigated − Grafted Stupice
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Dirty Girl − Irrigated Dirty Girl − Irrigated −Grafted Early Girl Early Girl − Grafted Early Girl − Irrigated
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May02,2017IncorporatedcovercroponMay1stwithonepasswithtiller,andmadeanotherpassonMay7th.
May20,2017
June12,2017Beans
Tomatoes
Corn
July19,2017Beans
Tomatoes
DryFarmingResources
• OSUExtensionSmallFarmsDryFarmingProject:http://smallfarms.oregonstate.edu/dry-farm/dry-farming-project• OSUExtensionSmallFarms–WaterManagementWorkshopSeries:http://smallfarms.oregonstate.edu/wmws• CascadiaDroughtGroup:https://cascadiadroughtgroup.wordpress.com/dry-farming/• Runsten,D.andKatyMamen.“Dryfarming”.CaliforniaAgriculturalWaterStewardshipInitiative(CAWSI).10November2014.
http://agwaterstewards.org/index.php/practices/dry_farming• Deppe,C.TheResilientGardener:FoodProductionandSelf-RelianceinUncertainTimes.ChelseaGreenPublishing.October2010.• Garrett,A.Commonmisconceptionsandkeypointsaboutdryfarming:Casestudyofdryfarmerwithmorethan40yearsofexperience.
OregonSmallFarmNews.Summer2014,Vol.IXNo.3.• Garrett,A.Dryfarmingvegetables:Onefarmer’sapproachtobuildingsoil,conservingwater,andproducinggreattastingtomatoes.
OregonSmallFarmNews.Summer2013,Vol.VIIINo.3.• Granatstein,David.1992.DrylandFarmingintheNorthwesternUnitedStates:ANon-technicalOverview.WashingtonStateUniversity
Extension.MISC0162.• Solomon,Steve.GardeningWithoutIrrigation:orwithoutmuchanyway.ValdeBooks.2009.• Solomon,Steve.GrowingVegetablesWestoftheCascades.6thEdition.Sasquatchbooks.2007.• Solomon,Steve.GardeningwhenitCounts:GrowingFoodinHardTimes.Canada,NewSocietyPublishers.2005.• Nabhan,Gary.Growingfoodinahotter,drierland:lessonsfromdesertfarmersonadaptingtoclimateuncertainty.WhiteRiver
Junction,Vt.:ChelseaGreenPub.,2013.• Widtsoe,John.DryFarming:ASystemofAgricultureforCountriesUnderLowRainfall.NewYork.Macmillan,1920.
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