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Center for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Tecnologie semantiche per la gestione di basi documentali Guido Vetere IBM Center for Advanced Studies of Rome Università di Napoli Federico II 20\04\07
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Page 1: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Tecnologie semantiche per la gestione di basidocumentali

Guido VetereIBM Center for Advanced Studies of RomeUniversità di Napoli Federico II 20\04\07

Page 2: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Outline

� Ruolo della semantica nella progettazione e nell’integrazionedei sistemi informativi

� Architetture dei sistemi basati su risorse semantiche

� Tipologia delle risorse semantiche

� Problemi di analisi del linguaggio naturale

� Task operativi nel trattamento del linguaggio naturale

� La piattaforma UIMA

� Le tecnologie IBM

Page 3: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Ruolo della semantica

� I nostri sistemi informativi somigliano sempre più a comunità di persone e macchine che comunicano tra loro

� Il valore di questa comunicazione non è nelle forme, ma neicontenuti

� Nei contenuti si entra attraverso complessi sistemi di segni

� La modellazione e la gestione di questi sistemi richiedonometodologie, tecnologie e risorse specifiche

segno

contribuente persona

“RSS MRA 50A01 H501O”significante

significato

referente

Mario Rossi

Page 4: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Accesso, Integrazione e Federazione di Contenuti e ProcessiConnect

Analisi, scoperta e gestionedi dati,

informazionie conoscenza

Estrazione di Informazioni e Conoscenzada dati strutturati e non strutturati

Ricerca multi-modale e Indicizzazione Semantica

Organizzazione e distribuzione mirata della conoscenza

ServizioInformativo

Sistemi di integrazione per l’analisi, la scoperta e l’organizzazione di dati, informazioni e conoscenza

InsightProcessi Cittadini / Aziende / Utenti Interni

Tools & Applicazioni

Page 5: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Gestione integrata della conoscenza

Sviluppo Ontologie

DBMS

ontologie

Estrazione da sorgentidocumentali

Estrazione da sorgentistrutturate

Piattaforme (collaborative) per annotazione \ arricchimento\ elicitazione

Web Services, Portali(Query Interface)

Base di Conoscenza

Ragionatore

Basi di Documenti

Basi di Dati

Page 6: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Risorse semantiche

� Elenchi di nomi

� Dizionari elettronici

– Vocabolari human-readable digitalizzati

� Lessici computazionali

– Vocabolari machine-readable con strutture lessicografiche (WordNet)

� Ontologie

– Teorie sulla realtà, a vari livelli di formalizzazione (topic maps, UML, logiche descrittive, frames, …)

– Fondazionali (es. DOLCE)

– Linguistiche (es. OntoWordNet, FrameNet)

Page 7: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Analisi del testo

� Ambiguità morfosintattiche

– Lessicali (es. vecchio: nome, aggettivo)

– Testuali (es: porta: nome, portare: indicativo presente 3 persona singolare)

– Es: una vecchia porta la sbarra

� Ambiguità semantiche

– Omonimia (es. dossier: documento; film-dossier)

– Polisemia (es. tavolo (nome), oggetto, luogo di trattativa)

– Es: Il dossier è sul tavolo del ministro

Page 8: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Task operativi nel trattamento del linguaggio naturale

Coreference

Part-of-Speech Tagging Chunking/Parsing

Temporal Expressions Recognition and

Normalization

Named Entities

Recognition

Semantic inferences

Semantic Role

Labeling

Mentions Relations

Word Sense Disambiguation

Il Primo Ministro ha rassegnato le dimissioni

⇒ E’ in atto una crisi di GovernoOntology

Page 9: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Collection Processing Engine (CPE)

Componenti dell’architettura UIMA

Text, Chat, Email, Audio,

Video

Collection

Reader

Aggregate Analysis Engine

Analysis Engine

Annotator

Analysis Engine

Annotator

CAS

CAS Consumer

CAS Consumer

CAS Consumer

Ontologies

Search

Engine

Index

DBs

Knowledge

Bases

CAS

CAS Initializer

CAS

� Annotators: moduli di analisi “modesta” del linguaggio naturale

� Common Analysis Structure (CAS): Interfaccia standard per integrare\comporre\usare gli annotatori

Page 10: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Aggregate Analysis Engine: Relation Detector

Aggregate Analysis Engine: Named-Entity Detector

Esempio di composizione degli annotatori

TokenizerPart of

Speech …

Named-Entity

Annotator

RelationAnnotator

-Tokens

-Parts of Speech

-Names

-Organizations

-Places

-Persons

CAS

-Tokens

-Parts of Speech

-Names

-Organizations

-Places

-Persons

- Located at

- Citizen of

CAS

Page 11: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Esempio

Fred is theCenter CEO of

OrganizationPerson

CeoOf

Arg2:OrgArg1:Person

PPVPNPParser

Named Entity

Relationship

Center Micros

Page 12: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities on Monday and

two senior officials faced assassination attempts, hours after George W. Bush told Americans not to despair over the U.S. mission in Iraq and USA.

A German hostage released on Sunday was safe and well in Baghdad, but an Iraqi militant group posted a video on the Internet claiming to show the killing of a U.S. hostage kidnapped earlier this month.

As Iraqis awaited the outcome of last week's election, party officials from across the political spectrum said they believed the Islamist Shi'ite coalition which forms the backbone of the current government had fared well.

Early results in half Iraq's regions confirmed a strong showing for the Shi'iteUnited Iraqi Alliance, which won 58 percent of the vote in Baghdad.

It said it would try to bring Sunni Arabs, Kurds and secular parties into government even if it won a majority of seats in the 275-member Council of

Representatives. Full results are not due for around two weeks.

"It seems we have between 120 and 140 seats in total," senior Alliance official

Abbas al-Bayati told Reuters. "We don't think that the official results will be very different."

The number of killings and bombings in Iraq has ticked up again in recent days following the mainly peaceful and successful election on December 15, at which the Sunni Arab minority largely took part for the first time, helped by an informal ceasefire among rebel groups keen to have a voice in parliament.

In the latest attacks, a suicide bomber in a car blew himself up in the Iskandistrict of Baghdad as a convoy passed carrying a colonel in the Iraqi police

force.

Two civilians were killed by the blast, which left the burnt-out smoking

wreckage of eight cars strewn across a street. The colonel, two bodyguards and five civilians were wounded.

In another district, gunmen opened fire on the convoy of Baghdad's deputy governor Ziyad al-Zawbai. Three of his bodyguards were killed and he was wounded.

Militants also set off bombs in Iraq's second city Basra, wounding three bodyguards of an adviser to the defense minister, and in Miqdadiya, 90 km (56

miles) northeast of Baghdad, injuring four civilians.

Page 13: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Analisi di una pagina Web (risultato)

Page 14: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Beneficio: interrogazione semantica

� Vettoriale

– Rintraccia tutti i documenti che contengono il nome della PERSONA: “George W. Bush”

– Rintraccia tutti i documenti che contengono contemporaneamente la PERSONA: “George W. Bush” E IL LUOGO: “Baghdad”

� Relazionale

– Rintraccia tutti i documenti in cui la PERSONA: “George W. Bush” HA DICHIARATO QUALCOSA RELATIVO A:“Baghdad”

Page 15: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Cosa si può sviluppare attualmente con UIMA

Coreference

Part-of-Speech Tagging Chunking/Parsing

Temporal Expression Recognition and

Normalization

Named Entities

Recognition

Semantic inferences

Semantic Role

Labeling

Mentions Relations

Word Sense Disambiguation

Page 16: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Ma serve conoscenza linguistica

�Senso Comune è il progetto per la costruzione di una base di conoscenza linguistica

dell'italiano.

�La base di conoscenza verrà acquisita con la cooperazione dei parlanti attraverso il

Web.

�Sarà una risorsa a disposizione di tutti, sia per la consultazione online che per l'uso nei

sistemi informatici.

www.senso-comune.it

Page 17: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Piattaforme tecnologiche e metodologie IBM

� Sviluppo di Ontologie

– IBM Ontology Development Toolkit (Eclipse Platform, standard: ODM (OMG), OWL)

– Ambienti UML (es. su Eclipse, standard: ODM, UML Class Diagrams)

– Open Source (Protegée, SWOOP)

– OntoClean (CNR, IBM WRC)

� Gestione Base di Conoscenza \ Ragionamento

– IBM Minerva (Structural Ontology Reasoning)

– IBM Semantic Layered Research Platform (Open Source, standard: RDF,OWL)

– Other Open Source (Sesame, Pellet , standard: RDF,OWL)

– QuOnto (Università di Roma “La Sapienza” (DIS) – IBM SUR Grant)

� Analisi di informazione testuale

– IBM UIMA (Open Source)

– IBM LanguageWare Resource Workbench (free)

� Piattaforme collaborative e di annotazione

– IBM Lotus 8

– IBM QEDWiki

– (Semantic) MediaWiki (Open Source)

Page 18: Center for Advanced Studies of RomeCenter for Advanced Studies of Rome © 2007 IBM Corporation Analisi di una pagina Web BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Bombs ripped through three Iraqi cities

Center for Advanced Studies of Rome

© 2007 IBM Corporation

Grazie per l’attenzione

Guido Vetere, IBM Center for Advanced Studies

[email protected]